• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2015

Two hundred and sixteen Institut de S$\acute{e}$lection Animale (ISA) brown layers (40 wks of age) were studied for 6 wks to examine the effect of microalgae powder (MAP) on egg production, egg quality, blood lipid profile, and fatty acid concentration of egg yolk. Dietary treatments were as follows: i) CON (basal diet), ii) 0.5% MAP (CON+0.5% Schizochytrium powder), and iii) 1.0% MAP (CON+1.0% Schizochytrium powder). From 44 to 46 wks, egg production was higher in 1.0% MAP treatment than in control treatment (linear, p = 0.034); however, there was no difference on the egg production from 40 to 43 wks (p>0.05). Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly reduced in the groups fed with MAP, compared to those in groups fed with control diets (Quadratic, p = 0.034 and p = 0.039, respectively). Inclusion of 0.5% MAP in the diet of layers improved egg yolk color, compared with hens fed with basal diet at 46 wks (quadratic, p = 0.044). Eggshell thickness was linearly increased in MAP-fed treatments at 46th wk (p<0.05). Concentration of yolk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) was increased in treatment groups fed with MAP (linear, p<0.05). The n-6 fatty acids, n-6/n-3 fatty acid, and unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid were decreased in treatment groups fed with MAP (linear, p<0.05). These results suggest that MAP improved the egg production and egg quality, and may affect serum lipid metabolites in the layers. In addition, MAP increases yolk DHA levels, and deceases n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.520-523
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• 2004

A phase-locked loop control system designed by using the linear quadratic regulator approach is presented in this paper. The system thus designed is optimal system when system is in locked state and the parameter value of loop filter which is an active PI filter can be obtained easily. By considering the structure of loop filter of phase-locked loop is included in the process to be controlled, a type 1 servo system can be constructed when voltage control oscillator is considered as an integrator. The integral gain of the proposed system obtained by linear quadratic regulator approach can be used as an optimal value to design the parameter of loop filter. The implemented result in controlling the second-order lag pressure process by using the proposed scheme show that the system response is fast with no overshoot and no steady-state error. Furthermore, the experimental results are also shown in term of output disturbance effect rejection, tracking and process parameter changed.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.183-187
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• 2004

To predict rolling performance for a barge-type FPSO, the evaluation of correct nonlinear roll damping is critical. The squall section of FPSO causes a fair amount of viscous damping effect. Free roll decoy tests were conducted to estimate nonlinear roll damping for a barge-typ FPSO of three different loading conditions. The roll motion RAO was deduced by model tests in the wave condition of wideband spectrum. In numerical calculation, the quadratic damping was considered as equivalent linear damping using the results of free roll decay test. Tested roll performance in JONSWAP wave spectrum was compared with numerical results. These two results show good agreement, in spite of proximity in peak wave period and roll natural period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1355-1360
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• 2008

Effects of dietary ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) supplementation on serum iron status, blood characteristics, egg production and quality were examined in laying hens in an 8-week feeding trail. Two hundred and forty (Hy-line brown, 40-week-old) layers were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with ten replications (six layers in adjacent three cages). Dietary treatments included: 1) CON (basal diet), 2) ALA1 (CON+ALA 5 ppm), 3) ALA2 (CON+ALA 10 ppm) and 4) ALA3 (CON+ALA 15 ppm). All nutrient levels of diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (1994) recommendations for laying hens. During the entire experimental period, differences of serum iron concentration and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were significantly increased in ALA1 supplemented treatment (quadratic effect, p<0.05). The difference of total protein between 8 and 0 weeks was significantly higher in ALA2 treatment than CON treatment (quadratic effect, p<0.05). No significant effects were observed on hemoglobin, WBC, RBC, lymphocyte and albumin concentrations. Egg production and egg weight were not influenced by the ALA supplementation. Egg yolk index was also significantly higher in ALA3 treatment than CON treatment at the end of 4 and 8 weeks (linear effect, p<0.05). Haugh unit was increased in ALA3 treatment compared to CON and ALA1 treatments at the end of 8 weeks (linear effect, p<0.05). However, egg shell thickness, breaking strength and yolk color unit were not affected by the ALA supplementation. In conclusion, dietary ALA supplementation at a level of 5 ppm can affect iron concentration in serum while higher levels (10 or 15 ppm) have some beneficial influences on blood profiles and egg quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.1445-1449
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• 2000

A total of one hundred twenty pigs ($L{\times}Y{\times}D$, $50{\pm}0.78kg$) were employed for a 7-week feeding trial to determine the effect of inclusion levels of vitamin and mineral (VTM) premixes on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and pork stability in finishing pigs. Treatments were 100% (Control), 150%, 200%, and 250% of NRC (1998) requirements. Increasing dietary VTM premixes in finishing pigs had a linear (p<0.05) effect on ADG. It also had a linear effect (p<0.05) on the digestibility of calcium and a linear and quadratic effect (p<0.05) on the digestibility of phosphorus. As dietary VTM levels were increased from 100 to 250% NRC (1998), TBARS values of pork samples were linearly (p<0.05) lowered when stored at $1^{\circ}C$ for 2 or 3 weeks. There was also a trend reducing POV of pig meat as dietary VTM level was increased. In conclusion, it would appear that inclusion of VTM premixes at the level of 200-250% of NRC (1998) requirements gave positive effects on growth performance and pork stability in finishing pigs.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2021

This study was conducted to estimate the effect of different cutting lengths on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of whole crop rice (WCR) silage. The WCR was harvested at the yellow ripe stage (43.7%, DM), and then cut at 5 (R05), 10 (R10), and 20 cm (R20) of the theoretical length of cut with no cut WCR (R60). Each forage was ensiled into 20 L mini bucket silo (5 kg) for 150 days in quadruplicates. The cutting lengths were not affected the chemical compositions of WCR silage (p > 0.05). The pH (p < 0.001) and concentration of ammonia-N (p = 0.022) in WCR silage were increased linearly with the increase of cutting length. The concentration of lactate had quadratic effect (p = 0.007), which was highest in R20 silage (p < 0.05). The concentration of acetate was increased linearly (p = 0.014), but the concentration of butyrate was decreased linearly (p = 0.033). The lactic acid bacteria count was decreased linearly (p = 0.017), and yeast count had quadratic effect (p = 0.009), which was the highest in R20 silage (p < 0.05). Aerobic stability had strong quadratic effect (p < 0.001), which was the highest in R20 silage (p < 0.05). In conclusion, R60 silage had highest pH by a linear increase of ammonia-N concentration and led to low aerobic stability. While R20 silage had the lowest pH by high lactate concentration and led to high aerobic stability.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.523-533
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• 2020

This paper suggests three available methods for finding nonnegative estimates of variance components of the random effects in mixed models. The three proposed methods based on the concepts of projections are called projection method I, II, and III. Each method derives sums of squares uniquely based on its own method of projections. All the sums of squares in quadratic forms are calculated as the squared lengths of projections of an observation vector; therefore, there is discussion on the decomposition of the observation vector into the sum of orthogonal projections for establishing a projection model. The projection model in matrix form is constructed by ascertaining the orthogonal projections defined on vector subspaces. Nonnegative estimates are then obtained by the projection model where all the coefficient matrices of the effects in the model are orthogonal to each other. Each method provides its own system of linear equations in a different way for the estimation of variance components; however, the estimates are given as the same regardless of the methods, whichever is used. Hartley's synthesis is used as a method for finding the coefficients of variance components.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.349-363
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• 2020

Penalized spline is a suitable nonparametric approach in estimating mean model in small area. However, application of the approach in informative sampling in a published article is uncommon. We propose a semiparametric mixed-model using penalized spline under informative sampling to estimate mean of small area. The response variable is explained in terms of mean model, informative sample effect, area random effect and unit error. We approach the mean model by penalized spline and utilize a penalized spline function of the inclusion probability to account for the informative sample effect. We determine the best and unbiased estimators for coefficient model and derive the restricted maximum likelihood estimators for the variance components. A simulation study shows a decrease in the average absolute bias produced by the proposed model. A decrease in the root mean square error also occurred except in some quadratic cases. The use of linear and quadratic penalized spline to approach the function of the inclusion probability provides no significant difference distribution of root mean square error, except for few smaller samples.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.765-775
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• 2010

For the accelerated failure time (AFT) model a lot of effort has been devoted to develop effective estimation methods. AFT model assumes a linear relationship between the logarithm of event time and covariates. In this paper we propose a semiparametric support vector machine to consider situations where the functional form of the effect of one or more covariates is unknown. The proposed estimating equation can be computed by a quadratic programming and a linear equation. We study the effect of several covariates on a censored response variable with an unknown probability distribution. We also provide a generalized approximate cross-validation method for choosing the hyper-parameters which affect the performance of the proposed approach. The proposed method is evaluated through simulations using the artificial example.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.81-100
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• 2015

This paper presents nonlinear analysis of an arbitrary functionally graded circular plate integrated with two functionally graded piezoelectric layers resting on the Winkler-Pasternak foundation. Geometric nonlinearity is considered in the strain-displacement relation based on the Von-Karman assumption. All the mechanical and electrical properties except Poisson's ratio can vary continuously along the thickness of the plate based on a power function. Electric potential is assumed as a quadratic function along the thickness direction. After derivation of general nonlinear equations, as an instance, numerical results of a functionally graded material integrated with functionally graded piezoelectric material obeying two different functionalities is investigated. The effect of different parameters such as parameters of foundation, non homogenous index and boundary conditions can be investigated on the mechanical and electrical results of the system. A comprehensive comparison between linear and nonlinear responses of the system presents necessity of this study. Furthermore, the obtained results can be validated by using previous linear and nonlinear analyses after removing the effect of foundation.