• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.9-21
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to suggest a fire prevention measure for suppressing and preventing loss of precious human lives and property damages. The characteristics of incendiary fire are analyzed in terms of fire engineering to review a plan for promoting for coping with the risk. In this study, a medical aspect such as mental and psychological analysis of the motive or act of an incendiary and legal and administrative problems such as the penalty for the incendiary are not included in the scope of the study. Fire statistics data of Korea, Japan, and U.S. are investigated for analysis of actual states of incendiary fire occurrences. In particular, to quantitatively recognize the burning characteristics of common fire and the burning characteristics of incendiary fire, a fire model test and computer simulation were performed. And a plan for promoting the optimal incendiary fire prevention measure were suggest.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.3
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• pp.306-335
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• 2000

The desires for safety of body and life can be said to be fundamental and natural in human beings. But the rapid industrialization and urbanization phenomena in our modern society is accelerating the treand for increasing diverse social pathology. Rise of serious crimes such as robbery and rape has already become an especially serious social problem and is at the point of threatening our welfare and social order. But the police, which is primarily responsible for the maintenance of welfare and social order of the public, is unable to respond actively to the increasing demand for policing due to the lack of available manpower and overwork. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to look for a plan to actively respond to the daily increasing outcry for law and order so that the public may maintain safe and happy lifestyles without the threat of crime. One concrete and practical strategy is to resolutely separate and transfer some of the many functions of the police that can be handled by citizen organizations to those groups so that the police can be relied upon to become functionally efficient. This will decrease the work of the police, thereby allowing the police to concentrate on its inherent responsibilities. As its primary example, 'transferring the function of security' of the police to the private security industry is suggested in this thesis.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1337-1353
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• 2015

Seismic upgrading of existing structures is a technical and social issue aimed at risk reduction. Sustainable design is one of the most important challenges in any structural project. Nowadays, many retrofit strategies are feasible and several traditional and innovative options are available to engineers. Basically, the design strategy can lead to increase structural ductility, strength, or both of them, but also stiffness regulation and supplemental damping are possible strategies to reduce seismic vulnerability. Each design solution has different technical and economical performances. In this paper, four different design solutions are presented for the retrofit of an existing RC frame with poor concrete quality and inadequate reinforcement detailing. The considered solutions are based on FRP wrapping of the existing structural elements or alternatively on new RC shear walls introduction. This paper shows the comparison among the considered design strategies in order to select the suitable solution, which reaches the compromise between the obtained safety level and costs during the life-cycle of the building. Each solution is worked out by considering three different levels of seismic demand. The structural capacity of the considered retrofit solutions is assessed with nonlinear static analysis and the seismic performance is evaluated with the capacity spectrum method.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Despite recent innovation in treatment techniques and subsequently improved outcomes, the majority of glioblastoma (GBL) have relapses, especially in locoregional areas. Local re-irradiation (re-RT) has been established as a feasible option for recurrent GBL of all ages with safety, tolerability, and effectiveness both in survival and quality of life regardless of fractionation schedule. To keep adverse effects under acceptable range, cumulative dose limit in equivalent dose at 2 Gy fractions by the linear-quadratic model at α/β = 2 for normal brain tissue (EQD2) with narrow margin should be observed and single/hypofractionated re-RT should be undertaken very carefully to recurrent tumor with large volume or adjacent to the brainstem. Promising outcome of re-operation (re-Op) plus re-RT (re-Op/RT) need to be validated and result from re-RT with temozolomide/bevacizumab (TMZ/BV) or new strategy is expected. Development of new-concept prognostic scoring or risk group is required to select patients properly and make use of predictive biomarkers such as O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promotor methylation that influence outcomes of re-RT, re-Op/RT, or re-RT with TMZ/BV.

• BMB Reports
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.130-134
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• 2014

The combination of a high-affinity antibody to a hapten, and hapten-conjugated compounds, can provide an alternative to the direct chemical cross-linking of the antibody and compounds. An optimal hapten for in vitro use is one that is absent in biological systems. For in vivo applications, additional characteristics such as pharmacological safety and physiological inertness would be beneficial. Additionally, methods for cross-linking the hapten to various chemical compounds should be available. Cotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine, is considered advantageous in these aspects. A high-affinity anti-cotinine recombinant antibody has recently become available, and can be converted into various formats, including a bispecific antibody. The bispecific anti-cotinine antibody was successfully applied to immunoblot, enzyme immunoassay, immunoaffinity purification, and pre-targeted in vivo radioimmunoimaging. The anti-cotinine IgG molecule could be complexed with aptamers to form a novel affinity unit, and extended the in vivo half-life of aptamers, opening up the possibility of applying the same strategy to therapeutic peptides and chemical compounds.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.223-230
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• 2009

Most urban water management systems are becoming vulnerable to flooding and drought due to the climate change (CC), urbanization and energy shortage. Despite of poor water management circumstances caused by extremely uneven annual rainfall and hilly terrain, traditionally we have made a sound and sustainable life based on our own philosophy and technologies which copes with our rigid environment. In this study a new paradigm of rainwater management is suggested and multipurpose and creative rainwater harvesting and management (RWHM) systems are introduced providing several case studies such as rainfall storage drainage (RSD) system, rainwater infiltration facilities and star city RWHM system. This new RWHM paradigm leads Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG) in the Republic of Korea to change regulations and politics for the integrated RWHM. Finally, RWHM is expected to improve the safety, efficiency, energy consumption of urban water infrastructure, to reduce urban heat island phenomenon and, furthermore, to contribute in finding solutions for worldwide water issues and to adapt CC.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.69-80
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• 2023

Ship collision accidents not only cause loss of life and property damage, but also cause marine pollution and can become national disasters, so prevention is very important. Most of these ship collision accidents are caused by human factors due to the navigation officer's lack of vigilance and carelessness, and in many cases, they can be prevented through the support of a system that helps with situation awareness. Recently, artificial intelligence has been used to develop systems that help navigators recognize the situation, but the sea is very wide and deep, so it is difficult to secure maritime traffic datasets, which also makes it difficult to develop artificial intelligence models. In this paper, to solve these difficulties, we propose a method to build a dataset with characteristics similar to actual maritime traffic datasets. The proposed method uses segmentation and inpainting technologies to build a foreground and background dataset, and then applies compositing technology to create a synthetic dataset. Through prototype implementation and result analysis of the proposed method, it was confirmed that the proposed method is effective in overcoming the difficulties of dataset construction and complementing various scenes similar to reality.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.145-157
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• 2022

Climate crisis is one of the most urgent and serious threats to the right to life. As AR picture books are particularly effective for safety education, this study aimed to produce an AR picture book featuring animals that are endangered due to the climate crisis. In order to increase the educational effect and enhance the climate sensitivity, this study developed a children's activity workbook (with follow-up activities) and a teacher's guide (with lesson plans) as a package. To this end, market research and surveys were first conducted. Next, through the management and support of the Korea Institute of Startup & Entrepreneurship Development, this research team produced a climate crisis themed AR picture book package through expert advice, help from outsourcing companies, and field application. The package was promoted through publicity in various forms of media. The contents of the AR-using picture book package of this case study were introduced and then advantages and disadvantages were discussed.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.407-422
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of the study is to develop quantitative usability evaluation criteria for senior-friendly autonomous transportation robot. Background: The Republic of Korea has become the most rapidly aging society, and is anticipated to enter the post-aged society in 2026. To raise the quality of life of a senior with limited mobility and to reduce the burden of caregivers, many high-tech assistive products with information technologies are developed nowadays. The senior-friendly autonomous transportation robot is one person robot vehicle to move a senior to the destination for hospitals, nursing homes or silver town complex. With built-in navigation system and environmental monitoring censors, it automatically seeks the path to the destination and avoids collision to obstacles and pedestrians on the way. Due to the early stage of the product, few usability studies in this field have been done, mostly on general service robots to assist seniors, power wheelchairs and delivery robots. ISO and KS standards for the service robots are focused on safety. Method: Based on the reference usability index, the early draft of the usability evaluation questionnaires was developed. After small group tests and interviews, the experts modified the initial draft to the Usability Evaluation Criteria for Senior-Friendly Autonomous Transportation Robot (UEC-SFATR). Result: UEC-SFATR consisted of 4 subscales - Safety, Controllability, Efficiency and Satisfaction. All of the 4 subscales of UEC-SFATR were passed the reliability criteria by 4 groups of seniors, divided by gender and familiarity of smart-devices. Conclusion: UEC-SFATR covers wider area of user experiences of the SFATR and is a good measurement tool to help both the users and developers of the robot. Application: This study provides guide to the future product development and product competitiveness evaluation by quantifying user experiences for the SFATR.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.217-230
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop the Generalized Depreciation Function (GDF) and Winfrey Depreciation Function (WDF) by reviewing methods for the depreciation accountings. The Depreciation Accounting Models (DAM), including straight-line model, declining-balance model, sum-of-the-year-digit model and sinking fund model presented in this paper, are reclassified into the charging pattern of increasing type, decreasing type and constant type. This paper also discusses the development of the GDFs based on convex type, concave type and constant type according to the demand pattern of product, frequency of plant usage, deterioration of time, relative inadequacy, Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operating Expenditure (OPEX) of the Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). The WDFs presented in this paper depict a sudden degradation of plant performance by measuring the change of TPM activity at the midpoint of useful life of asset. The WDFs are classified into left-modal type, symmetrical type and right-modal type by varying the value of skewness and kurtosis. Moreover, three increasing patterns, such as convex, concave and linear types, are used in this paper to present the distinct identification of WFDs by using Instantaneous Depreciation Rate (IDR) in terms of Performance Depreciation Function (PDF) and Depreciation Density Function (DDF). In order to have better understanding of depreciation models, the numerical examples are used for evaluating the Net Operating Less Adjusted Tax (NOPLAT) and Economic Value Added (EVA). It is concluded that the depreciation models showing a large dispersion of EVA require the adjustment of NOPLAT and Invested Capital (IC) based on the objective cash basis and net operating activity for reducing the variation of EVA.