• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.97-118
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• 2004

A comparative anatomical and ultrastructural study was undertaken to investigare on the leaf epidermis by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On the basis of results from this study, it was grasped major characters of taxa and variation range of each character on the level of species, section and subgenus respectively. The shape of leaf epidermal cell was oblong to linear, which was varied by each taxon. Epidermal cell of taxa in sects. Microscordum, Anguinum, and Rhizirideum, which had wide leaf blade, oblong instead of linear shape in others examined taxa in this study. The leaf of taxa in sect. Anguinum was hypostomatic, while the rest of taxa had amphistomatic leaf. This was also one of characters which could discriminate taxa of sect. Anguinum from others. The guard cell in investigated taxa had not so much variation in the respect of its size. The number of stomata per unit area reduced by increasing size of epidermal cell, the fewest number of stomata per unit area was found in the taxa of sect. Anguinum. The type of stomatal apparatus of observed all taxa was anomocytic. It was found to know ultrastructural variation in the epidermal cell, like as patterns of sculpture on the cell wall, and features of deposition of wax by SEM. There were no depositions of wax in the taxa of sect. Microscordum and Anguinum, but fine thread-like structures which were parallel or cross to axis was found on the surface of epidermal cell respectively. The patterns of sculpture on the cell were prominent straight in sects. Recticulato-bulbosa and Rhizirideum, discontinuous line in the sect. Oreiprason. The epicuticular wax had been deposited on the surface of its epidermal cell in all taxa except sects. Microscordum and Anguinum.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.586-603
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• 2004

One of the subtle problems that make noise control difficult for engineers is “the invisibility of noise or sound.” The visual image of noise often helps to determine an appropriate means for noise control. There have been many attempts to fulfill this rather challenging objective. Theoretical or numerical means to visualize the sound field have been attempted and as a result, a great deal of progress has been accomplished, for example in the field of visualization of turbulent noise. However, most of the numerical methods are not quite ready to be applied practically to noise control issues. In the meantime, fast progress has made it possible instrumentally by using multiple microphones and fast signal processing systems, although these systems are not perfect but are useful. The state of the art system is recently available but still has many problematic issues : for example, how we can implement the visualized noise field. The constructed noise or sound picture always consists of bias and random errors, and consequently it is often difficult to determine the origin of the noise and the spatial shape of noise, as highlighted in the title. The first part of this paper introduces a brief history, which is associated with “sound visualization,” from Leonardo da Vinci's famous drawing on vortex street (Fig. 1) to modern acoustic holography and what has been accomplished by a line or surface array. The second part introduces the difficulties and the recent studies. These include de-Dopplerization and do-reverberation methods. The former is essential for visualizing a moving noise source, such as cars or trains. The latter relates to what produces noise in a room or closed space. Another mar issue associated this sound/noise visualization is whether or not Ivecan distinguish mutual dependence of noise in space : for example, we are asked to answer the question, “Can we see two birds singing or one bird with two beaks?"

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.420-427
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• 2017

'Pungwonmi', a new sweetpotato variety, was developed for table use by Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2014. This variety was derived from the cross between 'Benisatsuma' and 'Luby3074' in 2006. The seedling and line selections were performed from 2007 to 2009, and preliminary and advanced yield trials were carried out from 2010 to 2011. The regional yield trials were conducted at five locations from 2012 to 2014, and it was named as 'Pungwonmi'. This variety has cordate leaf shape, and its leaves, stems, nodes, and petioles are green. Storage root of 'Pungwonmi' has an elliptical shape, red skin, and light orange flesh. 'Pungwonmi' was moderately resistant to fusarium wilt, and resistant to root-knot nematode. Dry matter content was 31.2%, and texture of steamed storage root was intermediate. Total sugar content of raw and steamed storage roots of 'Pungwonmi' was higher than that of 'Yulmi'. ${\beta}$-carotene content of 'Pungwonmi' was 9.1 mg/100g DW. Yield of marketable storage root over 50 g of 'Pungwonmi' was 24.3 MT/ha under the early season culture, which was 46% higher than that of 'Yulmi'. The number of marketable storage roots per plant was 2.8 and the average weight of marketable storage root was 156 g under the optimal and late season culture. Marketable storage root yield of 'Pungwonmi' was 24.1 MT/ha under the optimum and late season culture, which was 26% higher than that of 'Yulmi'. (Registration No. 6428).

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.116
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• pp.1-31
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• 2010

This Article studies a meaning of geometrical-mathematical spatial idea in the source of modern theories of space. Modern theories of space elucidated a relation of human and space through the geometrical terms; point, line, plane and extension etc. Descartes and Newton identified space as a natural realty, Leibniz and Kant elucidated space as a subjective idea or form. It is the result of modern spatial theories that space is lied nearly in human. In the meaning of natural space, space is empirically unfolded with a shape of measuring in front of human's eyes. In the meaning of cognitional space, space is a method or subjective cognitional form that human understands nature and constitutes world. Modern theories of space would be divided into four patterns. In Newton's theory space is absolutely prior to things. In Leibniz' theory space is a co-existence order of Monads. In Descartes's theory space is identified with extension. In Kant's theory space is cognitional form of subject. They all are confronted with each other in the source of space. In their confrontation they reflected on the relation of human and space in their own standpoint. We classify their particularly differential concepts of space into natural space and cognitional space. And then we analyze a difference of spatial meanings, and then investigate foundations of meaning of modern theories of space. On the one hand they are become to the source of alienation of human from space. But on the other they are contributed to get space familiar with human through a wakening for the correlation of human and space. The natural space indicates that with measurable shape space is extended really in front of human's experiential eyes. But the cognitional space elucidates that space is only a subjective idea or form with which human understands nature and constructs world. In the former it is embossed that space is independent to human, and is able to be measured and to be treated according to natural raws. In the latter it is evidenced that space is not separated to human, and that space is not without human, and a correlation existed between human and space. Humanist ideal is declared in them. It was a declaration of human sovereignty to nature. But this declaration is caused to alienate human beings from space.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.4-21
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• 2018

This paper reviewed the legitimacy of the name of those sixteen pieces of hat artifacts known in Korean as pyeongjeongmo and currently housed by the National Palace Museum. This was undertaken in order to rectify the error of calling them pyeongjeongmo. Also, the paper suggested pyeongjeongmo's production method to apply representation of the artifacts or production of Joseon officials' hats as representation of ritual costumes in the royal court. The name pyeongjeongmo originated from pyeongjeonggeon. Gyeongguk Daejeon recorded that noksas wore yugak-pyeongjeonggeon and seoris wore mugak-pyeongjeonggeon, but the pyeongjeongmo artifacts housed in the National Palace Museum have been found irrelevant to those pyeongjeonggeons put on by both noksas and seoris. Rather, they has been confirmed as corresponding to dugeon or jogeon worn by byeolgams or suboks who served at the palace of the crown prince or princess. Through the investigation of the artifacts, the researchers could find out the tailoring and sewing methods, the finished look, and the folding manner of pyeongjeonggeon. Although the structure of pyeongjeonggeon was generally consistent, the frontal look was slightly different depending on the folding manner, resulting in three distinguished types of pyeongjeonggeon. Regardless, the pyeongjeongmo was made with one piece of fabric by a flat tailoring and folding method to create a three-dimensional hat. The finished shape appeared low in the front and high in the back side structure. The head girth was 55~59 cm, and the height was 19.4~21.5 cm. To make it with one piece of fabric, the head girth part was tailored in the same direction as the strands. Based on the artifact Changdeok 23820, this paper has also suggested a finished reproduction through the processes of preparing the materials, mounting, making the center ornaments, sewing and folding. The tailoring was completed with black silk fabric which was cut in a unique shape designed in advance, and hemp fabric which was mounted to the former. The top part of the head was finished with black threads, and the center line at the back was fixed with decolored cotton threads by blanket stitches with 3.5~4 cm intervals. Bamboo strands were inserted in the inside of the front-folded part, which then was fixed by patterned stitches with white cotton thread. At the back, a small bamboo clasp was attached so that one can lock it to the headband and prevent it from falling off.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.4-23
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to classify the types of tweezers used across time and to examine the social culture of periods through the use of tweezers. Chapter II summarized the terms for tweezers and looked at the use of tweezers in two cases related to the social culture and politics of a period. The first is the use of tweezers for beauty purposes. Men used tweezers as a kind of self-management to maintain their social status and power, and thus they helped develop a wide range of tweezers cultures. People with gray hair are usually old. The perception that we should step down from politics when we are aged has become strong. Therefore, politicians pulled out gray hairs with tweezers to maintain only black hair and show youth, which indicates that their social influence is still strong. The second is the use of tweezers for first aid. Chapter III classified tweezers by type during the Goryeo and Joseon periods. The tweezers are largely divided into basic and composite types. The basic type of tweezers is a form that has been continued since the Three Kingdoms Period and consists of tongs and handles, and a fixed type of tweezers with a fixed ring appeared. Composite tweezers are made by grafting earpick or multipurpose knives. Composite tweezers are all-in-one tweezers with an earpick and an all-in-one knife. Tweezers are usually all-in-one. Among the composite tweezers, rivet separation and ring separation are characterized by separation, unlike the all-in-one tweezers. The method of connecting is divided into rivets and connection rings. The all-in-one tweezers appear only during the Goryeo Dynasty and are characterized by the lifestyle that provides a glimpse of the tastes of contemporary users. The manufacturing takes shape after making a thin metal plate. Decorative techniques are carved on soft metal tweezers, such as silver and bronze with a line, point, and a pressed angle. These tweezers are presumed to have been used by the royal family or aristocrats. However, most tweezers are made of strong bronze or iron. Therefore, the majority of simple X-shaped patterns are sampled or without patterns. The biggest reason why there are such diverse types of tweezers is that the culture of tweezers was widespread regardless of the times. In addition, the basic type of tweezers has been used since the Three Kingdoms Period and has been modified and used together as necessary because the shape of tweezers is a practical daily tool. Study of metal crafts have been limited to royal objects and Buddhist crafts. We hope that research on everyday tools such as tweezers will continue to serve as an opportunity to examine the social and cultural aspects of the times in various ways.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.113-118
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• 2022

This study was conducted to diversify the cultivation of mushroom items and develop a competitive variety of Hypsizigus marmoreus. We focused on developing Hypsizigus marmoreus with lower bitterness, likable shape, and high yield. We have collected and tested characteristics of genetic resources from domestic and abroad since 2019. Breeding (2019), characterization (2020), productivity test (2021), and farm demonstration test (2021) have been sequentially conducted. We bred the new variety 'Yunseul' with unique traits. The optimal temperature for mycelial and fruit body growth were 22-25℃ and 15-18℃, respectively. It was similar to the control variety (Mangadak-2Ho) in the pileus form (hemispherical shape) and the cultivation period. However, it was thinner and longer than the control variety with the pileus diameter, thickness, stipe diameter, and length being 19.9 mm, 7.0 mm, 9.4 mm, and 86.3 mm, respectively. The effective number of fruit bodies was 47.8 in bottle cultivation, which was more than that of the control variety. The yield was 197.4 g/bottle (1,100 cc), which was 30% higher than the yield of the control variety, 151.9 g/bottle (1,100 cc). The parent and control varieties were also incubated alongside the new variety. The somatic incompatibility line was distinct. The band pattern in the mycelial DNA PCR reaction was different from that of the parent and control varieties, confirming the hybrid species.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.101-186
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• 1996

The clinical application of constitutional Diagnosis is the most important part of Sasang constitutional medicine. It has been studied in various way. However, the study of morphologic characteristics on the face is applied for the first time. For quantitative analysis of the correlation between the sasang constitution and the shape of the face, the head-facial part of 170 cases were measured by Martin's measurement and analysis of a) the measurement value of height and the component ratio from the Gnathion to each part of face by constitution. b) the measurement value of depth and the component ratio from T-projected to each part of the face by constitution. c) the measurement value of breadth and component ratio between each parts of the facial breadth by constitution. d) the ratio of square on every part of face by constitution. e) the characteristics on each part of the face by constitution. f) the contour line of the forehead. g) the result of discriminant analysis about the constitution. Authors obtained the results from the study as follows; 1. The characteristics of Taeum-IN (1) The measurement value of Height, Breadth, T-Projected had a tendency to maximum value in general. (2) The value of lower opthal height and the square of lower opthal part was maximum. (3) The value of Pronasal T-projected length and Subnasal T-projected length was minimum, so Taeum-In has characteristics of depression in middle face, nasal part. (4) In the ratio of Breadth, T-Projected, T-Projected was minimum. (5) It was maximum that the square of nose, Alare, Middle face, Lower face and it was minimum that the square of eye. The square of nose, Alare, Middle facc, Lower face was maximum and the square of eye was minimum. (6) The curvature of the eyebrow was minimum. (7) The projection of jaw (Pogonion T-projection length) was maximum. (8) The breadth of eye was minimum. (9) There was a tendency that the projection of the forehead to the right in general. 2. The characteristics of Soeum-In (1) In all cases of projected length the measurement value was minimum. (2) The value of lower opthal height and the square of lower opthal part was minimum. (3) By the Pupulare T-projected length, the value of Pronasal T-projected length and Subnasal T-projected length was minimum, so the Soeum In's face shape is flat. (4) The square of eye, mouth, forehead was maximum and the square of nose, Alare, Middle face, Lower face was minimum. (5) The curvature of the eyebrow was maximum. (6) The projection of mouth was minimum. (7) The jaw was flat. (8) The breadth of eye was maximum. (9) There was a tendency that the projection of the forehead to the left in general. 3. The characteristics of Soyang-In. (1) In most cases of 고경 length the measurement value was minimum. (2) By the Pupulare T-projected length, each ratio of projected length was maximum, so the Soyang-In's face shape has many protrusions (3) In the ratio of Breadth, T-Projected, T-Projected was maximum. (4) The square of mouth was minimum. (5) The inclination of the forehead was minimum. (6) The projection of mouth was maximum. (7) The breadth of eye was minimum. (8) There was a tendency that the projection of the forehead to the left in general. (9) The middle face was protruded. 4. Discriminant about the constitution. According to the result of discriminant, the accuracy probability of discriminant was 85.58% in total and Taeum-In was 90.5%, Soeum-In was 70.8%, Soyang-In was 89.5%. The accuracy probability of discriminant about 3 constitutional group increased by 49.03% than the accident probility 36.55% 5. Suggestion (1) The study which gather and analysis the data should be continued. (2) The study which subdivide the characteristics of each part of the face by the constitution should be continued. (3) The analysis method about Moire should be supplement. (4) The study about the morphologic characteristics of the whole body should be continued. (5) Computer program of constitution diagnosis should be developed. (6) To increase utility of this method, the measurement should be automation.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.281-291
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• 2006

The aim of this study was performed the clinical test using Netspeg lens for good visual acuity on subjects with abnormal refraction status. The subjects of one hundreds adults (fifty males, fifty females, mean=21 years, range=19 to 24) were recorded. The subjects were researched the history including the systemic health, medication, genetics, allergy, systemic disease and ocular disease. The refraction test was recorded the monocular and binocular using objective method. Visual acuity was performed the binocular status using the Netspeg lens and CR-39. Stereopsis test was performed the titmus fly and TNO at near distance using Netspeg lens and CR-39. The P-VEP test was used the 16 pattern size(Bausch Lomb, production in USA) with three channels. Also Subjects viewed the p-vep stimulus with binocular vision through the corrected visual acuity using the Netspeg lens and CR-39. The contrast sensitivity test was performed the contrast sensitivity chart(pelli-Robertson, USA) at 1m distance using the Netspeg lens and CR-39. The ultrastructure of surface on the Netspeg lens and CR-39 was observed the SEM(JMS-5800, made in Japan). The results of this study was as follows: 1. In corrected visual acuity of abnormal refraction using the Netspeg lens and CR-39, the Netspeg lens wearer were acquired the good visual field and clear visual acuity comparative to CR-39 wearer in the subject vision test. however the comfort of visual acuity was similar results in the Netspeg lens and CR-39. Also the subjects of Netspeg lens wearer was good visual acuity more than CR-39 wearer and in the analysis of P-VEP, the amplitude of wave on Netspeg lens used appears to be better through the CR-39(p>0.5). Besides, on the contrast sensitivity, the Netspeg lens wearer was good results than CR-39. The value on stereopsis with TNO by Netspeg lens wearer was better than CR-39 in results. However, in the stereopsis test with Titmus, the Netspeg lens and CR-39 wearer was similar results. 2. The ultrastructure of Netspeg lens surface was the smooth and fine shape more than CR-39. Also, Netspeg lens have a fine line structure in ultrastructure. In conclusion, the results of this study conformed that the surface ultrastructure of Netspeg lens used is more specific pin hole design structure than CR-39. This study indicated that the vision of Netspeg lens used have a better than CR-39 in the corrected visual acuity for abnormal refraction eye. Therefore, In this paper, we suggested that the ultrastructure and line structure of Netspeg lens was related to good visual function. However the visual function of the aspheric Netspeg and ultra waterproof Netspeg lens was similar results.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.5 s.64
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• pp.743-760
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• 1997

This study was done to evaluate the correlations between the size, the form of the cranial base, head posture and the horizontal and vertical position of craniofacial structures. For this purpose, 100 cephalometric radiographs were taken from the sample composed of 51 male and 49 female, 12 measurement criteria and 37 reference points were established and digitized, then calculation was performed for the values of measurement variables and the horizontal and vertical position of reference points. The correlations be4ween them were analyzed statistically and mean facial diagrams were constructed and compared with the selected groups which were composed of 10 Samples each as large and small group from the measurement value. The following results were obtained: 1. The angles n-s-ba and n-s-ar as variables for the ion of cranial base correlated highly to the horizontal and vertical position of reference points in the cervical column with statistical significance($0.1\%$ level). 2. The angles n-s-ba and n-s-ar as variables for the form of cranial base correlated to the horizontal position of the reference points in the facial structure with statistical significance($1\%$ level), but not to the vertical position of them($5\%$ level). 3. The length n-s, s-ba, and n-ar as variables for the size of cranial base were correlated th the position of craniofacial structures in various ways, but in general, highly correlated to the horizontal and vertical position of midfacial structures around the teeth and alveolar area. 4. the angle NSL/CVT and NSL/OPT as postural variables tot the inclination of cranial base and cervical column were correlated to the horizontal position of the craniofacial structures with statistical significance($1\%$ level), but not to the vortical position of them($5\%$ level). 5. The angle OPT/HOR and CVT/HOR as postural variables lot the inclination of cranial base and true horizontal line were not correlated to the horizontal and vertical position of the craniofacial structures with statistical significance($5\%$ level). 6. The correlation between the measurement variables and horizontal and vortical positions of the reference poits in soft tissue were shown as similar to the related hard tissue points.