• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.20-30
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• 1987

In the hemolymph proteins of the silkworm reared with mulberry leaves and artificial diet, electrophoretic patterns of Storege Protein 1 (SP1) and Vitellogenin(VG), changes of relative concentration of SP1, JHA effects during the developmental stages, and estimation of the molecular weight of vitellin subunits were investigated in the present study. 1. Storage Protein 1 (SP1) showed female specificity from the middle stage of the fifth instar to the end of spinning stage in the silkworm reared with mulberry leaves and artificial diet. 2. Vitellogenin (VG) showed female specififcity just afrter pupation in the silkworm reared with mulberry leaves and artificial diet. 3. Storage Protein 2 (SP2) without female specificity was detected from the early stage of the fifth instar to the first or second day after pupation. 4. Vitellin was composed of two non-identical subunits (vitellin-heavy chain ; VTL-H, vitellinlight chain ; VTL-L) with mplecular weight of 186,000 and 41,000. Also, there were no differenes between the molecular weights of vitellin subunits obtained from silkworms reared with mulberry leaves and artificial diet. 5. Relative concentration of Storage Protein 1 (SP1) after topical application - 0.5, and 10$\mu\textrm{g}$ per body weight - JHA on the 60th hour of the fifth instar showed the highest increase with the treatment of 5$\mu\textrm{g}$ and a higher increase with the treatment of 10$\mu\textrm{g}$ compared with the control (no topical application of JHA).

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.102-109
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• 2010

Fructan has been found to accumulate in various tissues during periods when light levels increased carbon fixation where low temperatures reduced growth rates while photosynthesis continued. In this study, we have cloned 1-sucrose:sucrose fructosyl transferase(1-sst) and 1-fructan: fructan fructosyl transferase (1-fft, a key enzyme for the synthesis of fuctan) from Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.). The recombinant vector with 1-sst and 1-fft has been constructed under the control of 35S promoter of KJGV-B2 vector and transgenic plants obtained by Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. PCR analysis carried out on the putative transgenic plants for amplification of the coding region of specific gene (1-sst, 1-fft), and HPT genes. Transgenic lines carrying of 1-sst and 1-fft were confirmed for integration into the rice genome using Southern blot hybridization and RT-PCR. The transgenic plants in $T_2$ generation were selected and expression pattern analysis revealed that 1-sst and 1-fft were stable. This analysis confirmed the presence of low-molecular-weight fructan in the seedling of the transgenic rices. Therefore, cold tolerance and carbohydrate metabolism will be possible to develop resistant plants using the transgenic rice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.233-244
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• 2014

Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is an increasingly recognized precisely the GPS/GNSS positioning technique. In order to improve the accuracy of PPP, the error sources in PPP measurements should be reduced as much as possible and the ambiguities should be correctly resolved. The correct ambiguity resolution requires a careful control of residual errors that are normally categorized into random and systematic errors. To understand effects from two categorized errors on the PPP ambiguity resolution, those two GPS datasets are simulated by generating in locations in South Korea (denoted as SUWN) and Hong Kong (PolyU). Both simulation cases are studied for each dataset; the first case is that all the satellites are affected by systematic and random errors, and the second case is that only a few satellites are affected. In the first case with random errors only, when the magnitude of random errors is increased, L1 ambiguities have a much higher chance to be incorrectly fixed. However, the size of ambiguity error is not exactly proportional to the magnitude of random error. Satellite geometry has more impacts on the L1 ambiguity resolution than the magnitude of random errors. In the first case when all the satellites have both random and systematic errors, the accuracy of fixed ambiguities is considerably affected by the systematic error. A pseudorange systematic error of 5 cm is the much more detrimental to ambiguity resolutions than carrier phase systematic error of 2 mm. In the $2^{nd}$ case when only a portion of satellites have systematic and random errors, the L1 ambiguity resolution in PPP can be still corrected. The number of allowable satellites varies from stations to stations, depending on the geometry of satellites. Through extensive simulation tests under different schemes, this paper sheds light on how the PPP ambiguity resolution (more precisely L1 ambiguity resolution) is affected by the characteristics of the residual errors in PPP observations. The numerical examples recall the PPP data analysts that how accurate the error correction models must achieve in order to get all the ambiguities resolved correctly.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.457-466
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• 1999

원자력 발전소 계측 제어 시스템, 의료 관련 시스템, 항공 관련 시스템 등 실생활과 밀접한 시스템에 소프트웨어의 사용이 점차 증가하고 있다. 이러한 시스템에서 소프트웨어의 오류는 예기치 않는 사고를 유발하여 인명, 재산상의 심각한 타격을 줄 수 있다. 그러므로 고신뢰도 소프트웨어의 개발 시에는 반드시 시스템의 안전성을 보장해 주어야 한다. 역방향 안전성 분석 방법은 시스템의 안전성을 분석하는 한가지 방법으로서 시스템의 위험 상태를 정의하고 그 위험의 원인들을 추적, 분석함으로써 안전성에 대한 효율적인 분석을 수행할 수 있는 장점을 갖는다. 이 논문에서는 소프트웨어 개발 초기 단계에서 안전성을 분석할 수 있는 방법으로 Colored Petri Nets(CPN)에 기반을 둔 역방향 안전성 분석 방법을 제시한다. 또한 CPN 역방향 안전성 분석 도구인 SAC(Safety Analyzer for CPN)의 설계 및 구현에 대해 언급한다. SAC은 기존의 상용 CPN 모델링 도구인 Design/CPN과 연계하여 사용될 수 있으므로 CPN으로 모델링된 시스템의 안전성을 분석할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 이 논문에서는 예제로 자동 교통 제어 시스템의 일부를 CPN으로 모델링하고 SAC을 이용한 분석 과정을 기술한다.Abstract In safety-critical systems such as nuclear power plants, medical machines, and avionic systems which are closely related with our livings, the usage of software in the controlling part is growing rapidly. Since software errors in safety-critical systems may cause serious accidents leading to financial or human damages, system safety should be ensured during and after development of a system. A backward safety analysis technique defines system hazards and tries to trace their causes by analyzing system states backward. In this paper, we provide a backward safety analysis technique based on Colored Petri Nets(CPN), which is applicable to the early software development phase. Also Safety Analyzer for CPN(SAC), the supporting tool, is designed and implemented. Since SAC is compatible with Design/CPN, a commercial tool for supporting CPN, it can be applicable to analyze safety in practical problems. As an example, we model a part of the traffic light control system using CPN and analyze safety properties of the model using the SAC tool.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.371-377
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological and structural damages to cadmium (Cd) in Acorus calamus var. angustatus as a native aquatic species in Korea. In addition to the physiological responses such as plant growth, photosynthesis, and root activity, the structural damages in leaf and root tissues were observed through light and scanning electronic microscopy. The five-leaf plants were treated with different Cd concentrations 0, 10, 25, and 50 ${\mu}M$ for 15 days. The plant damages to Cd were significant at 10-25 ${\mu}M$ Cd physiologically and at 25-50 ${\mu}M$ Cd structurally. The physiological damages in the shoot part (photosynthesis) started at 10 ${\mu}M$ Cd whereas those in root part (root activity) were serious above 25 ${\mu}M$ Cd. On the other hand, the structural damages began at 25 ${\mu}M$ Cd in the leaf and root tissues similarly, but the plant tissue destruction was more serious in the roots than in leaves. Based on the plant physiological and structural damages, 10 ${\mu}M$ was assumed to be the limited concentration for sustainable growth and landscaping ability in Acorus calamus var. angustatus to Cd.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.129-139
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• 2016

Exercise increases the expression and interaction of major neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at both central and peripheral tissues, which contributes to improved brain and neural plasticity and cognitive function. Previous findings have been to understand the effect of light or moderate intensity aerobic exercise on neurotrophic factors and cognitive function, not that of high intensity aerobic exercise. However, recent findings suggest that high intensity interval training is a safe, less time-consuming, efficient way to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and weight control, thus American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM)’s guidelines for exercise prescription for various adult populations also recommend the application of high intensity interval training to promote their overall health. High intensity interval training also enhances the expression of BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF at the brain and peripheral tissues, which improves cognitive function. Increased frequency of intermittent hypoxia and increased usage of lactate as a supplementary metabolic resource at the brain and neural components are considered a putative physiological mechanism by which high intensity interval training improves neurotrophic factors and cognitive function. Therefore, future studies are required to understand how increased hypoxia and lactate usage leads to the improvement of neurotrophic factors and what the related biological mechanisms are. In addition, by comparing with the iso-caloric moderate continuous exercise, the superiority of high intensity interval training on the expression of neurotrophic factors and cognitive function should be demonstrated by associated future studies.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.207-212
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• 2002

This study was to examine the characteristics in the texture of acorn Mooks (acorn starch jelly) with different conditions to prepare acorn starch. By texture profile analysis, hardness and chewiness with 50% deformation were increased with increasing soaking days. Hardness of acorn Mook, measured by texture analyzer, showed significantly difference between the samples, and was closely related to the content of non-starchy substances and their intrinsic viscosity. The observation of microstructure through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that acorn Mook showed finer and more fibrous structure than control(0-0), sample without soaking of acorn and sediments. Sensory characteristics of acorn Mook were affected by soaking treatment. The result of acceptance test on acorn Mooks indicated that the color and hardness increased with the increase of soaking days of acorn nuts and soaking times of sediments. There was a little difference between the samples in astringency taste. Their overall acceptability also increased except for 4-2 sample (i.e., soaking of acorn, 4 days; soaking of sediments, 2 times) and 4-3 sample (i.e., soaking of acorn nuts, 4 days; soaking of sediments, 3 times). As the results, the color, light brown, and the taste, a little astringency with consistency, were important factors of acorn Mook.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 1997

Using barrier membrane, guided bone regeneration(GBR) and guided tissue regeneration(GTR) of periodontal tissue are now widely studied and good results were reported. In bone regeneration, not all cases gained good results and in some cases using GTR, bone were less regenerated than that of control. The purpose of this study is to search for the method to improve the success rate of GBR and GTR by examination of the cause of the failure. For these study, rats and beagle dogs were used. In rat study, 5mm diameter round hole was made on parietal bone of the rat and 10mm diameter of bioresorbable membrane was placed on the bone defects and sutured. In 1 ,2, 4 weeks later, the rats were sacrificed and Masson-Trichrome staining was done and inspected under light microscope for guided bone regeneration. In dog study, $3{\times}4mm^2$ Grade III furcation defect was made at the 3rd and 1th premolar on mandible of 6 beagle dogs. The defects were covered by bioresorbable membrane extending 2-3mm from the defect margin. The membrane was sutured and buccal flap was covered the defect perfectly. In 2, 4. 8 weeks later. the animals were sacrificed and undecalcified specimens were made and stained by multiple staining method. In rats. there was much amount of new bone formation at 2 weeks. and in 4 weeks specimen, bony defect was perfectly dosed and plenty amount of new bone marrow was developed. In some cases, there were failures of guided bone regeneration. In beagle dogs, guided tissue regeneration was incomplete when the defect was collapsed by the membrane itself and when the rate of resorption was so rapid than expected. The cause of the failure in GBR and GTR procedure is that 1) the membrane was not tightly seal the bony defects. If the sealing was not perfect, fibrous connective tissue infiltrate into the defect and inhibit the new bone formation and regeneration. 2) the membrane was too tightly attached to the tissue and then there was no space to be regenerated. In conclusion, the requirements of the membrane for periodontal tissue and bone regeneration are the biocompatibility, degree of sealingness, malleability. space making and manipulation. In this animal study. space making for new bone and periodontal ligament, and sealing the space might be the most important point for successful accomplishment of GBR and GTR.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1999

Since the use of porous silicon for microsensors and microactuators is in the euly stage of study, only several application devices, such as light-emitting diodes and chemical sensors have so far been demonstrated. In this paper we present an overview of the present status of porous silicon sensors and actuators research with special emphasis on the applications of chemical sensors and optical devices. The capacitive type porous silicon humidity sensors had a nonlinear capacitance-humidity characteristic and a good sensitivity at higher humidity above $40\%RH$. The porous silicon $n^+-p-n^+$ device showed a sharp increase in current when exposed to an ethanol vapor. The $p^+-PSi-n^+$ diode fabricated on porous silicon diaphragm exhibited an optical switching characteristic, opening up its utility as an optical sensor or switch. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, taken from porous silicon under 365 nm excitation, had a broad emission, peaked at -610 nm. The electroluminescence(EL) from ITO/PSi/In LED had a broader spectrum with a blue shifted peak at around 535nm than that of the PL.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.66
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• pp.242-272
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• 2014

This study examines why follow-up investigative programs about the sinking of the Cheonan Patrol Combat Corvette(ROKS Cheonan) have not been produced, despite much speculation surrounding the cause of the sinking since November 2010, when KBS investigative program, In-Depth 60 Minutes which had covered the incident was aired. We have uncovered four reasons through a series of in-depth interviews with producers and reporters, as follows. First, Korean military authorities monopolized relevant information, while the producers could not prove or confirm the validity of the findings of the JIG(Joint Civilian-Military Investigation Group)'s report because the facts had been revealed partially and selectively by the authorities and the press' scientific investigation were rejected by the authorities. Second, the crew of In-Depth 60 Minutes was subjected to severe disciplinary action by the Korea Communications Commission. This caused a chilling effect, - it broke the producers' resolve to further explore the reason behind the sinking. Furthermore, the screening of the investigative documentary, Project Cheonan Ship was cancelled without prior notice, presumably by the power of the State and markets. Third, the reorganization and shake-up of personnel by broadcasting stations' presidents appointed by the power of the State crushed the spirit of PD Journalism. Finally, the "red purge" factions stigmatized by the political or military, or the mainstream press, caused the producers or broadcasters to engage in self-censorship. The idea has been used in Korea as a smoke screen to deflect public attention. Nevertheless, the producers hope to shed light on the Cheonan sinking incident and to prove reasonable doubts by pursuing follow-up investigations.