• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.86-103
• /
• 2006

Using a combination of force transducer measurement to quantify net lift force, high frame rate camera to quantify and subtract inertial contributions, and Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) to calculate aerodynamic contributions in the spanwise plane, the contribution of spanwise flow to the generation of lift force in wings undergoing a pure flapping motion in hover is shown as a function of flapping angle throughout the flapping cycle. These experiments were repeated at various flapping frequencies and for various wing planform sizes for flat plate and span wise cambered wings. Despite the previous identification of the importance of span wise fluid structures in the generation of lift force in flapping wings throughout the existing body of literature, the direct contribution of spanwise flow to lift force generated has not previously been quantified. Therefore, in the same manner as commonly applied to investigate the chordwise lift distribution across an airfoil in flapping wings, spanwise flow due to bulk flow and rotational fluid dynamic mechanisms will be investigated to validate the existence of a direct component of the lift force originating from the flapping motion in the spanwise plane instead.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산유체공학회 2011년 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.362-367
• /
• 2011

The aerodynamic performance of the pantograph of the next generation high sped train is analyzed. The calculation of the flow around pantograph is carried cut by FLUENT; by the steady state flow calculation with ${\kappa}-{\omega}$ SST turbulence model, the lift force of the pantograph is computed. For the verification of the numerical schemes am grid systems, flow calculations are performed with the pantograph shape which was used at the experiments performed at Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI) in Japan. Then, the difference of lift force between numerical am experimental results is about 10%. Therefore, selected numerical schemes and the current grid system is adequate for the analysis am prediction of the aerodynamic performance of panthograph system. Based on these numerical schemes am grid system, the flow around pantograph of the next generation high sped train is calculated and the lift force of the pantograph is predicted; the lift force of the pantograph is about 146N.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.16-22
• /
• 2010

A flow visualization has been conducted to investigate unsteady flight characteristics of a model of dragonfly. The mechanism of lift generation by flapping wings is analyzed using smoke-wire and high speed camera. The experimental results of flow visualization show a discernible sequential dynamics that three mechanisms and high incidence angle of the wings are responsible for the lift generation. The leading edge vortex by the rapid acceleration of leading edge of the wing during initial stage of stroke causes a strong lift enhancement. Delayed stall during the stroke, fast supination and pronation of the wing near the end of each stroke are also responsible for the lift generation.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
• /
• pp.389-394
• /
• 2007

Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the mechanism for force generation of an insect with tandem wing configuration. Various stroke amplitudes, stroke plane angles and phase difference between the fore- and hind-wings are considered. The Reynolds number is 150 based on the chord length and maximum translation velocity of the wing. When an insect requires high lift such as takeoff, it flaps its wings in parallel at a lower stroke plane angle and a bigger stroke amplitude than those in the hovering. With wings in counter-stroke, the lift fluctuations decrease, and moreover mean lift force decreases. Interactions among the fore-wing, hind-wing and vortices are examined to explain the force variations

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.109-124
• /
• 2006

This paper describes the characteristics of the fluctuating lift forces when a circular cylinder vibrates in the cross-flow direction. The response characteristics on elastically supported the circular cylinder was first examined by a free-vibration test. Next, flow-induced vibrations obtained by the free-vibration test were reproduced by a forced-vibration test, and then the characteristics of the fluctuating lift forces, the work done by the fluctuating lift, the behavior of the rolling-up of the separated shear layers were investigated on the basis of the visualized flow patterns. The main findings were that (i) the fluctuating lift forces become considerably large than those of a stationary circular cylinder, (ii) negative pressure generates on the surface of the circular cylinder when the rolling-up of separated shear layer begins, (iii) the phase between the fluctuating lift force and the cylinder displacement changes abruptly as the reduced velocity $U_r$ increases, and (iv) whether the generating cross-flow vibration becomes divergent or convergent can be described based on the work done by the fluctuating lift force. Furthermore, it was found that the generation of cross-flow vibration can be perfectly suppressed when the small tripping rods are installed on the surface of the circular cylinder.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제37권8호
• /
• pp.729-736
• /
• 2009

벌새(Selasphorus rufus)의 날갯짓 운동에 의한 양력발생 및 추력발생 메커니즘을 이해하고자 2차원 수치해석을 수행하였다. 날갯짓 운동의 궤적은 풍동 실험에서 관찰된 결과를 모델링하여 해석하였다. 비행속도에 따라 날갯짓 운동 궤적이 달라지고, 그 결과 양력 및 추력의 발생 메커니즘이 변화하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 이를 통하여 비행속도를 저속비행과 고속비행으로 구분하여 물리적인 이해를 하고자 하였다. 양력발생의 경우에는 기존의 날갯짓 비행의 주된 양력발생 메커니즘인 앞전와류효과(Leading Edge Vortex Effect), 실속지연(Delayed Stall), 후류포착(Wake capture)등의 메커니즘을 확인하였으며, 벌새에서 유일하게 관찰되는 Upstroke에서의 양력발생 메커니즘을 유동특성 분석을 통하여 확인하였다. 추력발생의 경우에는 벌새의 골격 구조, 와류형성 및 압력구배에 따른 합력 성분의 분해를 통하여 이해할 수 있었다.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.85-89
• /
• 2016

Wing is the most important part of aircraft which produces lift. In general when aircraft takes off or lands, high lift is required and additional devices are adopted in front and aft-side of wing, which constitute so-called multi element airfoils. The objective of this research is to develop a specialized grid generation program to help engineers in reducing human labor and eliminating time-consuming process for mesh regeneration by deforming the initially-given grid system with efficient deforming method. This paper describes briefly about the mesh deformation methods, and provides some results to verify the quality of deformed mesh and eventually correctness of current approach.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2007

검정금파리 날개의 “8자 운동”에 의한 공기역학적 힘의 발생에 관해 수치해석을 수행하였다. 날개운동은 자유류가 있는 tethered flight 실험에서 관찰된 결과에서 인용하였다. 해석결과 양력은 downstroke 중일 때 주로 발생하였고 추력은 upstroke 끝에서 갑작스럽게 발생하였다. 본 연구에서는 양력과 추력 발생의 이러한 특성을 후류에서의 와류구조와 에어포일 주위의 압력장을 통해 물리적으로 이해하고자 하였다. 결과적으로 양력발생은 유효받음각의 증가에 따른 앞전와류와 관계있었으며, 추력발생은 유동장 형태의 측면에서 와류 짝(vortex pairing)현상과 압력장 측면에서 와류정지 현상으로 설명할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.847-852
• /
• 2004

The wind turbine blade is the equipment converted wind into electric energy. The effect of the blade has influence of the output power and efficiency of wind turbine. The design of blade is considered of lift-to-drag ratio. structure. a condition of process of manufacture and stable maximum lift coefficient, etc. This study is used the simplified method for design of the aerodynamic blade and aerodynamic analysis used blade element method This Process is programed by delphi-language. The Program has any input values such as tip speed ratio blade length. hub length. a section of shape and max lift-to-drag ratio. The Program displays chord length and twist angle by input value and analyzes performance of the blade.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.653-663
• /
• 2012

본 논문에서는 높은 기동성을 목적으로, 적절한 양력과 추진력이 발생하도록 스트로크 평면의 경사각을 고려하여 경로최적화를 수행한다. 기동성비행은 추진력을 최대화하는 비행, 양력을 최대화하는 비행, 양력과 추진력을 동시에 최대화하는 비행 세 가지로 정의하고 날갯짓운동은 단순한 사인함수로 이루어진 플런징과 피칭운동으로 정의하였다. 경로최적화 과정에서 직교배열표를 이용하여 후보점을 생성하고, 그 후보점에서 2 차원 비정상 유동해석을 하였다. 유동해석 결과를 바탕으로 크리깅방법을 이용하여 근사모델을 생성하였다. 그리고 설계정식화를 정의하고 유전알고리즘을 이용하여 최적화를 수행하였다. 세 가지 목적의 날갯짓 경로의 최적화를 통해 기동성비행을 위한 날갯짓 경로를 제시하였다. 또한 날갯짓 운동으로 인해 생성되는 와류를 분석함으로써 양력과 추진력의 발생원리를 확인하였다.