• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.23-31
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• 2023

In this study, a smart bench was developed and researched smart benches that can contribute to user convenience and satisfaction by installing them in parks, bus stops, and tourist attractions in line with the rapidly changing construction of smart cities. The smart bench is automatically operated by the control system according to the external temperature and provides additional functions such as charging, lighting, and advertising to improve general bench functions as well as heating in winter and cooling in summer, making it suitable for smart urbanization. The developed smart bench is designed to be strong enough to withstand loads of about 2,500 N. It minimizes the visible parts such as assembled bolts and 220V power supply wires, It can also give aesthetic effects. The development was carried out with the aim of waterproofing and dustproofing of IP44 grade in accordance with the climate of Republic of Korea, which has four seasons, and it is advantageous for long-term use because the paint was selected for the weather ability (discoloration) grade 3 or higher. If smart bench is commercialized, it is believed that various options can be provided to the smart bench market, where buyers had few product options, as the parts were developed in an assembled type so that all functions can be responded in an optional form according to the installation environment and the buyer's budget.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.575-581
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• 2024

Insect pests are a significant threat to stored crops and can lead to considerable economic losses and reduced crop quality. Traditional pest control methods often involve chemical treatments, which have adverse environmental and health effects. This study evaluated the effectiveness of controlling the environment using LED lighting and plant-derived odor barriers as a dual strategy for insect pest control. The storage environment was altered using LED lights that emitted specific wavelengths (580-585 nm) and by reducing other wavelengths (300-500 nm). This light environment was combined with an insect odor barrier derived from Cinnamomum verum, Illicium verum, and Artemisia annua, and their duel impact on the behavior and frequency of insect pests under real storage conditions was determined. The findings revealed significant changes in the frequencies of various insect orders, indicating differential responses to light wavelengths and odor barriers. Notably, the introduction of an anti-insect light and odor barrier environment reduced Diptera and Hemiptera frequencies, which could potentially reduce pest intrusion. The results underscore the potential use of integrated light and odor barriers as a noninvasive and environmentally friendly approach to pest management. This study identifies the specific wavelengths and odor combinations that effectively deter insect pests and contribute to the development of more efficient and sustainable pest control methods. It also highlights the importance of understanding insect behavior and frequency changes in response to novel deterrent strategies.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2024.07a
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• pp.1035-1040
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• 2024

South Korea has seen an increased demand for road maintenance, since they experienced a rapid industrialization in 1960-70s. Between 2019 and the end of 2022, the total national expenditure on road maintenance steadily rose from KRW 3.4 trillion to KRW 4.5 trillion. Roads, responsible for about 80% of the nation's transportation, significantly affect ride quality, safety and maintenance costs. Among the different perspectives, this study focuses on the prevalence of potholes. Over 24,000 pothole instances are reported on highways in the past five years, which raises concerns due to various direct and indirect effects on road maintenance and safety issues. Various methods, including vision-based, vibration-based, and 3D reconstruction-based techniques, have been proposed for pothole detection and inspection. Vision-based methods effectively count and measure pothole shapes but which are sensitive to lighting conditions. Vibration-based methods offer cost-effectiveness, although it may not provide precise pothole shape information. 3D reconstruction-based methods deliver accurate shape measurements, while it comes with higher costs. To establish an effective road maintenance system, prioritization criteria for potholes is required to be established and applied. These criteria may vary across countries or regions. For example, in the United States, potholes are classified based on depth into Low (<25mm deep), Moderate (25 to 50mm deep), and High (>50mm deep). In conclusion, this research addresses this research challenge of road damage and potholes in South Korea by exploring various pothole classification standards and utilizing advanced technology to develop an efficient road maintenance system. The outcome would benefit improved road infrastructure management and enhanced safety.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• v.21
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• pp.47-52
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• 2020

Graphene was synthesized using rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (RT-CVD) equipment designed to produce largearea graphene at high speed. The effects of methane (CH₄), argon (Ar), and hydrogen (H₂) gases were investigated between 800 ℃ and 1,000 ℃ during heating and cooling in the graphene synthesis process. The findings reveal that multilayer domains increased due to hydrogen pretreatment with increase in temperature. Furthermore, when pretreated with the same gas, it was confirmed that the post-argon-treated sample cooled from 1,000 ℃ to 800 ℃ had a higher I_D/I_G value than that of the other samples. This result was consistent with the sheet resistance properties of graphene. The sample prepared in methane atmosphere maintained during both the pre-treatment and post-treatment demonstrated the lowest sheet resistance of 787.49 Ω/sq. Maintaining the methane gas atmosphere in the high-temperature region during graphene synthesis by RT-CVD reduced the defects and improved the electrical property.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.127-138
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• 2013

This study investigated the effects of feeding the broilers that are exposed to extreme heat stress (EHS, $33{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) with extreme heat stress diet (EHSD) containing adequate amount of soy oil and other nutrients on their growth performance. 500 broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomized into five dietary treatment groups according to a randomized block design on the day they were hatched. Each group was further divided into four repeat pens with each repeat pen comprising 25 chickens. The five dietary treatment groups were: T1 (Normal ambient condition + basal diet (BD), T2 (EHS +BCD), T3 (EHS + extreme heat stress diet (EHSD) prepared from BD with tallow replaced with soy oil and containing molasses 2%), T4 (EHS + EHSD prepared from BD with tallow replaced with soy oil and containing molasses 2% and methionine and lysine of 1.5 times greater quantities than in BD), and T5 (EHS + EHSD prepared from BD with tallow replaced with soy oil and containing molasses 2%, methionine and lysine of 1.5 times greater quantities than in BD, and vitamin C 200 ppm) with inverse lighting. The body weight gain of the broilers increased significantly in T4 and T5 as compared with that in T1 and T2. Weights of the lymphoid organ, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen were similar between all groups. Serum concentrations of IgG, IgG and IgM were higher in T4 and T5 than inT1 and T2, but the corticosterone concentration decreased significantly in them. In T4 and T5, Lactobacillus in the cecum increased, but Escherichia, coliform, and total aerobic bacteria decreased rather significantly, compared with those in T1 and T2. Contents of acetic acid, propionic acid and total SCFA were significantly higher in T4 and T5 than in T1 and T2.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in the effects of eye-mask and light-off on sleep status according to a commercial fitness tracker and a sleep diary of psychiatric in-patients in correctional facilities where nocturnal light is compulsory. Methods: This study was conducted over 3 consecutive nights. In-patients of the National Forensic Psychiatric Hospital (n = 29) were assigned random subject numbers and slept as usual in the light-on condition on the first night. The subjects slept with eye-masks in the light-on condition on another night and without an eye-mask in the light-off condition on the other night. Subjects were asked to sleep wearing a commercial fitness tracker and to keep a sleep diary. The order of these changes in bedroom lighting condition on the second and third nights was assigned randomly to participants. Results: In comparison of the sleep variables between the light-on condition and the eye-mask condition, the Wakefullness After Sleep Onset (WASO) was shorter and sleep satisfaction was higher in the latter.(respectively, Z = 3.66, p < 0.017 ; Z = 2.69, p < 0.017) In comparison of the sleep variables between the light-on and light-off conditions, the WASO was shorter and sleep efficiency and sleep satisfaction were higher in the latter (respectively, Z = 2.40, p < 0.017 ; Z = 3.02, p < 0.017 ; Z = 3.88, p < 0.017). However, there were no differences in the sleep variables between the eye-mask condition and the light-off condition. Conclusion: Subjective improvements in sleep variables were noted in sleep diaries of institutionalized psychiatric patients under either the 'eye-mask' or 'light-off' condition. However, there were no significant differences between the 'eye-mask' and 'light-off' conditions. Therefore, we suggest that psychiatric patients in correctional facilities use eye-masks when sleeping.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.473-481
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• 2016

We examined the effects of ocean acidification (OA) and eutrophication on the physiology of a red alga, Gracilariopsis chorda, using specimens collected at Wando Island, Korea, in July of 2015. The samples were transported to a laboratory and placed on growth media for treatments involving low or high levels of ammonium ($4{\mu}M$ or $60{\mu}M\;NH_4{^+}$) and low or high pH(7.5 or 8.2). The control treatment used filtered seawater (pH 8.2 and $4{\mu}M\;NH_4{^+}$). All experiments were conducted at $20^{\circ}C$ and under a lighting intensity of $80{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, with or without an injection of $CO_2$ (pH 7.5). In addition, we calculated rates of respiration under darkness, at a pH of 7.5 and $60{\mu}M\;NH_4{^+}$. Fluctuations in pH as well as the evolution of photosynthetic oxygen and $NH_4{^+}$ uptake rates were monitored for 6 h. The greatest increase in pH levels, from 7.50 to 8.65, occurred in response to $60{\mu}M\;NH_4{^+}$, whereas the largest decrease, from 7.50 to 7.42, was associated with elevated respiration rates. At a pH of 7.5, rates of oxygen evolution were higher (236% saturation) for samples treated with $60{\mu}M\;NH_4{^+}$ than for the control (121% saturation). Ammonium uptake was highest at pH 7.5 and $60{\mu}M\;NH_4{^+}$, with a rate of $0.526{\pm}0.002{\mu}mol\;g^{-1}\;FW\;h^{-1}$, followed in order by the treatments of $pH\;8.2/60{\mu}\;NH_4{^+}$, $pH\;7.5/4{\mu}M\;NH_4{^+}$, and the control ($pH\;8.2/4{\mu}M\;NH_4{^+}$). We speculated that the rates of photosynthesis and $NH_4{^+}$ uptake could be enhanced at a higher ammonium concentration and lower pH because $CO_2$ concentrations were increased through greater photosynthetic activity. Therefore, these findings suggest that the physiology of G. chorda populations can be improved by the interaction of optimized $CO_2$ concentrations and an adequate supply of essential nutrients such as ammonium.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.63-74
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• 2005

The cinema costume designers carry out the creative works in a different way from the commercial fashion designers generating the new trends by season or year for a number of people. Costumes created by the cinema costume designers are for the people acting in the film screens such as heroes, heroines or extras. The cinema costume designers should not miss the overall flow of a cinema. Moreover, the prominent designers have to devise the costumes livening up every scene. Most cinemas with the prudent interests and attention on the costumes are favored by the public and gain the commercial success. In particular, the cinemas emphasize the visual effects such as setting, lighting and computer graphics and require the substantial budgets for preparing the costumes regardless of genres, while all other industrial fields will be the same. Such efforts are to deliver the meaning and aesthetics that the cinemas intend to show through the designs, colors and textures of costumes closed up in each scene. The costumes in cinemas are another linguistic system and have the symbolic form of compound and meaningful communication used by the directors. The costume design is required to produce the costumes that liven up the characteristics of heroes or heroines as well as to fit for the general artistic effects of films. Moreover, it has to express the characters in the films using the costumes suitable for the film genres. Cinema costumes are defined and refined, and the process can be angst-ridden. Each frame of film is a canvas and has its own proscenuium. Every garment worn in a theatrical production is a costume. Before an actor speaks, his wardrobe has already spoken for him. From the most obvious and flamboyant show clothing, to contemporary clothes using subtle design language, costume design plays an integral part in every film production. Costume design is a vital tool for storytelling. Costumes have always had enormous influence on world fashion. Costume designers are passionate storytellers, historians, social commentators, humorists, psychologists, trendsetters and magicians who can conjure glamour and codify icons. Costume designers are project managers who have to juggle ever-decreasing wardrobe budgets and battle the economic realities of film production. Costume designers are artists with pen and paper, form, fabric and the human figure.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of $CO_2$ concentration(310 or 950$\mu$ mol.mol$^{-1}$ ) and air current speed(0.3, 0.5, 0.7 or 0.9m.s$^{-1}$ ) on the growth and development of eggp1ant Plug seedlings (Solanum melongena L.) under artificial 1ighting. For the treatment of $CO_2$ enrichment, stem length and diameter, the ratio of stem length to stem diameter, plant height, leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, top dried weight were significantly different at 1% level. Stem length of plug seedlings decreased at the condition under enriched $CO_2$ and high air current speed above plug stand. Stem diameter of plug seedlings increased and plant height decreased with the increasing $CO_2$ concentration. Plug seedlings had maximum net photosynthetic rate at the air current speed of 0.7m.s$^{-1}$ . Net photosynthetic rate at $CO_2$ concentration of 950$\mu$mol.mol$^{-1}$ increased by 46% than those at 310$\mu$mol.mol$^{-1}$ . Thus $CO_2$ enrichment would be effective for the production of plug seedlings with high quality.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted to examine environmental influences upon the behavioral pattern of pigs. The resting areas of an enclosed growing-finishing pig house were checked in two seasonal ventilation systems, and the excretion habit of pigs influenced by the different closing rates (50, 75 and 100%) of side walls of pens was surveyed. 1. The excretion habit of pigs was not influenced by temperature, humidity and the flow speed of running air as they excreted in a fixed area of the side walls. However, the lighting effects on the excretion habit was observed because pigs excreted in the darkest area of the pig pen. 2. The accumulated height and width of feces showed 10 and 30 cm; 5 and 25cm; and 3 and 20cm for 50, 75 and 100% of closing rates of side walls, respectively. It indicates that pigs excrete all over the floor in the pen with 100% closed side walls. 3. Ammonia concentrations of the resting areas on the pen floor were determined to 4.2, 5.1 and $5.8mg/{\ell}$ for 50, 75 and 100% of closing rates of side walls, respectively. It indicates that the ammonia concentration was highest in the pen with 100% closed side walls. Thus, the high ammonia concentration of the resting areas could be reduced by illuminating the darker areas with relation to the excretion habit. 4. The flow speed of running air was likely the biggest factor influencing the resting areas of pigs; pigs took a rest at the place of 0.04 m/s air flow speed point during midwinter, and at the place of 0.24 m/s air flow speed point during midsummer.