• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.39-45
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• 1994

스치로폴은 발포폴리스티렌(EPS : Expanded Poly-Styrene)을 말하며, 이것은 스티렌모노머(Stone Monomer)를 중합하여 만든 플리스티렌과 여기에 첨가한 발포제가 주원료로 되어 있다. 폴리스티렌은 1930년대에 미국과 독일에서 공업화되었고 스치로폴은 1943년 초에 미국에서 공업화가 이루어져 건물의 단열재, 물품포장재 등으로 이용되어 왔다. 1972년에는 노르웨이에서 연약지반상 교량의 접속도로 보수공사에 처음 스치로폴 성토공법이 이용되어 교대의 측방유동 방지대책으로 성공을 거둠에 따라 연약지반상의 경량성 토재 및 토압을 받는 옹벽, 교대 등 구조물의 경량 뒷채움재로서 각광을 받게 되었다. 한편 우리나라에서는 1994. 6월에 한국지반 공학회 주최로 개최된 "발포폴리스티렌(EPS) 이용 성토공법 국제심포지엄"에서 양산-구포간 고속도로성토(L=70m) 및 서해안고속도로의 교대 뒷채움에 스치로폴 경량성토재가 이용된 문헌이 발표된 바 있으며, 시중에서 단열재용으로 판매되고 있는 스티로폴 평판의 규격은 표 1과 같다. 스치로폴은 그 가격이 비싼 편이지만 단위중량(20-40kgf/m$^3$)이 흑의 50/1-100/1 밖에 안되는 초경량재로서 강도, 내구성 및 시공성이 우수한 성토용 신재료이기 때문에 연약지반상에서 구조물 시공시 지반의 과대한 침하, 측방유동 및 사면활동 등이 생길 경우 도로성 토재 또는 교대, 옹벽 등 구조물의 뒷채움재로서 스치로폴을 사용하면 이를 방지할 수 있으므로 매우 효과적인 토목자재라 할 수 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 지금까지의 연구결과, 시험시공 및 시공실적 등을 토대로 발표된 참고문헌을 중심으로 연약지반상 스치로폴 성토공법의 설계방법에 대하여 간단히 소개하고자 한다. 소개하고자 한다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.447-464
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• 2015

Millions of scrap tires are discarded annually in Turkey. The bulk of which are currently landfilled or stockpiled. These tires consume valuable landfill space or if improperly disposed, create a fire hazard and provide a prolific breeding ground for rats and mosquitoes. Used tires pose both a serious public and environmental health problem which means that economically feasible alternatives for scrap tire disposal must be found. Some of the current uses of scrap tires are tire-derived fuel, creating barrier reefs and as an asphalt additive in the form of crumb rubber. However, there is a much need for the development of additional uses for scrap tires. One development the creation of shreds from scrap tires that are coarse grained, free draining and have a low compacted density thus offering significant advantages for use as lightweight subgrade fill and backfill material. This paper reports a comprehensive laboratory study that was performed to evaluate the use of a shredded tire-sand mixture as a backfill material in trench conditions. A steel frame test tank with glass walls was created to replicate a classical trench section in field conditions. The results of the test demonstrated that shredded tires mixed with sand have a definite potential to be effectively used as backfill material for buried pipe installations.

• Atmosphere
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.519-530
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• 2010

In this paper we review current research on Atmospheric Brown Clouds (ABCs) with lightweight Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and miniaturized instruments. The UAV technology for in-situ measurements, including aerosol concentration, aerosol size distribution, aerosol absorption, cloud drop size distribution, solar radiation fluxes (visible and broadband), and spectral radiative fluxes, is a leading-edge technology for cost-effective atmospheric sounding, which can fill the gap between the ground measurement and satellite observation. The first experimental observation with UAVs in Korea, Cheju ABC Plume Monsoon Experiment (CAPMEX), conducted during summer 2008 revealed that the Beijing plumes exerted a strong positive influence on the net warming and fossil-fuel-dominated black-carbon plumes were approximately 100% more efficient warming agents than biomass-burning-dominated plumes. Long-term sustainable routine UAV measurements will eventually provide truly three-dimensional data of ABCs, which is necessary for the better understanding of their climate impacts and for the improvement of numerical models for air pollution, weather forecast and climate change.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2002

This paper presents the engineering property of light weight soil made of soil mixed with recycled Styrofoam and stabilizer. Recycled Styrofoam is widely used for lightweight fill material because it has important geotechnical characteristics which are light, adiabatic, and effective for vibration interception. It is very easy to get the disposal styrofoam. For this study, dynamic compaction test, static compaction test and pH and leaching tests were performed. Based on the test results, it is concluded that the static compaction method is recommened to prevent from crushing materials and pH values of embankment materials are satisfied with these of domestic and RCRA configuration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.262-263
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• 2005

Pt counter electrode based on flexible metal for dye-sensitized solar cells(DSCs) has been investigated. Photovoltaic structures on lightweight substrates have several advantages over the heavy glass-based structures in both terrestrial and space applications. Cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy were used to investigate electrochemical properties of Pt counter electrode both FTO glass and SUS sheet substrate. The DSCs composed of the counter electrode based on a stainless steel substrate has obtained conversion efficiencies comparable to that based on the conducting glass. The counter electrode based on the stainless steel substrate has the merit of improving the fill factor and conversion efficiency of the DSCs by reducing its internal resistance.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.249-262
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• 2014

Tire chips and tire chips-soil mixtures can be used as alternative fill material in many civil engineering applications. In this study, the potential benefits of using tire chips as lightweight material to improve the bearing capacity and the settlement behavior of sand slope was investigated experimentally. For this aim, a series of direct shear and model loading tests were conducted. In direct shear tests, the effect of contents of the tire chips on the shear strength parameters of sand was investigated. Different mixing ratios of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% by volume were used and the optimum mixing ratio was obtained. Then, laboratory model tests were performed on a model strip footing on sand slope reinforced with randomly distributed tire chips. The loading tests were carried out on sand slope with relative density of 65% and the slope angle of $30^{\circ}C$. In the loading tests the percentage of tire chips to sand was taken as same as in direct shear tests. The results indicated that at the same loading level the settlement of strip footing on sand-tire chips mixture was about 30% less than in the case of pure sand. Addition of tire chips to sand increases BCR (bearing capacity ratio) from 1.17 to 1.88 with respect to tire chips content. The maximum BCR is attained at tire chips content of 10%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2022

The demand for metal-polymer joining technology have been increasing, especially in the industrial fields of automotive and aerospace, which require the manufacturing of various lightweight parts. Conventional joining processes have technical hurdles on aspects such as thermal degradation, need for chemical surface treatment, or complicated process settings. These issues can be alleviated by employing interlocking structures for the metal-polymer joined interface. In this study, we joined 3D-printed metal and polymer parts, which were featured with 3D-printed interlocking structures at their interface. By using high frequency induction heating, the joined region could be locally heated to reduce the thermal degradation and distortion of polymer parts. In addition, through the adjustment of interface morphologies and compression conditions, the polymer flow could be optimized to completely fill the interlocking grooves on metal parts, thereby achieving high joining strength. This suggests feasible guidelines for manufacturing metal-polymer joined structures involving 3D-printed architectures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.511-522
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• 2014

In this study, an innovative steel stair system is presented which enables rapid erection and high quality control in both residential and office building construction. This system features two lightweight steel stringers of box shape, bolted connections easy to absorb construction tolerance, and stair steps movable transversely (or sliding steps) such that the work space needed for concrete stairway wall could be easily provided. In this type of stairway system, other than providing robust connecting details, ensuring vibration performance is especially important since this system may be vibration-sensitive due to lightweight nature and/or probable low damping. To tackle these issues, a series of full-scale mock-up tests were conducted by using box-shape stringer members with or without concrete-fill. The connection system was shown to be sufficiently stiff and strong, or it remained elastic even under the 160% of service load level. Among the seven stringer alternatives, five exhibited satisfactory vibration performance according to the related North American and European acceptance criteria.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.5.1-5.1
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• 2009

Organic photovoltaic (OPV)cells have attracted considerable attention due to their potential for flexible, lightweight, and low-cost application of solar energy conversion. Since a 1% power conversion efficiency (PCE) OPV based on a single donor-acceptor heterojunction was reported by Tang, the PCE has steadily improved around 5%. It is well known that a high parallel (shunt)resistance and a low series resistance are required simultaneously to achieve ideal photovoltaic devices. The device should be free of leakage current through the device to maximize the parallel resistance. The series resistance is attributed to the ohmic loss in the whole device, which includes the bulk resistance and the contact resistance. The bulk resistance originated from the bulk resistance of the organic layer and the electrodes; the contact resistance comes from the interface between the electrodes and the active layer. Furthermore, it has been reported that the bulk resistance of the indium tin oxide (ITO) of the devices dominates the series resistance of OPVs for a large area more than $0.01\;cm^2$. Therefore, in practical application, the large area of ITO may significantly reduce the device performance. In this work, we investigated the effect of sheet resistance ($R_{sh}$) of deposited ITO on the performance of OPVs. It was found that the device performance of polythiophene-fullerene (P3HT:PCBM) bulk heterojunction OPVs was critically dependent on Rsh of the ITO electrode. With decreasing $R_{sh}$ of the ITO from 39 to $8.5\;{\Omega}/{\square}$, the fill factor (FF) of OPVs was dramatically improved from 0.407 to 0.580, resulting in improvement of PCE from $1.63{\pm}0.2$ to $2.5{\pm}0.1%$ underan AM1.5 simulated solar intensity of $100\;mW/cm^2$.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

Purpose: Foam concrete is the concrete that contains large amount of air voids inside. In general, the density of foam concrete depends on parameters like water/binder ratio, foam volume, aggregate and pozzolan content, etc. Method: In this study, the effect of foam volume and fly ash content on dry density is investigated intensively in order to find the relationship between each parameter and their abilities to counteract with each other. According to the above information, though there are quite a number of studies on the effect micro fiber on foam concrete at low volume fractions, there is still lack of information especially on the high fiber content side. The objective of the second study is to investigate further on the use of micro fiber at higher volume fraction and fill in the lacking information. Beside from this study, the investigation of the effect of micro-fiber (polypropylene) to enhance the properties of foam concrete is also carried out. Result: Of the two variables that are investigated in this study, the foam volume and the fly ash content, show significant effect on the properties of foam concrete. The foam volume tends to decrease the density and strength of foam concrete. In the second part of our study, a large fibre volume fraction is proved to be able to evidently increase the flexural strength of foam concrete up to about 40% due to the effect of fibre bridging over the crack and a significant number of fibres that intercepts the crack surfaces. However, the compressive strength is found to decrease severely due to the occurrence of large pores as the result of fibre being added into concrete mixture.