• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.5.1-5.22
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• 2022

The approval of immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), adoptive cell therapies and cancer vaccines has revolutionized the way cancer treatment is approached. While immunotherapies have improved clinical outcome in a variety of tumor types, some cancers have proven harder to combat using single agents, underscoring the need for multi-targeted immunotherapy approaches. Efficacy of CPIs and cancer vaccines requires patients to have a competent immune system with adequate cell numbers while the efficacy of adoptive cellular therapy is limited by the expansion and persistence of cells after infusion. A promising strategy to overcome these challenges is combination treatment with common gamma-chain cytokines. Gamma-chain cytokines play a critical role in the survival, proliferation, differentiation and function of multiple immune cell types, including CD8 T-cells and NK cells, which are at the center of the anti-tumor response. While the short halflife of recombinant cytokines initially limited their application in the clinic, advancements in protein engineering have led to the development of several next-generation drug candidates with dramatically increased half-life and bioactivity. When combining these cytokines with other immunotherapies, strong evidence of synergy has been observed in preclinical and clinical cancer settings. This promising data has led to the initiation of 70 ongoing clinical trials including IL-2, IL-7, IL-15 and IL-21. This review summarizes the recent advancements of common gamma-chain cytokines and their potential as a cancer immunotherapy.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2011

건강과 삶의 질 향상에 대한 관심이 커짐에 따라 도시녹지가 가져다 주는 건강편익이 크게 주목되고 있지만, 이에 관한 객관적이고 과학적인 데이터는 매우 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 도시녹지가 가져다 주는 건강편익에 대한 과학적 자료를 얻기 위해 생리적, 심리적 지표를 활용하여 실험을 실시하였다. 과거병력이 없는 20대 남자 대학생 20명이 실험에 참가하였고, 자극은 녹지와 도시에서 실제의 경관을 15분간 감상하는 것으로 하였다. 이번 연구는 충남대학교 의학전문대학원 생명윤리심사위원회의 승인을 받은 후 실시되었다. 녹지와 도시에 대한 생리반응을 분석한 결과, 도시에 비해 녹지에서 심박동수가 현저히 감소하였고, 안정상태에서 증가하는 부교감신경활동이 유의하게 향상되었으며, 스트레스호르몬의 일종인 코티솔 농도가 낮아지는 경향이 보였다. 심리반응에 있어서는 부정적인 감정과 정신상태가 녹지에서 보다 유의하게 낮아진 반면, 활력은 유의하게 증가하였다. 이번 연구의 결과는, 녹지를 접하는 것이 심리적 변화뿐만 아니라 인체의 자율신경계와 내분비계 활동에 긍정적 변화를 가져다 준다는 것을 보여주는 것으로써, 녹지가 도시민의 건강증진과 관련하여 매우 직접적인 환경요인이 될 수 있음을 과학적으로 뒷받침한다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.360-367
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• 2010

본 연구는 ISSR 표지자를 이용하여 동강할미꽃 3개 지역, 5개 집단, 총 177 개체로부터 유전적 특성을 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 6개 ISSR primer의 56개 표지자에서의 종 수준에서의 유전다양성은 P=94.6, SI=0.377, h=0.240로, 제한된 분포와 작은 집단크기를 고려할 때 상당한 수준으로 평가되었다. AMOVA 분석 결과 전체 유전변이의 약 12%가 지역 간에, 약 13%가 지역 내 집단 간에 존재하는 것으로 나타나, 지역 및 집단에 따른 분화정도는 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 평가되었다. 이는 인근집단 간에 유전자 교류가 비교적 원활히 이루어지기 때문으로 판단되었다. 동강할미꽂 집단 간 분화정도는 주로 지리적 거리에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 유집분석과 주좌표분석을 통해서도 이를 확인할 수 있었다. 크기가 작고 고립된 삼척집단(SC)에서는 많은 유전자좌에서의 표지자 밴드의 빈도가 현저히 다르거나 다른 방향으로 고정되어 유전적 부동이 진행되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 앞으로 동강할미꽃의 집단크기가 계속 감소하면 유전다양성이 심각하게 훼손될 뿐만 아니라 집단 전체의 절멸로 이어질 우려가 있다. 따라서 동강할미꽃의 보전을 위해서는 무엇보다 고유의 서식처 환경을 보호하여 집단크기가 감소하거나 집단 간의 연결성이 훼손되지 않도록 해야 할 것이다. 현지에서의 종자산포나 이식 등의 보전 조치는 생태적, 유전적 특성을 고려하여 신중히 이루어져야 한다. 또한 집단의 유전적 구조 변화 등에 관한 기초연구와 함께 동강할미꽃의 효율적 보전을 위한 통합적인 체계 구축이 시급한 과제 중의 하나이다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2007

A reliability acceptance sampling plan (RASP) consists of a set of life test procedures and rules for eitheraccepting or rejecting a collection of items based on the sampled lifetime data. Most of the existing RASPs areconcerned with the case where test items are available at the same time. However, as in the early stage ofproduct development, it may be difficult to secure test items at the same time. In such a case, it is inevitable toconduct a life test using sequentially supplied samples.In this paper, it is assumed that test items are sequentially supplied, the lifetimes of test items follow anexponential disthbution, failures are monitored continuously, arrival times of test items are known, and thenumber of test items at each arrival time is given. Under these assumptions, RASPs are developed by deter-mining the test completion time and the critical value for the maximum likelihood estimator of the mean lifetimesuch that the producer and consumer risks are satisfied. Then, the developed plans are compared to thetraditional Type-I censored RASPs in terms of the test completion time. Computational results indicate that thetest completion time of the developed RASP is shorter than that of the traditional Type-I censored plan in mostcases considered. It is also found that the superiority of the developed RASP becomes more prominent as theinter-arrival times of test items increase and/or the total number of test items gets larger.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.164-174
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• 2003

본 연구는 연약지반상에 축조되는 농업용 저수지의 합리적인 안정관리의 기준을 수립하기 위하여 현장계측결과를 기초로 시공중 또는 완공후에 측방유동 등으로 인하여 국부적인 전단파괴 가능성을 현장계측치로부터 비교분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 한계평형법에 의해 안전율을 비교하면 Spencer방법과 간이 Bishop방법은 거의 유사하게 나타났고, 간이 Janbu 방법은 약간 작게 나타났다. Spencer방법은 흙의 활동부분에 대해 힘과 모멘트 두 평형방정식을 만족시키는 해석방법이므로 저수지의 안정성을 해석하는데는 합리적이라 판단된다. 2. 수평변위는 물리적 성질의 변곡점이 형성되는 부분에서 급증하였고, 성토의 안정관리는 각 토층의 경계부분에서 가장 불안정한 상태로 나타나므로 분석시 가장 우선적으로 검토하여야 한다. 3. 수평변위속도에 의한 안정성 평가방법은 파괴 가능성을 미리 예측하는데 상당히 효율적인 방법이라고 판단되고, 전단파괴 가능성이 높은 무처리 지반에서의 안전율의 기준은 처리지반보다도 신중하게 선정하여야 할 것으로 판단된다. 4. 점증하중에 의한 시공중 안정성을 계측자료를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 파괴기준선에 접근하여 위험가능성이 있는 부분도 있었으나 성토체는 안정한 것으로 확인되어 안정관리상 파괴기준선으로 안정성을 평가하는 것보다는 곡선의 기울기로 판단하는 것이 합리적이다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2012

Nowadays, a 1-2 person household if increasing due to the aging population and the low birth rate. Thus, in August 2011, Seoul held the 'College Student's Idea Competition', which dealt with small but strong housing that has a very reasonable structure in spite of its small scale in order to improve the quality of small housing for a 1-2 person households. The study indicates the characteristic of this small housing in order to target competition entries from college students; 93- works have been processed. First, the properties of residents are investigated through the number of household members and the relations of the residents. To ensure various element techniques of the entries, the study analyzes data via a structured analysis. Along with structured element techniques according to each level, eight element techniques of the furniture level, housing unit level, main building, and district-level are derived. This study suggests various element techniques in response to the efficiency of area in households as well as housing unit levels. Plans of public spaces and community life housing are offered at the level of the main building and at the district-level. Through an analysis of competition, the critical point of small house planning in deliberation is not only about space and economic efficiency of physical unit, but the life of the residents.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.357-366
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• 2017

Urban planning and engineering undergraduate students need to understand the earth physical systems and that how human beings interact with the earth systems to planning and engineering urban area. The eco-friendly or geo-friendly design and planning of an urban area is a critical issue not only for economic benefits but more importantly for the sustainable future of urban life. However, little study has been done dealing with the urban engineering students' understanding of the earth as a system and what pedagogical approach is appropriate to improve their understanding of the earth as a system. This study is to investigate the impact of a purposely designed ESS course on urban engineering students' understanding of the earth as a system and their perceptions about the instructional approaches of the course on their learning competency. This study utilized a mixed-methodology with three main data sources: concept maps, student's perception survey about their learning competency, and course contents. Both the survey and concept maps were analyzed quantitatively as well as qualitatively. The result of this study showed that the urban engineering students' experience of team-based research about the topic they chose based on their own interest had a positive impact on their understanding of the earth as a system and their learning competency. The results of this study suggest that structuring and presenting the earth system contents in the context of engineering students' understanding and their future career be effective not only for the improvement of students' content knowledge but also for the enhancement of their learning competency such as creativity and problem-solving skills in everyday life situation.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.679-686
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• 2010

A proprietary device is adopted to break out the membrane of cell in the rigid polyurethane foam. As it is known, the membrane of cell is hardly tearing-off thoroughly in a mechanical way due to both its elastic characteristic and micro sized pores. In this study, a novel experimental approach is introduced to burst out all gases inside the cells of the rigid polyurethane foam by abrasively grinding micro-cells completely into fine powder. The biggest advantage of this approach is to be capable of releasing all gases out from the cell even in the micro pores. As clearly reflected from the repeatability, the accuracy of the result is highly improved and high confidence in the data sets as well. For the measurements of not only gas composition but partial pressure for each gas simultaneously as well, a precision gas mass spectrometer is used in-line directly to the abrasive grinding device. To control the starting point of the polyurethane foam, all samples were prepared on site in the laboratory. Manufactured time is one of the most critical factors in characterization of cell gas composition because it is known that one of gas composition, especially, carbon dioxide, is diffused out dramatically in a short period of time as soon as it is foamed.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.95-117
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of anxiety about economic change in middle-aged and elderly people and to analyze the factors that influence this anxiety. The data, derived from Korean General Social Survey(KGSS) were collected from Survey Research Center of Sung Kyun Kwan University. The samples included 821 people over the age of 40, including 529 middle-aged people who were from 40 to 59, and elderly people who were over 60. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the research model. The findings from the analysis showed that age and subjective economic status had crucial effects on the entire group's anxiety about unemployment and poverty, housing prices, financial markets, and economic recession in the older life. For the middle-aged group, age in particular had crucial effects on all the components of its anxiety about economic change. For the elderly group, geographical region was the most critical factor that affected its anxiety about economic change, the elderly people who were living in metropolitan area and towns had more anxiety than those who were living in rural areas. In particular, region was the only factor that affected the elderly group's anxiety about financial markets, and economic recession. These results showed that specific age of middle-aged and elderly people had the crucial effects while their sex, educational level, and the employment status of their spouse had no effects on their anxiety about economic change. Objective economic indices such as their earned-income and other income including savings and pensions had no effects on their anxiety level. While as noted above subjective economic indices such as their standard of living compared with their parents, projected economic status, and level of socio-economic success had an effect on anxiety about economic change.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.734-743
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• 2012

High sodium consumption is a significant nutrition problem in South Korea; however, few studies have examined the awareness and practice of dietitians with respect to low sodium diet in schools. In this study, we collected data from 211 dietitians in 2012. Most respondents indicated that sodium reduction was important in school meals (very important 40.5%, somewhat important 55.6%); however, they rarely checked the sodium content in the nutrition labels of processed foods (never/rarely 74.2%, sometimes 18.7%, always/often 7.2%). The main reason for not checking the sodium content was 'no nutrition table on some processed foods' (38.5%). The most important barrier to sodium reduction in school meals was overcoming the negative taste of students related to a reduced-sodium diet (70.4%). The most frequently used processed foods were processed meat (e.g. ham, bacon) (48.3%), frozen dumplings and noodles (33.8%), and sausage and dressing (14.5%) in school meals. The proportion of dietitians who used processed food ${\geq}$ 2 times per week for the school menu was 72.2% in high school, 28.4% in middle school and 12.4% in elementary school (p<0.05). Upon ranking of the importance of nutrients in school menus, calories received the highest score (4.35 points), followed by macronutrient ratios (4.30), calcium (4.06), iron (3.44) and sodium (3.20). Although most dietitians recognized that sodium reduction was important in school menu planning, they had poor dietary practices. It is suggested that we educate dietitians as well as students about the importance and practice of a reduced sodium diet. Furthermore, it is critical to develop diverse low sodium recipes and have a required nutrition labeling system for all processed foods. Overall, the results of this study could serve as a guide to planning effective nutrition programs to reduce sodium consumption in school feeding programs.