• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of visual and auditory stimulation on the ability to perform exercise. Methods: One hundred twenty subjects were randomly divided into four groups (Green light and Fast tempo music, GF; Green light and Slow tempo music, GS; Red light and Fast tempo music, RF; and Red light and Slow tempo music, RS). One of either two visual stimuli or one of two auditory stimuli were applied to each group. The experiment was conducted randomly twice in two environments: one had visual and auditory stimuli and one had no stimulation. Muscle strength, grip, endurance, quickness, agility, concentration, and balance were measured to determine the ability to perform exercise. Results: Significant differences were found in the muscle strength of the participants who were exposed to the auditory factor and the interaction of visual and auditory factors. In endurance, significant differences were found in all of the factors: visual, auditory, and the interaction of visual and auditory. In quickness, agility, and balance ability there were significant differences in the visual factor. In concentration, there was a significant difference in the auditory factor. Conclusion: Visual stimuli, auditory stimuli, and their interaction influenced the ability to perform exercise. These facts imply that providing the proper environmental stimulation is important to increase the ability to perform during exercise.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.161-164
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• 2003

Recombinant light chain of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type B stimulated transglutaminase activity in a dose dependent manner, Compared to native toxin, recombinant light chain showed av greater stimulatory effect on transglutaminase activity. Zn-chelating agents, inhibiting the proteolytic activity of the clostridial toxins, did not interfere with this stimulation. These results suggest that the light chain plays a major stimulatory role, which is not due to its metallopeptidase activity, but is possibly due to specific interaction with transglutaminase. More importantly, this report provides a new insight into the intracellular action of C. botulinum neurotoxins.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.572-580
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• 2013

In this case study, I examined the microseismic safety management system of Deep Heat Mining Basel (DHMB) as EGS Geothermal Project which was conducted in Basel, Switzerland. EGS Geothermal Power projects which require induced seismic event by stimulation for creation of EGS geothermal reservoir have to be controlled pressure and flow rate of stimulation by establishment of microseismic safety management system. Traffic light system and Communication response procedure of DHMB project to respond step by step corresponding microseismic event intensity through continuous monitoring during stimulation period have been managed and established in advance of stimulation. However, the project was discontinued because of an earthquake to occur larger than expected one due to post-injection seismicity occurring in the geothermal reservoir after completion of injection for stimulation. The result of post analysis, Real-time traffic light system was verified to need a establishment of new microseismic safe management system to be considered post-injection seismicity phenomenon.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.458-463
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• 2006

The purpose of this work is to investigate the fundamental properties of the gradual muscle force potentiation. We investigated the dependence of force potentiation on both the pulse-amplitude and the pulse-duration with different ramp-up time. The experimental results showed that the force increment ratio (FIR) during constant electrical stimulation decreased with pulse-amplitude and also with pulse-duration. The FIR was greater with short ramp-up time in both the pulse-amplitude and pulse-width modulation. The feasible mechanism might be that the myosin light chain phosphorylation induces the force potentiation and it occurs only in the fast type muscle fibers which are recruited first. These observations indicate that muscle potentiation must be understood well for the accurate control of muscle force.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.585-593
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• 2015

Stress fiber (SF) alteration is mediated by cellular receptors, which, upon interaction with the extracellular counterpart, signal to the actin cytoskeleton for remodeling. This association is mediated by a variety of scaffold and signaling factors, which control the mechanical and signaling activities of the interaction site. The heterotrimeric transmembrane lymphotoxin α1β2 (LTα1β2), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of cytokines, including soluble homotrimeric lymphotoxin (LT α), plays an important role in lymphoid tissue architecture. Ligation between LTα1β2 and the lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) activates signal-cascade in fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs). We found LTβR stimulation using an agonistic anti-LTβR antibody alone or combined with LTα or TNFα induced changes in the actin and plasticity of cells. To clarify the involvement of myosin underlying the alteration, we analyzed the effect of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) with an MLCK inhibitor (ML7), the phosphorylation level of myosin light chains (MLC), and the level of phospho-myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) after treatment with an agonistic anti-LTβR antibody for cytoskeleton reorganization in FRCs. The inhibition of MLCK activity induced changes in the actin cytoskeleton organization and cell morphology in FRC. In addition, we showed the phosphorylation of MLC and MYPT1 was reduced by LTβR stimulation in cells. A DNA chip revealed the LTβR stimulation of FRC down-regulated transcripts of myosin and actin components. Collectively, these results suggest LTβR stimulation is linked to myosin regarding SF alteration in FRC.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 2020

Purpose : This study aims to investigate the effect of somatosensory stimulation on the upper limb sensory and function and self-esteem of stroke patients. Methods : This study period was march 4 to april 4 (5 weeks). The subject were 20 stroke patients with somatosensory impairment in B hospital, seongnam, gyeonggi province. They were devided into two group-experimental and control-with 10 members each. The members of the experimental group underwent somatosensory stimulation, whereas the members of the control group underwent an occupation-based intervention for 5 weeks. Thirty-minute therapy was provided 3 times per week for 5 weeks. Before and after the intervention, both groups were evaluated via light touch, static two-point discrimination, stereognosis, Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), and self-esteem scale Results : In this study, light touch was not significant in both groups. Static two-point discrimination was significant among the experimental group member's index fingers. Among the control group members, it was significant in the ring finger. The comparison between the two groups was significant in the index finger. The stereognosis results were significant in the experimental group but not in the control group. The comparison between the groups after the intervention was not significant. FMA was significant in the shoulder/ elbow/ forearm (SEF), hand and coordination among the experimental group. Among the control group, it was significant in the SEF and hand. The comparison between the groups was significant in the SEF, hand and coordination. The self-esteem scale results were significant among both groups, and the comparison between the group's score was likewise significant. Conclusion : In conclusion, somatosensory stimulation therapy increases the static two-point discrimination, stereognosis, upper extremity function, and self-esteem of patients with stroke. Therefore, while somatosensory stimulation therapy is not the best therapy, it is one of the best occupational therapies for stroke patients.

• Medical Lasers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2021

As technology advances at a rapid rate, innovations in regenerative medicine will eventually include the use of energy-based therapeutics, such as low intensity-pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUs), pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation (PMFs), and low-level laser/light therapy (LLLt) or photobiomodulation therapy (PBMt). Among these treatments, LLLt/PBMt attracted significant attention by the turn of the century, as evidenced by the numerous publications compared to LIPUs and PMFs, particularly for augmented bone regeneration (ABR). This is a testament of how the maturation of technology and scientific knowledge leads to latent compounded applications, even when the value of a technique is reliant on empirical data. This article reviews some of the notable investigations using LLLt/PBMt for bone regeneration published in the past decade, focusing on how this type of therapy has been utilized together with the existing regenerative medicine landscape.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to determined the effect of low-frequency electrical stimulation on the denervated gastrocnemius muscles of the albino rats, Sprague-Dawley. Fifteen Sprague-Dawley adult male albino rats were divided into non-treated (normal) group, denervated (control) group, denervated and electrical stimulated (experiments). The gastrocnemius muscles of the right leg were submaximally stimulated with 30 Hz electrical stimulation. After 4-week period, the animals were sacrificed, and muscle were removed, fixed by immersion, and processed for light and electron microscopy. The numbers of Ag-NOR increased significantly (p<0.001), but significant reductions of girth(p<0.01), wet muscle weight (p<0.001), high glycogen content fiber (p<0.01), and mitochondrial number (p<0.05) were found in denervated control group. In comparison with control group, significant increase of right leg girth (p<0.05), wet muscle weight (p<0.001), high glycogen content fiber (p<0.05), numbers of Ag-NOR(p<0.001), number of mitochondria (p<0.01), mitochondrial volume found in electrical stimulated experimental group. The results suggest that the electrical stimulation of the muscle partially prevented the denervated atrophy in the rat gastrocnemius muscles.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.13-23
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to develop the combined medical stimulus system consisted of the PEMFs (Pulsed electromagnetic fields) and LED which are able to stimulate local point such as acupoints and trigger points. Methods : To evaluate the therapeutic effect on the musculoskeletal disorders and the possibility of alternative method on manual acupuncture, we compared the fatigue recovery of two groups by analyzing the EMG and peak torque (non-stimulation and, stimulation group) after strenuous knee exercise. We chose the LR9 as a stimulation point. Results : The median frequency (MF) and fatigue index (F.I) of the stimulation group were recovered faster than those of the non-stimulation group. Also the peak torques of both groups were not restored until after 20 minutes. However, the peak torque of the stimulation group was regained higher than that of the non-stimulation group. Conclusions : We confirmed that the proposed combined stimulus system had useful effects as treatment instrument of musculoskeletal disorder using non-invasive method of PEMFs and LED.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 1990

Effects of blue and red light on photorespiration in the leaf disks of pea were studied. The rate of total 14CO2 fixation was more or less higher under red light than blue light irradiation of the same quantum (94.8 $\mu$Em-2.S-1/mV). The release of 14CO2 by photorespiration was more stimulated under blue than red light. Among the photorespiratory intermediates, 14C was more incorporated ito serine under blue light than red light. However, 14C was more incorporated into glycine under red light than blue light. The incorporation of 14C into glycolate was very low under both light qualities, but higher under red light than blue light. Among the enzymes related to photorespiration, only glycolate oxidase was activated and/or synthesized by blue light irradiation. Moreover, more 14C2 was released from glycoate-1-14C under blue light than red light irradiation, but 14C2 release from glyoxylate-1-14C and glycine-1-14C showed no difference by the either light qualities. These results suggest that blue light is more effective in the photorespiratory CO2 evolution than red light. The reason is considered that glycolate is easily metabolized under blue light due to the stimulation of the glycolate oxidase activity.