• 철학연구
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• 제141권
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• pp.167-185
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• 2017

주희(朱熹)는 정이가 제기한 '리일분수(理一分殊)'의 명제를 계승하여 십 수년의 노력을 기울인 후에 최종적으로 "서명해(西銘解)"를 지었다. 이로부터 '리일분수(理一分殊)'의 사상은 "서명(西銘)"을 해석하는 모델이 되었으며, "서명(西銘)"의 기조(基調)를 확정하는 역할을 하게 되었다. '리일분수론(理一分殊論)'은 처음에는 "서명(西銘)"의 윤리학적 의의를 표현하는 명제였다. 그런데 주희(朱熹)의 일생을 통해 볼 때 '리일분수론(理一分殊論)'은 단순히 "서명(西銘)"의 윤리학적 의의에 국한되지 않고, 보편적인 철학적 의의를 포함하며, 사물의 일반과 특수의 관계를 표현하는 데에도 사용되었다. 전자는 협의의 '리일분수론(理一分殊論)'이고, 후자는 광의의 '리일분수론(理一分殊論)'이라고 할 수 있다. 이 글에서는 광의적인 리일분수론(理一分殊論)에 대해서는 논하지 않고, 주희(朱熹)가 확립한 "서명(西銘)"을 해석하는 모델로서의 협의의 리일분수론(理一分殊論)을 연구 대상으로 삼고자 한다. 학술계의 선행연구 중에서 어떤 학자들은 '리일분수(理一分殊)'의 명제가 "서명(西銘)"의 의미와 일치한다고 생각하지만, 다른 어떤 학자들은 일치하지 않는다고 주장한다. 이러한 두 종류의 사고방식은 확연히 상반되는 입장이다. 이 글에서는 리일분수(理一分殊) 사상에 의한 주희(朱熹)의 "서명(西銘)" 해석이 어떤 부분에서는 "서명(西銘)" 본래의 뜻과 일치하기도 하지만, 또다른 어떤 부분에서는 서로 부합하지 않는 곳도 있다는 입장을 견지한다. 달리 말하면, 주희(朱熹)가 리일분수론(理一分殊論)으로 "서명(西銘)"을 해석할 때, '공헌(貢獻)'과 '제한('制限)'의 의미를 동시에 지닌다는 것이다. 즉, 리일분수론(理一分殊論)에 의한 주희(朱熹)의 "서명(西銘)" 해석은 그 의미를 확장시킨 부분도 있지만, "서명(西銘)" 본래의 목표로부터 멀어진 부분도 있다는 의미이다.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제28호
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• pp.297-329
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• 2010

이 논문은 박세당(朴世堂)의 『신주도덕경(新註道德經)』과 하야시라잔(林羅山)의 『노자초해(老子抄解)』 비교 연구를 위한 기본 자료를 정리한 정리형 논문이다. 필자는 '박세당의 『신주도덕경』과 하야시라잔의 『노자초해(老子抄解)』비교 연구'에서 주목했던 점은 첫 번째, "박세당과 하야시라잔 둘 모두 당면한 시대의 사상적 도그마를 극복하려고 했다는 점"이며, 두 번째, "박세당과 하야시라잔이 지향한 공통적 사유, 곧 '기성의 질서를 넘어서'라는 사상적 도전 과정에 그들의 『노자』 주석이 그 역할의 일부를 수행하고 있다"라는 것이다. 하야시라잔의 『노자』 해석은 임희일의 『노자권재구의』로부터 많은 영향을 받고 있으며, 노장 이해도 임희일의 연장선에 있었던 것으로 보인다. 하야시라잔은 『노자』에 대한 유가적 해석을 견지하고 있는 반면, 『장자』에 대해서는 유가적으로 해석하려는 어떠한 시도도 하지 않았다. 결국 하야시라잔에게 있어서 '임희일의 노장 이해에 대한 반전'은 일어나지 않았던 것이다. 하야시라잔의 도가 사상 수용은 일차적으로는 '『노자』 수용'을 의미하며 좀 더 세밀하게 지적한다면 '도가 일반'이나 '『노자』 일반'이 아닌 특정한 하나의 관점 곧 '임희일의 『노자권재구의』'를 수용했던 것이라고 이해할 수 있다. 반면 박세당의 『신주도덕경』은 임희일 주석에 대한 의존도가 높지 않다. 그는 『노자』와 『장자』에 대한 유가적 해석을 진행하면서 유가 경전이나 임희일의 주석을 답습하는 간접적 해석 방식을 지양하고 유가와 도가의 사상적 공유지점을 '수신치인(修身治人)'으로 지목하고, 이어서 『장자』「제물론」 성심(成心)의 개념적 내포를 성선론적 성(性)의 개념적 내포와 동치시키는 보다 직접적 방식을 통해서 도가 경전에 대한 유가적 해석을 진행하고 있다'라고 정리할 수 있을 것이다. 그리고 임희일이나 하야시라잔이 '유가적 입장에서 『노자』를 수용했던 것과 달리 박세당은 유가적 입장에서 『노자』와 『장자』를 수용했다고 비교 정리할 수 있을 것이다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.1537-1540
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• 2013

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3717-3721
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• 2012

Purpose: Any association between the CYP1A1 Ile462Val polymorphism and endometrial cancer risk remains inconclusive. For a more precise estimate, we performed the present meta-analysis. Methods: PUBMED, OVID and EMBASE were searched for the studies which met inclusion criteria. Data in all eligible studies were evaluated and extracted by two authors independently. The meta-analysis estimated pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for endometrial cancer risk attributable to the CYP1A1 Ile462Val polymorphism. Results: A total of 7 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated no association between endometrial cancer risk and the CYP1A1 Ile462Val polymorphism (for Val vs Ile allele model [OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.73-1.62]; for Val.Val vs Ile.Ile genotype model [OR 1.54, 95% CI 0.56-4.23]; for (Ile.Val + Val.Val) vs Ile.Ile genotpye model [OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.71-1.63]; for Val.Val vs (Ile.Ile + Ile.Val) genotype model [OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.53-4.04]). Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that there is no association between endometrial cancer risk and the CYP1A1 Ile462Val polymorphism.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2013

The AML1 gene is an essential transcription factor regulating the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into mature blood cells. Though at least 12 different alternatively spliced AML1 mRNAs are generated, three splice variants (AML1a, AML1b and AML1c) have been characterized. Here, using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with outward-facing primers, we identified a novel non-polyadenylated transcript from the AML1 gene, with exons 5 and 6 scrambled. The novel transcript resisted RNase R digestion, indicating it is a circular RNA structure that may originate from products of mRNA alternative splicing. The expression of the novel transcript in different cells or cell lines of human and a number of other species matched those of the canonical transcripts. The discovery provides additional evidence that circular RNA could stably exist in vivo in human, and may also help to understand the mechanism of the regulation of the AML1 gene transcription.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2006

The beneficial effects of graduated compression stockings (GCS) in prophylaxis and treatment of venous disorders of human lower extremity have been recognized. However, their pressure functional performances are variable and unstable in practical applications, and the exact mechanisms of action remain controversial. Direct surface pressure measurements and indirect material properties testing are not enough for fully understanding the interaction between stocking and leg. A three dimensional (3D) biomechanical mathematical model for numerically simulating the interaction between leg and GCS in dynamic wear was developed based on the actual geometry of the female leg obtained from 3D reconstruction of MR images and the real size and mechanical properties of the compression stocking prototype. The biomechanical solid leg model consists of bones and soft tissues, and an orthotropic shell model is built for the stocking hose. The dynamic putting-on process is simulated by defining the contact of finite relative sliding between the two objects. The surface pressure magnitude and distribution along the different height levels of the leg and stress profiles of stockings were simulated. As well, their dynamic alterations with time processing were quantitatively analyzed. Through validation, the simulated results showed a reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements, and the simulated pressure gradient distribution from the ankle to the thigh (100:67:30) accorded with the advised criterion by the European committee for standardization. The developed model can be used to predict and visualize the dynamic pressure and stress performances exerted by compression stocking in wear, and to optimize the material mechanical properties in stocking design, thus, helping us understand mechanisms of compression action and improving medical functions of GCS.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.251-262
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• 2014

This article is for understanding dementia with the perspective of Korean Medicine through research on syndrome differentiations of dementia clinically applied and relations between modern diseases and Korean Medicine pattern types of dementia. clinical papers were searched in China Academic Journals(CAJ) of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) from 2012 to 2013. Conclusions are as follows. First, dementia was expressed in many ways such as imbecility, stupidity, fatuity, idiocy, vacuity, etc and was related with amnesia, forgetfulness, speech not in the right order, depressive psychosis(quiet insanity), manic psychosis, depression syndrome. Second, prescriptions such as QiFuYin and ZuoGuiWan from JingYueQuanShu, XiXinTang and ZhiMiTang from BianZhengLu, TongQiaoHuoXueTang, XueFuZhuYuTang and BuYangHaiWuTang from YiLinGaiCuo, HaiShaoDan from YiFangJiJie, HuangLianJieDuTang from WaiTaiMiYao were suggested for dementia. Third, syndrome differentiation pattern types of dementia are kidney deficiency and marrow decrease, qi-blood depletion, liver-kidney depletion, spleen-kidney depletion, heart-spleen deficiency as deficiency patterns and effulgent heart-liver fire, ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang, qi stagnation and blood stasis, phlegm turbidity obstructing orifice, phlegm-blood stasis obstructing orifice, intense heat toxin as excess patterns and qi deficiency with blood stasis, yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity as deficiency-excess complex patterns. Major pattern types are kidney deficiency and marrow decrease, phlegm-blood stasis obstructing orifice, qi stagnation and blood stasis, liver-kidney depletion, phlegm turbidity obstructing orifice.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.322-331
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• 2005

Graduated compression stockings (GCS) have been widely used for the prophylaxis and treatment of venous diseases. Their gradient pressure function largely related to their fabric structure and material properties. By combing fabric physical testing and wear trials, this study investigated the GCSs fabric structure and material properties at different locations along the stocking hoses, and quantitatively analyzed the effects of fabrics on skin pressure longitudinal and transverse distributions. We concluded that, Structural characteristics and material properties of stocking fabrics were not uniform along the hoses, but a gradual variation from ankle to thigh regions, which significantly influenced the corresponding skin pressure gradient distributions; Tensile (WT, EM) and shearing properties (G) generated most significant differences among ankle, knee and thigh regions along the stocking hose, which significantly influenced the skin pressure lognitudinal gradient distribution. More material indices generating significant gradual changes occurred in the fabric wale direction along stocking hose, meaning that materials properties in wale direction would exert more important impact on the skin pressure gradient performances. And, the greater tensibility and smoother surface of fabric in wale direction would contribute to put stocking on and off, and facilitate wearers' leg extension-flexion movements. The indices of WT and EM of stocking fabrics in series A have strong linear correlations with skin pressure lognitudinal distribution, which largely related to their better performances in gradual changes of material properties. Skin pressure applied by fabric with same material properties produced pronounced differences among four different directions around certain cross-sections of human leg, especially at the ankle region; and, the skin pressure magnitudes at ankle region were more easily influenced by the materials properties, which were considered to be largely related to the anatomic structure of human leg.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5517-5523
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• 2012

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonograph and fine-needle aspiration cytologic examination (USG-FNAC) in the staging of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients.Methods: We conducted an electronic search of the literature addressing the performance of USG-FNAC in diagnosis of axillary lymph node metastasis in databases such as Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Ovid and Cochrane library. We introduced a series of diagnostic test indices to evaluate the performance of USG-FNAC by the random effect model (REM), including sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratios and area under the curve (AUC). Results: A total of 20 studies including 1371 cases and 1289 controls were identified. The pooled sensitivity was determined to be 0.66 (95% CI 0.64-0.69), specificity 0.98 (95% CI 0.98-0.99), positive likelihood ratio 22.7 (95% CI 15.0-34.49), negative likelihood ratio 0.32 (95% CI 0.25-0.41), diagnostic OR 84.2 (95% CI 53.3-133.0). Due to the marginal threshold effect found in some indices of diagnostic validity, we used a summary SROC curve to aggregate data, and obtained a symmetrical curve with an AUC of 0.942. Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis indicated that the USG-FNAC techniques have acceptable diagnostic validity indices and can be used for early staging of axillary lymph node in breast cancer patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1959-1964
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• 2015

Purpose: To investigate the distribution of liver cancer mortality as well as its developing trend from 1991 to 2012, forecast the future five-year trend, and provide a basis for the comprehensive prevention and management. Materials and Methods: Mortality data for liver cancer in China from 1991 to 2012 were used to describe characteristics and distribution of liver cancer mortality. Trend surface analysis was used to study the geographical distribution of liver cancer mortality. Curve estimation, time series modeling, gray modeling (GM) and joinpoint regression were used to predict and forecast future trends. Results: The mortality rate of liver cancer has constantly increased in China since 1991. Rates in rural areas are higher than in urban areas, and in males are higher than in females. In addition, our data predicted that the trend will continue to increase in the next 5 years. The age-specific mortality of liver cancer increases with age and peaks in the group of 80-84 years old. Geographical analysis showed the liver mortality rate was higher in the southeast provinces, such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong, and southwest regions like Guangxi Province. Conclusions: The standardized mortality rate of liver cancer in China has consistently increased from 1991 to 2012, and the upward trend is predicted to continue in the future. Much better prevention and management of liver cancer is needed in high mortality areas (the southwestern and southeastern parts of China) and high mortality age groups (80- to 84-year-olds), especially in rural areas.