• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2009년도 한국우주과학회보 제18권2호
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• pp.28.4-29
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• 2009

The 'Amon-Ra' instrument of the proposed 'EARTHSHINE' satellite is a dual (i.e. imaging and energy) channel instrument for monitoring the total solar irradiance (TSI) and the Earth's irradiance at around the L1 halo orbit. Earlier studies for this instrument include, but not limited to, design and construction of breadboard Amon-Ra imaging channel, stray light suppression and system performance computation using Integrated Ray Tracing (IRT) technique. The Amon-Ra instrument is required to produce 0.3% in uncertainty for both Sunlight and Earthlight measurement. In this study, we report accurate estimation of the output electric signal derived from the orbital variation of radiant exitance from the Sun and the Earth arriving at the aperture and detector plane of the Amon-Ra. For this, orbital irradiance are computed analytically first and then confirmed by simulation using Integrated Ray Tracing (IRT) model. Specially, the results show the arriving power at the bolometer detector surface is $1.24{\mu}W$ for the Sunlight and $1.28{\mu}W$ for the Earthlight, producing the output signal pulses of 34.31 mV and 35.47 mV respectively. These results demonstrate successfully that the arriving radiative power is well within the bolometer detector dynamic range and, therefore, the proposed detector can be used for the in-orbit measurement sequence. We discuss the computational details and implications as well as the simulation results.

• 환경생물
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2008

진해만에서 분리한 중심목 규조류 S. costatum의 성장에 영향을 미치는 광량과 파장을 알기 위해 실내 실험을 수행하였다. 수온 20$^{\circ}C$와 염분 30 psu의 환경조건에서 광량과 성장의 관계식은 $\mu$=1.17 (I-5.25)/(I+81.8), (r=0.98)로 최대 성장속도는 1.17 day$^{-1}$, 반포화광량(K$_s$)은 92.4 ${\mu$mol photons $m^{-2}s^{-1}$ 그리고 보상광량(I$_0$)은 5.28 $\mu$mol photon $m^{-2}s^{-1}$)로 나타났다. 진해만에서 I$_0$에 해당하는 수심을 계산한 결과, 3월에서 5월은 3$\sim$5m, 6월은 11m, 7월에서 9월은 4m로 진해만에서 S. costatum은 표층에서 잘 성장할 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 광저해현상은 150 $\mu$mol photons $m^{-2}s^{-1}$ 이상의 광량에서 세포밀도의 감소를 보여, S. costatum의 성장을 위한 최적 수심은 상당히 제한되어 있을 것으로 사료된다. 성장에 미치는 파장의 영향을 알기 위해 발광 다이오드를 이용하여 근자외선 영역부터 근적외선영역을 포함하는 9개 파장 빛을 주사하였다. 25 $\mu$mol photons $m^{-2}s^{-1}$에서 S. costatum은 405, 470, 505, 525, 568, 644 nm에서 성장을 하였지만, 590m와 523nm에서는 성장하지 못하였다. 하지만 100 $\mu$mol photons $m^{-2}s^{-1}$는 모든 파장대에서 잘 성장하였다. 따라서 S. costatum은 황색파장대가 우점하는 폐쇄성 연안역에서 충분히 잘 성장할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 1985

일본 동경만 입구에서의 해수의 광학적 성질을 조사하기 위하여, 1985년 4월에 동경만 입구의 6개 관측점에서 투명도, 수색, 태양광도, 태양광의 8가지에 대한 해수의 표면조도 및 수중조도 등을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 본 조사해역의 투명도는 7.2 m (6-9.5 m)였고, 수색은 9 (6.5-10.5)였다. 2. 해수의 평균소산계수는 0.300 (0.084-0.774)였고, 파장별로는 677nm가 0.498, 653nm가 0.402, 621nm가 0.378, 422nm가 0.258, 378nm가 0.230, 481nm가 0.226, 513nm가 0.213, 570nm가 0.195의 순으로 작게 나타났다. 3. 해수의 소산계수 K와 투명도 D와의 관계는 K=2.61/D였다. 4. 태양고도는 52.56$^{\circ}$(31.68-66.76$^{\circ}$)로 나타났다. 5. 태양광선의 표면광에 대한 해수투과율은 수심 1m 층에서 69.30% (57.33-77.40%), 5m 층에서 17.66% (6.3-27.90%), 10m 층에서 4.47%(0.6-9.17%), 20m 층에서 0.77% (0.02-22.99%)로 나타났다. 6. 투명도층에서의 태양광선의 표면광에 대한 해중투과율은 9.91% (0.51-22.99%)였고, 677nm (적)의 광이 2.61%로서 가장 적었으며 570nm(황녹)의 광이 17.57%로서 가장 많았다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.228-233
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• 2006

The transmittance properties of fishing lamp of the squid jigging vessel was investigated during nighttime operations in the Northwest Pacific on 21 and 29 September 2005. The metal halide lamps of white color($2.0kW{\times}168$) in the air and metal halide lamp of white color($10.0kW{\times}1$) in the underwater were used as a fishing lamp for gathering squids. The relative irradiance of metal halide lamp in the air showed peak in 850nm of wave length. The relationship between underwater illuminance(Y) and water depth(X) of metal halide lamp light in the observation areas is represented, $Y=84.137e^{-0.1105X},\;R^2=0.9974$. The distribution of underwater illuminance of measure points St. 1-5 showed low value of 0.11x in 80m depth.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.736-742
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• 2000

Mass removed from crystalline silicon samples during high power single-pulse laser ablation was studied by measuring the resulting crater morphology with a white light interferometric microscope. The volume and depth of the craters show a strong nonlinear change as the laser irradiance increases across a threshold value, that is, approximately $2.2{\times}10^{10}\;W/cm^2$. Time-resolved shadowgraph images of the ablation plume show the ejection of large particulates from the sample for laser irradiance above the threshold, with a time delay of about 300-400 nsec. The thickness of superheated liquid layer near the critical temperature was numerically estimated, considering the transformation of liquid metal into liquid dielectric near the critical state (i.e., induced transparency). The estimated thickness of the superheated layer at a delay time of 200 nsec agreed with the measured crater depths, suggesting that induced transparency promotes the formation of a deep superheated liquid layer which leads to an explosive boiling responsible for the sudden increase of crater volume and depth.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2024

The underwater color environment was assessed by conducting color calculations based on underwater spectral irradiance measurements at various depths. Changes in the distribution of underwater spectral irradiance values between 1 and 3 m, exhibited similar trends in areas Stn. 1, 5, and 6. Likewise, changes between 5 and 20 m displayed comparable patterns in areas Stn. 1, 2, 4, and 6. Color values for each observed area fell between 0.14 and 0.26 (x-values) and 0.2 and 0.36 (y-values), with the y-values exhibiting a variation 1-3 times greater than the x-values. Color a_* and b_* values ranged from a maximum of -17 and -6 to a minimum of -63 and -30, respectively. By classifying fishing grounds based on observed variations, Stn. 1, 9, Stn. 2, 3, Stn. 7, 8 and Stn. 4, 5, 6 were grouped independently. Particularly, Stn. 5, 6, 7, and 8 were categorized into distinct groups that could be visually differentiated, especially when considering the significant changes in color a_* as the water depth increased from 10 to 20 m. Tokyo Bay were classified into different color groups, and Wakayama Prefecture offshore was classified into the same color group as the surveyed fishing grounds.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.186-200
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• 2010

전역 조명(global illumination) 효과를 사실적으로 렌더링하기 위해서는 복잡한 경로를 통해 입사하는 빛의 정보 해당하는 직접 조명 및 간접 조명을 정확하게 계산해주어야 한다. 이 과정에서 주어진 물체 표면 지점에 대해 계산되는 간접 조명 정보는 주변 환경의 기하적인 형태에 큰 영향을 받게 된다. 조화 평균 거리(harmonic mean distance)는 3차원 공간상에서 주어진 한 지점에서 보이는 물체들과의 거리를 나타내는 척도로 많이 사용되는 수학적 도구로서, 광휘 캐시(irradiance/radiance cache)나 환경 폐색(ambient occlusion) 등의 렌더링 효과를 생성하는데 주요하게 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 대표적인 고품질 전역 조명 렌더링 알고리즘인 최종 수집(final gathering) 방법 및 포톤 매핑(photon mapping) 기법을 통해 다양한 환경에서 계산되는 조화 평균 거리에 대한 근사값의 정확성에 대해 분석한다. 이러한 분석 결과를 기반으로 효과적인 조화 평균 거리 계산의 근사화 기법 개발에 있어서 고려해야 할 점들과 방향을 제시한다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2001

A CAB cDNA vector(pKGCAB), encoding the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein in Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer), was constructed with the CaMV35S promoter of plant expression vector. The chimeric vector was transformed into tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum cv. NC 82) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404 strain, and the transgenic tobacco plant CAB-TP2 was selected. Photosynthetic rates of the CAB-TP2 plant at before-flowering stage were increased about 20% under low irradiance conditions of quantum 100 and 500 $\mu$mol.m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ , however, the rates were similar to those of NC 82 under quantum 1000 and 2000 $\mu$mol.m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ conditions. The plants were germinating under low- or normal irradiance condition and the quantum yield of photosystem III were measured. The differences of the Fv/Em values between conditions were 0.07 and 0.01 in NC 82 and CAB-TP2, respectively. The mature leaves in the position 8-10 of the CAB-TP2 at before-flowering stage revealed l0% higher Fv/Fm values in range of 0.759 to 0.781 and 40% more chlorophyll contents of 70-93mg/$m\ell$ than those of normal NC 82. These data suggest the possibility that the increase in photosynthetic activity of leaves under low light intensity in the canopy of CAB-TP2 transgenic tobacco might lead to increase the quality of lower tobacco leaves.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2001

Chlorella kessleri cultivated in artificial wastewater using diurnal illumination of 12h light/12h dark (L/D) cycles. The inoculum density was 10(sup)5 cells/mL and the irradiance in light cycle was 45$\mu$mol㎡s(sup)-1 at the culture surface. As a control culture, another set of flasks was cultivated under continuous illumination. Regardless of the illumination scheme, the total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced below 20% of the initial concentration within a day. However, cell concentration under the L/D lighting scheme was lower tan that under the continuous illuminating scheme. Thus the specific removal rate of organic carbon under L/D cycles was higher than that under continuous illumination. This result suggested that C. kessleri grew chemoorganotrophically in the dark periods. After 3 days, nitrate was reduced to 136.5 and 154.1mg NO$_3$-N/L from 168.1mg NO$_3$-N/L under continuous illumination and under diurnal cycles, respectively. These results indicate nitrate removal efficiency under continuous light was better than that under diurnal cycles. High-density algal cultures using optimized photobioreactors with diurnal cycles will save energy and improve organic carbon sources removal.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2023

Microalgae, as photosynthetic organisms, possess the ability to produce a diverse array of bioactive compounds. This study focused on the transformant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii dZL and subjected it to cultivation under varying light intensities (60, 120, 180, and 240 µmol/m²/s). Our aim was to assess the impact of light intensity on both microalgal biomass and carotenoid production. The cultivation took place in 80 mL bubble column photobioreactors, specifically the Multi-cultivator. Notably, the culture exposed to 240 µmol/m²/s exhibited the most rapid cell growth, surpassing even the cell concentration achieved at 180 µmol/m²/s by day 8. A detailed analysis of the specific irradiance rate over time unequivocally revealed a sharp decline in growth rates when the rate fell below 2 × 10^-10 µmol/cell/s. Although the culture with 60 µmol/m²/s yielded the highest carotenoid content (1.2% of dry weight), the culture exposed to 240 µmol/m²/s recorded the highest carotenoid concentration at 8.9 mg/L owing to its higher biomass. Our findings reveal the critical importance of maintaining a specific irradiance rate above 2 × 10^-10 µmol/cell/s to enhance biomass and carotenoid productivity. This study lays the groundwork for defining optimal light intensity conditions applicable to mass culture systems, with the objective of augmenting C. reinhardtii biomass and optimizing carotenoid productivity.