• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.159-165
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• 2018

In recent years, universal design concepts have been introduced that are designed to make everybody more comfortable and safe to use for products, buildings, environments, services, and so on. In the case of urban railroad history, it is important to maintain facilities that incorporate the universal design concept because it is an important facility that serves as a base of city life and there are various users. This research is the last annual task of 5 years as part of the project of "Development of Technique to Improve the Convenience of Urban Railway History User" by the National Institute of Transportation Technology Promotion Agency. The purpose of this study is to develop criteria and method of facilities convenience evaluation based on UD and to evaluate user convenience by selecting test bed station. For this purpose, the UD principle of the historic facilities of Weihai Urban Railway was established and detailed evaluation criteria were presented. As a result of evaluating the test bed history using the 5-point Likert scale of the joint research institute / railway operating agency / expert, 50.3% of convenience improvement was achieved. As a result of evaluating the applicability according to the UD principle, 48.7% Respectively. The evaluation criteria and methodology based on the UD suggested in this study is a quantitative method for evaluating UD application of urban railway facilities in the future.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.848-854
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• 2007

Purpose : The present study examined the etiology and risk factors of the early breast-feeding jaundice and the usefulness of auditory brainstem response test as early predictor of kernicterus. Methods : Medical records of neonatal jaundice in newborn admitted to Daegu Fatima Hospital between September 2005 and May 2006 were analyzed prospectively. Infants were grouped according to feeding method : breast feeding group (breast feeding only, n=23), mixed feeding group (breast feeding mainly plus addition of fomula feeding, n=13). Results : There were no significant differences in gestational age, birth weight, sex, duration of phototherapy, serum bilirubin and hemolytic evidence between the two study groups. First visiting day of life at out patient department was significantly delayed in breast feeding group ($8.7{\pm}3.6day$) compared to mixed feeding group ($6.0{\pm}1.9$) (P=0.009). Weight loss was significantly severe in breast feeding group compared to mixed feeding group (P<0.05). In auditory brainstem response test, loss of Wave V in 3 cases was observed and recoverd after blood exchange transfusion in follow up test.Wave III latency had significant correlation to serum bilirubin in auditory brainstem response test (70 dB) (P=0.002). Conclusion : Our study suggest that further education about breast feeding and follow up within the first postnatal week would be necessary for early detection and prevention of early breast-feeding jaundice. Test of serum bilirubin and auditory brainstem response would be helpful in determination of blood exchange transfusion.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.127-150
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• 2001

The upcoming century is a knowledge based society which did not exist before which requires creative ability to solve problems. Therefore, it is necessary to Provide a creative program of problem solution in order to match this global trend The creativity of problem solution means the ability to solve a problem using previous ideas in an advanced way or develop new ideas. Creative education is especially important for infants. Because the young mind is where fresh ideas preside and can frame-work the early stage of life like a blank sheet of paper. The Infant-Early Child Creative Development Institute. as an adhesive institute at Yeungjin College, develops various programs that integrate methods which match current trend in this era and also start the Creative Promotion Test with 2,000 Families for the expansion of creative education from the baseline as an alternative method. The infants tested in the creative test will find ways of problem solution through animation beam projects for their given situation and also discuss the problems with their family members. Through these processes the infant and family members will complete the creative structures to solve the problems using limited materials given by the institute, and the final product will be evaluated as objective results. The final evaluation of the test will also be considered the teamwork of family cooperation and the attitudes of participants as well as the product of problem solution. The criterion of the evaluation is to be considered both a creative way of thinking and creative attitudes. Because the score counts were conducted manually it delayed the selection of awarded students who took the test. Also, we found that some parents have difficulty in accessing information to find the score through homepage from the computer. this Problem might be corrected in the future plan. Like Freud's saying, if human character and exploring attitudes during the early stage of a child, a person's creativity is composed their infant period as their basic foundation. Therefore, the family wh first environment the infant encounters will be treated as a prima when making basic structure. From this viewpoint, this creative test work as a festival of creativity fare with 2,000 families.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.23-33
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• 2021

In Korea, many reservoirs have been built for the purpose of solving the food shortage problem and supplying agricultural water. However, the current 75.6% of the reservoirs are in serious aged as more than 50 years have passed since the year of construction. In the case of such an aging reservoir, the stability due to scour and erosion inside the reservoir is very reduced, and if concentrated rainfall due to recent abnormal weather occurs, the aging reservoir may collapse, leading to a lot of damage to property and human life. Accordingly, each agency that manages aging reservoirs uses Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) as an injection material and applies the grouting method. However, in the case of OPC, it may deteriorate over time and water leakage may occur again. And there are environmental problems such as consumption of natural resources and generation of greenhouse gases. So, there is a need to develop new materials and methods that can replace the OPC. In this study, an laboratory test and analysis were performed on the grout material developed to induce a curing reaction similar to that of OPC by recycling power plant byproduct. In addition, test in the field such as electric resistivity survey, Standard Penetration Test (SPT), and field permeability test were performed to analyzed to reinforcement effect and determine the possibility of using instead of OPC. As a results of the test, in the case of recycled power plant byproduct, the compressive strength was 2.9 to 3.2 times and the deformation modulus was 2.3 to 3.3 times higher, indicating that it is excellent in strength and can be used instead of OPC. And it was analyzed that the N value of the reservoir was increased by 1~2, and the coefficient of permeability (k) decreased to the level of 8.9~42.5%. showing sufficient reinforcing effect in terms of order.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.623-634
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• 1994

Although the average menopausal age has not changed, women's life span has increased. Today's women live longer after their menopause than those in the past, and this calls for attention in both nursing and medical fields. Many studies have revealed how women reacted to menopause and suffered from it. But they did not discriminate the menopausal meaning and effects from the climacteric phenomena. So, this author tried to clarify what menopause itself meant to the climacteric women, by means of grounded theory methodology. The interviewees were 21 women, whose ages were between 46 and 60 years. They were selected by theoretical sampling technique, and the author tried to include all levels of important variables such as age, educational background, religion and job. Data were collected by the author through in -depth interviews and observations in July, 1994. The interviews were mostly done in the homes of the subjects, or in some cases at the author's office or in a hospital. Interviews took from 30 minutes to 2 hours. Interviews were tape recorded and transcribed later by a research assistant. Data were analyzed as gathered, by the constant comparative method proposed by Strauss and Corbin. Eleven concepts were discovered from the data, and they were grouped under six higher order categories. These six categories were "to give menopause a meaning", "to experience value change", "to have self-help strategies", "to have no strategies", "to live a life worth living", "to have a sense of powerlessness" Among these "to experionce value change" was . selected as the core category. Five major categories were systematically integrated around the core category. Women's adaptation to menopause was defined as proceeding as follows : Most women felt relief and sorrow at the same time when they faced menopause, and some only sorrow or agony. Then, they consulted with others about menopausal symptoms, or tried to think of them by themselves. Finally, they gave menopause a meaning, which was that menopause and its symptoms were natural phenomena. But menopause made women reflect on them-selves and their past lives. As they reflected on themselves, their value on life began to change. As their value changed, some women seeked self help strategies. Those self help strategies were what they had learned from collegues, professionals or mass media. The quality of their lives depended on whether they practiced self help strategies or not. Three types of lives were found. Twelve women enjoyed a life worth living, and practiced the self help strategies, because they accepted menopause a chance to change. They were characterized by a high educational level, having a professional job and a sincere faith in God. Seven women were living as usual, because they did not have the necessity to change. They were high school graduates and house wives. Two women recognized menopause a chance to change, but they did not try self help strategies. Their characteristic was low educational level. Those who did not try self help strategies complained of powerlessness to varying degrees. The educational background, full-time jobs and faith helped women adapt to menopause positively. But social support was not helpful to women's adaptation to menepause. Three hypotheses were derived from the analysis. (1) The higher the educational level, the more theneed to change. (2) Women with higher educational background will practice self help strategies more than those with lower edcational background. (3) The more women practice self help strategies, the worthier lives they will live. Suggestions for further studies are as follows. (1) Studies to test hypotheses are needed. (2) A study to find the relationship between the degree of practicing self help strategies and locus of control. (3) Spiritual approaches would better be applied to help menopausal women. (4) Education through mass media should be given mere frequently.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2008

Purpose : Large exon deletions in the DMD gene are found in about 60% of DMD/BMD patients. Multiplex PCR has been employed to detect the deletion mutation, which frequently generates noise PCR products due to the presence of multiple primers in a single reaction as well as the stringency of PCR conditions. This often leads to a false-negative or false-positive result. To address this problematic issue, we introduced the dual primer oligonucleotide (DPO) system. DPO contains two separate priming regions joined by a polydeoxyinosine linker that results in high PCR specificity even under suboptimal PCR conditions. Methods : We tested 50 healthy male controls, 50 patients with deletion mutation as deletion-positive patient controls, and 20 patients with no deletions as deletion-negative patient controls using DPO-multiplex PCR. Both the presence and extent of deletion were verified by simplex PCR spanning the promoter region (PM) and 18 exons including exons 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 13, 17, 19, 43-48, 50-52, and 60 in all 120 controls. Results : DPO-multiplex PCR showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for the detection a deletion. However, it showed 97.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity for determining the extent of deletions. Conclusion : The DPO-multiplex PCR method is a useful molecular test to detect large deletions of DMD for the diagnosis of patients with DMD/BMD because it is easy to perform, fast, and cost-effective and has excellent sensitivity and specificity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.1165-1170
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• 2010

A method for the determination of four pesticide compounds, urea (isoproturon), bis-carbamate (phenmedipham), thiocarbamate (pyridate) and vinyllidenediamine (nitenpyram) were examined and analyzed by HPLC with C-18 column ($250\;mm{\times}4.6\;mm$, $5\;{\mu}m$ diameter particle size). Mobile phase consisted of deionized water, acetonitrile and 50 mM $KH_2PO_4$ (pH 2.5). Isoproturon and phenmedipham analytical condition was isocratic elution of the column with 50% solvent A (acetonitrile) and 50% solvent B (deionized water); pyridate was 85% solvent A (acetonitrile) and 15% solvent B (deionized water) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min; and nitenpyram analytical condition was 90% solvent A (50 mM $KH_2PO_4$, pH 2.5) and 10% solvent B (acetonitrile) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. In results, retention times were 6.12, 8.63, 9.40 and 12.76 min for isoproturon, phenmedipham, pyridate and nitenpyram, respectively. All injection volumes were $10\;{\mu}L$ and the limit of quantitation was 0.05 mg/kg for four pesticide compounds, respectively. Recovery rate test was performed with three farm products, rice, apple and soybean. Four pesticide compounds were spiked at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg. The recovery rates were ranged from 70.18% to 118.08% and the standard deviations of all experiments were within 10%.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.35-57
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• 2022

This study developed an 'Eco-friendly Clothing Life Cycle' class applying gamification. And the effect of and learners' satisfaction on the class were examined after implementation. The developed class was applied to 40 sophomore students from "A" high school in Gyeonggi-do from February 3, 2022, to February 10, 2022, in a total of 4 sessions. The class was conducted in the stages of production-distribution-consumption-disposal, and was conducted in a way that a mission is solved after learning in Gather Town. It is designed so that learners continuously repeat learning until they accomplish the mission. The learners completed pre-class and post-class questionnaires. And a focus group interview was conducted with a randomly selected group of three learners. According to the pre-/post-class test comparison, the gamification class on the theme of "Eco-friendly Clothing Life Cycle" was found not to have a significant effect on learners' immersion or self-directed learning attitudes. However, in the case of the learners with high levels of non-immersion tendency, the level of immersion in the class increased, and the satisfaction level was positively associated with the level of immersion and self-directed attitude. Learners expressed 'concern' and 'expectation' about the gamification class, and said that although the developed class was using a 'new teaching method', 'appropriate use' was necessary. And learners were evaluated this class as a 'student-centered class' and acknowledged that it allowed 'self-directed learning'. The teacher who implemented the class said that this class was more effective in attracting students' expectations and interests compared to the conventional classes, and that the class in the meta-verse environment was perceived as a new type of class in the non-face-to-face era. The teacher also mentioned that when applied to the actual educational field, a detailed design is needed that allows the learners to proceed smoothly, and the role of the teacher in the class was more important. And the teacher also mentioned that the class should be properly designed so that the expectations given by the 'game' do not obscure the essence of the class.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 1999

Purpose : The hospice movement began about 30 years ago in Korea. However, basic studies have seldom been conducted about the general public's knowledge concerning hospice care and their needs for it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the general public's knowledge of and attitude toward hospice, and their needs for hospice care, and to analyze the needs for hospice care in relation to their knowledge and attitude in residents from a specific community. Methods : The survey was conducted with 924 people randomly selected from a district in Seoul. The data were collected through a self-reporting questionnaire constructed by the authors. With 30 items given in the questionnaire, the level of hospice needs showed Cronbach's alpha .89 in a pilot study and .92 in this study and the items were classified into four areas by a factor analysis. The data collected were analyzed by means of t-test and ANOVA. Results : 1) The average age of the respondents was 38. The majority of the respondents were well-educated. 2) Regarding awareness of hospice care, 54%(501 people) indicated they have heard of hospice. About 74% thought that people should be able to prepare for death in advance. About 83% wanted to be informed when they have life threatening illnesses such as terminal cancer. Also, about 63% responded that patients with terminal diseases should be provided with physical, spiritual, and psychological care for minimizing pain and peaceful death. Regarding the attitude toward hospice care, 74% responded that they would use hospice care if needed. The number of the respondents who preferred home visitation by the hospice team to care for the terminally ill ranked first with 34%. Concerning needs for hospice care : 1) By needs area, physical need showed highest mean(M=4.37), followed by social need(M=3.96), emotional need(M=3.87), and the spiritual need(M=3.79). The overall need level showed the mean value of 4.00 which reflects a considerable need for hospice care. 2) By demographic characteristics, people age over 50, the married, and the unemployed indicated higher level of needs for hospice care. Women showed higher level of needs than did men, and Catholics demonstrated higher level of needs than believers of other religion(P<0.0001). 3) As for the knowledge of and attitude toward hospice rare, the level of hospice care needs was significantly higher in the following groups: those who have heard of hospice, those who are aware of death preparation, those who want information on terminal diseases, those who want to use every method to sustain life, and those who are aware of hospice needs(P<0.001). Conclusion : It is assumed that the findings of this study on the knowledge, attitude, and needs for hospice care in the public can contribute to planning a successful hospice care program. Furthermore, the findings of this study will serve as useful data for the promotion of home hospice care to improve the quality of life of community residents, and contribute to the development of hospice care as a whole.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.125-153
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• 2005

It has been widely known that the seismic piezo-cone penetration test (SCPTU) is one of the most useful techniques for investigating the geotechnical characteristics including dynamic soil properties. As the practical applications in Korea, SCPTU was carried out at two sites in Busan and four sites in Incheon, which are mainly composed of alluvial or marine soil deposits. From the SCPTU waveform data obtained from the testing sites, the first arrival times of shear waves were and the corresponding time differences with depth were determined using the cross-over method, and the shear wave velocity profiles (VS) were derived based on the refracted ray path method based on Snell's law and similar to the trend of cone tip resistance (qt) profiles. In Incheon area, the testing depths of SCPTU were deeper than those of conventional down-hole seismic tests. Moreover, for the application of the conventional CPTU to earthquake engineering practices, the correlations between VS and CPTU data were deduced based on the SCPTU results. For the empirical evaluation of VS for all soils together with clays and sands which are classified unambiguously in this study by the soil behavior type classification Index (IC), the authors suggested the VS-CPTU data correlations expressed as a function of four parameters, qt, fs, $\sigma$, v0 and Bq, determined by multiple statistical regression modeling. Despite the incompatible strain levels of the down-hole seismic test during SCPTU and the conventional CPTU, it is shown that the VS-CPTU data correlations for all soils clays and sands suggested in this study is applicable to the preliminary estimation of VS for the Korean deposits and is more reliable than the previous correlations proposed by other researchers.