• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.439-448
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• 2018

Objective: Myogenic satellite cells were isolated from semitendinosus muscle of prepubertal Korean black goat to observe the differential effect of linolenic and retinoic acid in thepresence of thiazolidinediones (TZD) and also to observe the production insulin sensitive preadipocyte. Methods: Cells were characterized for their stemness with cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34), CD13, CD106, CD44, Vimentin surface markers using flow cytometry. Cells characterized themselves as possessing significant (p<0.05) levels of CD13, CD34, CD106, Vimentin revealing their stemness potential. Goat myogenic satellite cells also exhibited CD44, indicating that they possessed a % of stemness factors of adipose lineage apart from their inherent stemness of paxillin factors 3/7. Results: Cells during proliferation stayed absolutely and firmly within the myogenic fate without any external cues and continued to show a significant (p<0.05) fusion index % to express myogenic differentiation, myosin heavy chain, and smooth muscle actin in 2% horse serum. However, confluent myogenic satellite cells were the ones easily turning into adipogenic lineage. Intriguingly, upregulation in adipose specific genetic markers such as peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor ${\gamma}$, adiponectin, lipoprotein lipase, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ${\alpha}$ were observed and confirmed in all given treatments. However, the amount of adipogenesis was found to be statistically significant (p<0.01) with linolenic acid as compared to retinoic acid in combination with TZD's. Conclusion: Retinoic acid was found to produce smaller preadipocytes which have been assumed to have insulin sensitization and hence retinoic acid could be used as a potential agent to sensitize tissues to insulin in combination with TZD's to treat diabetic conditions in humans and animals in future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.599-606
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• 2012

The characterization of the whole genome of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) from cervical cancer specimens with multiple infections in comparison with single infection samples as the oncogenic potential of the virus may differ. Cervical carcinoma specimens positive for HPV16 by PCR and INNO-LiPA were randomly selected for whole genome characterization. Two HPV16 single infection and six HPV16 multiple infection specimens were subjected to whole genome analysis by using conserved primers and subsequent sequencing. All HPV16 whole genomes from single infection samples clustered in the European (E) lineage while all multiple infection specimens belonged to the non-European lineage. The variations in nucleotide sequences in E6, E7, E2, L1 and Long control region (LCR) were evaluated. In the E6 region, amino acid changes at L83V were related to increased cancer progression. An amino acid variation N29S within the E7 oncoprotein significantly associated with severity of lesion was also discovered. In all three domains of the E2 gene non synonymous mutations were found. The L1 region showed various mutations which may be related to conformation changes of viral epitopes. Some transcription factor binding sites in the LCR region correlated to virulence were shown on GRE/1, TEF-1, YY14 and Oct-1. HPV16 European variant prone to single infection may harbor a major variation at L83V which significantly increases the risk for developing cervical carcinoma. HPV16 non-European variants prone to multiple infections may require many polymorphisms to enhance the risk of cervical cancer development.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.460-468
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• 2017

In a real-time cloud environment, the data analysis framework plays a pivotal role. Spark Streaming meets most real-time requirements among existing frameworks. However, the framework does not meet the second scale real-time fault recovery requirement. Spark Streaming fault recovery time increases in proportion to the transformation history length called lineage. This is because it recovers the last state data based on the cumulative lineage recorded during normal operation. Therefore, fault recovery time is not bounded within a limited time. In addition, it is impossible to achieve a second-scale fault recovery time because it costs tens of seconds to read initial state data from fault-tolerant storage. In this paper, we propose two techniques to solve the problems mentioned above. We apply the proposed techniques to Spark Streaming 1.6.2. Experimental results show that the fault recovery time is bounded and the average fault recovery time is reduced by up to 41.57%.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.387-396
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• 2005

The purpose of this research was to find differences of children's behavioral pattern between players and non players of the online game "Lineage" in on-line and off line space. As a result, social behaviors of children who play online games were less active than who don't. Based on their motive and behavior pattern in online world, four behavior patterns in online world were identified; "Single-Oriented", "Community-Oriented", "Off-Real World" and "Discriminative." Off-Real World and Discriminative players were more sociable than Single-Oriented and Community-Oriented players. And Discriminative player has more self assertive attitude than others. This study may serve as a model to understand how players will respond to the various game features and how they adopt the virtual world for their interpersonal relationships.

• 한국게임학회지
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.66-69
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• 2009

지속적인 성장을 거듭하고 있는 온라인 게임은 사회적 상호작용과 집단 경쟁 등 스탠드 얼론(stand alone) 게임에서는 느낄 수 없는 새로운 재미를 제공하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 온라인 게임 플레이의 경험 중가장 핵심적인 주제인 재미에 대한 연구는 휴리스틱한(heuristic) 연구에 머물고 있다. 본 연구는 기존 연구의 한계를 극복하고, 게임플레이의 재미에 대한 과학적인 평가를 위해 MMORPG의 재미 평가 모델을 제시하고, 그 유용성을 검증하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 동기이론, 몰입(Flow) 이론, 기존의 문헌연구와 설문조사를 통하여 온라인 게임의 핵심적인 재미 요소를 도출하였다. 도출된 20여개 의 요인들을 매트릭스 분석을 통해 범주화하고, Ermi & Mayra(2005)의 게임플레이 경험 모델에 통합하였다. 다양하고 정성적인 평가기준을 체계화하기 위해 AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) 이론에 입각하여 감각적 재미, 도전적 재미, 상상적 재미, 사회적 상호작용의 재미의 4개 측면을 포함하는 계층분석도를 구성하였고, 게임업계 전문가들의 검토와 중요도 평가를 통해 MMORPG의 재미 평가 모델을 제안하였다. 제안된 모델에 의해 구성된 설문문항을 3개 MMORPG를 즐기고 있는 이용자 87명을 대상으로 평가한 결과, WOW, Aion, Lineage2순으로 각각 75.247점, 68.649점, 62.205점을 얻어냈다. 이러한 평가 결과는 현재 MMORPG 중에서 가장 높은 시장점유율과 매출 실적이 좋은 WOW를 가장 재미있는 게임으로 선정하였고, Aion과 Lineage2도 현재의 시장 점유율과 매출 실적과도 정확하게 일치하고 있다. 이러한 결과로 본 연구에서 제안된 MMORPG의 재미 평가 모델의 유효성이 검증되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 가장 재미있는 게임의 선정뿐만 아니라 각 게임의 재미 요소별 강약점을 분석하여, 왜 어떤 게임은 성공적이며, 다른 게임들은 그렇지 않은가에 대한 이해를 제공할 수 있다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 제안된 MMORPG의 재미 평가 모델은 어떤 게임이 가장 재미있는 게임인지를 선정하는데 활용될 수 있으며, 궁극적으로는 보다 구체적인 재미 요소별 분석을 가능하게 하여 보다 재미있는 온라인 게임을 개발하는데 기여할 것이다. 그러나 다른 장르까지 확장하여 활용하기 위해서는 후속 연구가 뒷받침되어야 한다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.205-210
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• 2016

Interleukin-10 (IL10) plays an important role in initiating and maintaining an appropriate immune response to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Previous studies have revealed that the transcription of IL10 mRNA and its protein expression may be infl uenced by several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter and intron regions, including rs1800896, rs1800871, and rs1800872. However, the impact of polymorphisms of the IL10 gene on NHL prognosis has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the association between IL10 polymorphisms and NHL prognosis. This study involved 112 NHL patients treated at the National Cancer Center, Korea. The median age was 57 years, and 70 patients (62.5%) were men. Clinical characteristics, including age, performance status, stage, and extra-nodal involvement, as well as cell lineage and International Prognostic Index (IPI), were evaluated. A total of four polymorphisms in IL10 with heterozygous alleles were analyzed for hazard ratios of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most common histologic type (n = 83), followed by T-cell lymphoma (n = 18), mantle cell lymphoma (n = 6), and others (n = 5). Cell lineage, IPI, and extra-nodal involvement were predictors of prognosis. In the additive genetic model results for each IL10 polymorphism, the rs1800871 and rs1800872 polymorphisms represented a marginal association with OS (p = 0.09 and p = 0.06) and PFS (p = 0.05 and p = 0.08) in B-cell lymphoma patients treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). These findings suggest that IL10 polymorphisms might be prognostic indicators for patients with B-cell NHL treated with R-CHOP.

• Survey Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.89-112
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• 2012

This study aims to explore emotional closeness between grandparents and grandchildren in Korean families with a focus on the lineage. The effects of the geographical proximity and the normative aspect as well as intergenerational financial, instrumental, and emotional supports were taken into consideration to accounting for the grandparent-grandchildren affective solidarity. Research questions are addressed using the data of "Survey on Generational Solidarity and Differences in Cultural Experience and Perception in Korea", and a series of multinomial regression model were conducted. Findings indicate that the salient factor to boost grandchildren's affective solidarity with paternal grandparents is financial transfers between grandparents and parents. By contrast, all types of intergenerational supports affected grandchildren's emotional closeness toward maternal grandparents. Geographical proximity was associated with the affective solidarity between grandchildren and maternal grandparents. The effects of normative solidarity were not shown at both lineages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2001

Judging from the studies carried out by Dr. Jo, Yong Jin on the Koreans' faces, Koreans divided into two constitutions according to their facial features and heritages. The one population is the Northern lineage whose ancestor migrated from Siberia in ice age. In order to survive in cold climate, they have developed a high level of metabolic heat production. Cold adaptation for preventing heat loss results in a reduction in the facial surface area with small eyes, nose and lips. The other population is the Southern lineage who is the descent of native in Korean peninsular. They have big eyes with double edged eyelids, broad nose and thick lips. It is generally believed that both genetic and environmetal factors influence eating behaviors. Although we can't recognized their heritage that may contribute to the metabolism and eating behavior, we commonly recognize their physiological heritage acceding to their facial features. In order to investigate the relationship among the size and shape of facial feature, the eating behavior, anthropometric measurement in female college students, the eating behaviors was measured during an instant-noodle lunch eaten in a laboratory setting at the ambient temperature of $23^{\circ}C$. The anterior surface area of left eye and length of right eye were positively correlated with the difference between the peak postprandial and the meal-start core temperature. The surface area of lower lip also negatively correlated with the meal-start core temperature and meal duration. In addition, the total lips' area was positively correlated with the difference between the peak postprandial and the meal-start core temperature and negatively correlated with the meal duration. However anthropometric measurements were not related with the size of facial features.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2005

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts have the ability to renew themselves and to differentiate into cell types of all lineage. The present study was carried out to investigate whether the Wnt signaling pathway is related to maintaining self-renewal of hESCs. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK-3) inhibitor, BIO ((2'Z,3'E)-6-Bromoindirubin-3'-oxime) was treated to Miz-hES1 line for activation of Wnt signaling pathway. BIO-nontreated hESCs (control) and BID-treated hESCs were cultured for 5 days in the modified feeder-free system. During the culture of hESCs, differences were observed in the colony morphology between 2 groups. Controls were spread outwards whereas BIO-nontreated hESCs were clumped in the center and the differentiated cells were spreading outwards in the edges. The results of stem cell specific marker staining indicated that control were differentiated in large part whereas BIO-treated hESCs maintain self-renewal in the center of the colony. The results of lineage marker staining suggested that outer cells of the hESC colony were differentiated to the neuronal progenitor cells in both control and BIO-treated hESC. These results indicate that Wnt signaling is related to self-renewal in hESCs. In addition, control group showed higher composition of apoptotic cells $(23.76\%)$ than the BID-treated group $(5.59\%)$. These results indicate that BIO is effective on antapoptosis of hESCs.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.176-182
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• 2007

The natural treasure is not only a product of nature and but also a heritage we need to protect. Among natural treasures, because an animal and a plant have lives, one of them are sure to be disappeared. The natural treasure, Sok-ri mountain's Jungyeepoomsong is unique. It is the only alive tree which secure a government position. Currently the Jungyeepoomsong gets into difficulty because of natural disasters and insect attacks. In addition, it is in a critical condition of dying old since the age of the tree is over 600 years. The purpose of this paper is to investigate plans for tourism resources of the Jungyeepoomsong. Because the Jungyeepoomsong is a rare variety, it can be commercialized as a plant resource. Also, it can be used as the method of creating income for local residents. To achieve research objective, this paper proposes the plans of a lineage certification using a genetic analysis technology, a genealogical table control system utilizing purebred preservation and storytelling, a database construction between producers, sellers, and owners, a tourism event, a method of building Jungyeepoomsong's brand and preserving its value.