• Architectural research
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.45-56
• /
• 2014

The objective of this article, positively recognizing existing researches, is to revisit some aspects regarding the Vāstupuruṣamaṇḍala with a square grid work which is a fundamental planning guideline to control the construction of a Hindu temple and a mathematical doctrine to lead ritual programs. Hence, this paper suggests some reservations as to certain details such as temple constructions. In order to lay hold on its meaning, this paper touches upon the specific matters about the Vāstupuruṣamaṇḍala in the building construction of Hindu temples, which set out to shed light on four concerns; first, it explores the formation process of the Vāstupuruṣamaṇḍala in concert with the evolution of Hindu temples over time; second, it considers differences and similarities in comparison with other texts intimately articulated with the construction of temples, and then understands the relationship between their local languages and applications to the Vāstupuruṣamaṇḍala; third, it examines the symbolic and sanctified process of the temple's construction on the Vāstupuruṣamaṇḍala grids with two- or three-dimensional computer graphics (by means of the Auto Cad and Rhino tools), invisibly situating the divinities within it and illuminating the roles of ornamentation in the structural terms of temples; fourth, it presents that there are another rules on the building construction based upon architect-priest's craftsmanship skilled as a stonemason or a carpenter in the manual processes of the temples' construction for proper measurements and truncations of stone and wood closely linked together structural stability of completed temples. In conclusion, proceeding from what has been said above, this thesis shows that the Vāstupuruṣamaṇḍala grid includes both practical and spiritual meanings to construct a Hindu temple.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.52 no.8
• /
• pp.1603-1610
• /
• 2020

Due to ever-growing advancements in computers and relatively easy access to them, many efforts have been made to develop high-fidelity, high-performance, multi-physics tools, which play a crucial role in the design and operation of nuclear reactors. For this purpose in this study, the neutronic Monte Carlo and thermal-hydraulic sub-channel codes entitled MCNP and COBRA-EN, respectively, were applied for external coupling with each other. The coupled code was validated by code-to-code comparison with the internal couplings between MCNP5 and SUBCHANFLOW as well as MCNP6 and CTF. The simulation results of all code systems were in good agreement with each other. Then, as the second problem, the core of the VVER-1000 v446 reactor was simulated by the MCNP4C/COBRA-EN coupled code to measure the capability of the developed code to calculate the neutronic and thermohydraulic parameters of real and industrial cases. The simulation results of VVER-1000 core were compared with FSAR and another numerical solution of this benchmark. The obtained results showed that the ability of the MCNP4C/COBRA-EN code for estimating the neutronic and thermohydraulic parameters was very satisfactory.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.70.2-70.2
• /
• 2017

Transit event of exoplanet is a good example of observational studies with youth, because the event is geometrically simple and its analysis is essential to astronomical observation. Therefore, we developed the package of data reduction and aperture photometry in Python for educational purpose. In 27 July, we observed the transit event of TrES-3b with the students of "NYSC Space Science Club" program, and presented the Python package, PyPhotW for data reduction and aperture photometry. PyPhotW consists of simple functions for youth to understand the processes easier. Nonetheless, the photometric results of PyPhotW show a good agreement with those of Source Extractor, ${\Delta}m{\sim}-0.01{\pm}0.03$ and $-0.04{\pm}0.08$ for TrES-3b and TrES-5b time-series observations in 27 - 28 July.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 2003

The term 'High Speed Machining' has been used for many years to describe end milling with small diameter tools at high rotational speeds, typically 10,000-100,000rpm. The process was applied in the aerospace industry for the machining of light alloys, notably aluminum. In recent year, however, the mold and die industry has begun to use the technology for the production of components, including those manufactured from hardened tool steels. With increasing cutting speed used in modern machining operation, the thermal aspects of cutting become more and mole Important. It not only directly influences in rate of tool weal, but also affects machining precision recognized as thermal expansion and the roughness of the surface finish. Hence, one needs to accurately evaluate the rate of cutting heat generation and temperature distributions on the machining surface. To overcome the heat generation, we used to cutting fluid. Cutting fluid plays a roles in metal cutting process. Mechanically coupled effectiveness of cutting fluids affect to friction coefficient at tool-workpiece interface and cutting temperature and chip control, surface finish, tool wear and form accuracy. Through this study, we examined the behavior of heat generation in high-speed machining and the cooling performance of various cooling methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.62-70
• /
• 2007

The development of new materials that are light-weight, yet high in strength has become vital to the machinery, aircraft and auto industries. However, there are a lot of problems with developing such materials that require expensive tools, and a great deal of time and effort. Therefore, the improvement of fatigue strength and fatigue life are mainly focused on by adopting residual stress. The fatigue crack growth rate of the Shot-peened material was lower than that of the Un-peened material. And in stage I, threshold stress intensity factor of the shot-peen processed material is high in critical parts unlike the Un-peened material. Also, fatigue crack growth exponent and number of cycle of the Shot-peened material was higher than that of the Un-peened material. That is concluded from effect of da/dN. And Fatigue life shows more improvement in the Shot-peened material than in the Un-peened material. And compressive residual stress of surface on the Shot-peen processed operate resistance force of fatigue crack propagation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
• /
• 2001.04a
• /
• pp.422-428
• /
• 2001

The term High Speed Machining has been used for many years to describe end milling with small diameter tools at high rotational speeds, typically 10,000 - 100,000 rpm. The process was applied in the aerospace industry for the machining of light alloys, notably aluminium. In recent year, however, the mold and die industry has begun to use the technology for the production of components, including those manufactured from hardened tool steels. With increasing cutting speed used in modern machining operation, the thermal aspects of cutting become more and more important. It not only directly influences in rate of tool wear, but also will affect machining precision recognized as thermal expansion and the roughness of the surface finish. Hence, one needs to accurately evaluate the rate of cutting heat generation and temperature distributions on the machining surface. To overcome the heat generation, we used to cutting fluid. Cutting fluid play a roles in metal cutting process. Mechanically coupled effectiveness of cutting fluids affect to friction coefficient at tool-work-piece interface and cutting temperature and chip control, surface finish, tool wear and form accuracy. Through this study, we examined the behavior of heat generation in high-speed machining and the cooling performance of various cooling methods.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.504-511
• /
• 2000

PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry) is a recently developed technique for visualizing the fluid velocity fields. Because it has several advantages over the LDV(Laser Doppler Velocimetry), it became one of the most popular diagnostic tools in spite of its short history. However, its application to combustion is restricted by some problems such as flame illumination, scattered light refraction, particle density variation due to heat release, the combined effect of abrupt change in particle density and fluid velocity on flame contour, and thermophoresis which is particle lagging due to temperature gradient. These problems are expected to be originated from the non-continuous characteristics of flames and the limitations of particle dynamics. In the present study, these problems were considered for the visualization of the instantaneous coaxial hydrogen diffusion flame. And the instantaneous flame contour was detected using particle density difference. The visualized diffusion flame velocity field shows its turbulent and meandering nature. It was also observed that the flame is located inside the outer shear layer and flame geometry is largely influenced by the vorticity.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.416-425
• /
• 2013

Luis Barragan's Architecture has creative feature that Mexican environment and traditional culture were complete by color. Thus the color of his work makes our emotions rich and colorful. He said "My architecture is autobiographical..." at speech in Pritz price. As we can see in his architectural philosophy that sentimental architecture is important than theorical system, his works are impression of empirical factor with intuition. "Color is a complement to the architecture. It serve to enlarge or reduce a space. It's also useful for adding that touch of magic a place needs", stated Barragan. During his process of shaping space, Barragan drew on color in the same way as an architectural component, according it a spatial funtion and expressive vale. he allied it with light, deeming it a crucial vehical for conveying the emotive attributes a site. The capacity of color to express sensitivity and sensuality within an architecture space is liked to its psycho-physiological qualities. In this kind of view, color featyre in Barragan's work is one of the most important tools to realize sentimental architecture, not only is result of the Mexican regional color. As a result, make focus on analyzing various meaning of the color in Barragan's architecture like poetic and habitable structure.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.57-68
• /
• 2020

This research investigates how digital design agencies and client companies incorporate design thinking-a human-centered approach to solving difficult problems-into their website development processes. Based on a literature review on the design-thinking-driven web development process, multiple case studies of award-winning website projects were performed by in-depth interviews with key practitioners. Through analyses of these cases, their user-centered approaches for website innovation were identified according to the following four phases: web planning (discovery and defining phases) and web design and development (development and delivery phases). Moreover, distinct approaches of design thinking practices were identified according to two website types: a brand promotion website with a killer brand storytelling approach; and a service channel website with a strategic UI/UX-driven approach. Next, the key success drivers of these website projects were suggested in light of the typical themes of design thinking (i.e., human centeredness, research based, context awareness, and collaboration). Some practical limitations were also found in adopting the design-thinking-driven web development process, such as limited research methods and tools, and insufficient prototyping and experimentation. Along with these limitations, it was also discovered that current digital design agencies still face the following challenges in adopting the design-thinking-driven web development process: building a long-term, playful partnership with clients; leveraging decision-makers' design thinking awareness; and coping with limited resources (design thinking practitioners, budgets, and schedules).

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.218-224
• /
• 2014

Plastic surgery training worldwide has seen a thorough restructuring over the past decade, with the introduction of formal training curricula and work-based assessment tools. Part of this process has been the introduction of revalidation and a greater use of simulation in training delivery. Simulation is an increasingly important tool for educators because it provides a way to reduce risks to both trainees and patients, whilst facilitating improved technical proficiency. Current microsurgery training interventions are often predicated on theories of skill acquisition and development that follow a 'practice makes perfect' model. Given the changing landscape of surgical training and advances in educational theories related to skill development, research is needed to assess the potential benefits of alternative models, particularly cross-training, a model now widely used in non-medical areas with significant benefits. Furthermore, with the proliferation of microsurgery training interventions and therefore diversity in length, cost, content and models used, appropriate standardisation will be an important factor to ensure that courses deliver consistent and effective training that achieves appropriate levels of competency. Key research requirements should be gathered and used in directing further research in these areas to achieve on-going improvement of microsurgery training.