• The Mathematical Education
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.101-120
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• 2019

The goal of this study was to apply an expectancy-value model(Wigfield & Eccles, 2000) to explain changes in six multi-ethnic students' achievement motivation in mathematics during sixth (2012) to eighth (2014) grades. In order to achieve this goal, we used narrative research methods. Although individual students' achievement motivation and mathematics related life experiences differed, there are some common factors influencing their motivation development, especially (a) roles played by parents and teachers; (b) assessment of peers' competencies; (c) past learning experiences related to mathematics curriculum; (d) perception of the relationship between mathematics competency and other subjects; (e) home backgrounds; and (f) perceived task values. In this study, we achieved some insight into why some multi-ethnic students are willing to study hard to get good scores while others are uninterested in mathematics, and why some multi-ethnic students are likely to pursue new mathematical tasks and persist despite challenges, while others easily give up studying mathematics in the face of adversity. We argue that in order to increase and sustain multi-ethnic students' achievement motivation, educators and parents should recognize that motivation is contextually formulated in the intersection of current people, time, and space, not a personal entity formed in an individual's mind. The findings of this study shed light on the development of achievement motivation and can inform efforts to develop multi-ethnic students' positive motivation, which might influence their mathematics achievement and success in school.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.17-27
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• 2023

Today, as AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology develops and its practicality increases, it is widely used in various application fields in real life. At this time, the AI model is basically learned based on various statistical properties of the learning data and then distributed to the system, but unexpected changes in the data in a rapidly changing data situation cause a decrease in the model's performance. In particular, as it becomes important to find drift signals of deployed models in order to respond to new and unknown attacks that are constantly created in the security field, the need for lifecycle management of the entire model is gradually emerging. In general, it can be detected through performance changes in the model's accuracy and error rate (loss), but there are limitations in the usage environment in that an actual label for the model prediction result is required, and the detection of the point where the actual drift occurs is uncertain. there is. This is because the model's error rate is greatly influenced by various external environmental factors, model selection and parameter settings, and new input data, so it is necessary to precisely determine when actual drift in the data occurs based only on the corresponding value. There are limits to this. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to detect when actual drift occurs through an Anomaly analysis technique based on XAI (eXplainable Artificial Intelligence). As a result of testing a classification model that detects DGA (Domain Generation Algorithm), anomaly scores were extracted through the SHAP(Shapley Additive exPlanations) Value of the data after distribution, and as a result, it was confirmed that efficient drift point detection was possible.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.1109-1119
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• 2018

In this paper, we report the development of a nondestructive prediction model for lean meat percentage (LMP) in Korean pig carcasses and in the major cuts using a machine vision technique. A popular vision system in the meat industry, the VCS2000 was installed in a modern Korean slaughterhouse, and the images of half carcasses were captured using three cameras from 175 selected pork carcasses (86 castrated males and 89 females). The imaged carcasses were divided into calibration (n=135) and validation (n=39) sets and a multilinear regression (MLR) analysis was utilized to develop the prediction equation from the calibration set. The efficiency of the prediction equation was then evaluated by an independent validation set. We found that the prediction equation - developed to estimate LMP in whole carcasses based on six variables - was characterized by a coefficient of determination ($R^2_v$) value of 0.77 (root-mean square error [RMSEV] of 2.12%). In addition, the predicted LMP values for the major cuts: ham, belly, and shoulder exhibited $R^2_v$ values${\geq}0.8$ (0.73 for loin parts) with low RMSEV values. However, lower accuracy ($R^2_v=0.67$) was achieved for tenderloin cuts. These results indicate that the LMP in Korean pig carcasses and major cuts can be predicted successfully using the VCS2000-based prediction equation developed here. The ultimate advantages of this technique are compatibility and speed, as the VCS2000 imaging system can be installed in any slaughterhouse with minor modifications to facilitate the on-line and real-time prediction of LMP in pig carcasses.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.456-462
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• 2010

Baseline sensitivity to benthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb and dimethomorph included into carboxylic acid amide (CAA) group was evaluated in 180 isolates of Phytophthora capsici over 4 years from 2005 to 2008. $EC_{50}$ (effective concentration inhibiting mycelial growth by 50%) value of benthiavalicarb ranged from $0.015{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ to $0.049{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ with a mean of $0.033{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$. The mean values of $EC_{50}$ of iprovalicarb and dimethomorph were 0.411 (0.197 - 0.556) ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ and 0.271 (0.101 - 0.798) ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$, respectively. Although there was no increasing tendency in $EC_{50}$of benthiavalicarb and iprovalicarb during 4 years, $EC_{50}$ of dimethomorph was increased gradually by laps of time. There was no cross-resistance between each fungicide used in this study and metalaxyl. Among fungicides included into CAA group, there was a positive correlation between benthiavalicarb and iprovalicarb, and between dimethomorp and mandipropamid.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.19-33
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• 2002

In the middle of economic and mental riches in the 21st century, the importance of well being and the pursuit of happiness are emerging as the new trend. Thus the lifestyle that values comfortable and practical naturalness and intrinsic merits has come to influence the human life rather than the old showing-off and formal desire. In addition to this, the spread of the five day week has given more leisure time, which has led to the increasing interest in health and leisure. The interest in sports has skyrocketed since the successful holding of the 2002 Korea and Japan World Cup event. All these changes to the lifestyle have contributed to the fusion of luxury wear and sports wear. As the result of the consumers in the 21st century having more classified and upgraded way of living thanks to the settlement of the above-mentioned lifestyle and the enlargement of the leisure sports culture, there has appeared the wellness kin, who value the importance of life and the nature and believe in the idea that they can reconstruct the environment in the way they can enjoy their lifestyle and pursue happiness. They favor healthy fashion items and think much of exercise, nutrition, and rest. They pursue the natural and comfortable style, whose ideas came from simple exercises such as health training and yoga and the easy and comfortable look observed at resorts. Their fashion style can be divided into three of fitness fashion, yoga fashion and resort fashion. First, the boxer fashion is characterized by the relaxing design and practicality. The major items of the fashion include running shirt-styled upper clothes, training pants, hooded shirts and sneakers. Simple and comfortable look should be induced from the combination of the items. Second, the yoga fashion was motivated by the comfortable yoga wear. It advocates stress-free spirit and comfortable and stable naturalism. Along with the advantages of the good feeling to wear and the functionality to help exercise better, the yoga fashion gives the wearer enough room to move around in, using the unique lines. Third, the resort wear refers to the kinds of clothes you tend to wear at the beach and the park. There are various kinds of the resort look; bathing suits, the beach wear you can wear with the bathing suit, the resort evening wear, the full-side look that you try on top of the bathing suit and is made of the same material of the bathing suit, and the marine look, the symbol of the summer. In short, the study attempted to investigate many trends occurring as the result of human recent increasing interest and concern in the quality of life, and the impacts of them on the fashion world. This kind of research that examines the background of the times and society will help to grasp with the fashion trends of the present and the future. And more studies should be conducted on the development of new and original design in clothes fashion, which reflects the characteristics identified in this kind of research.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.149-159
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among the levels of total serum cholesterol level, blood pressure, body mass index, and lifestyle. Method: This study was designed as a descriptive correlation study. Subjects were 972 adults participated voluntarily living in GyeongNam. The height, weight, blood pressure and fasting serum cholesterol were measured. Body mass index was caculated. Information on general characteristics (age, gender, education, job, family history) and life style(cigarette, alchol, sleeping time, regular exercise, meal pattern, peppery, salty, sweetness, vegetable diet, meat diet) were collected using a questionnaire by interviewing method. Result: The mean value of total serum cholesterol was $197{\pm}36.4mg/dl$(mean; $189{\pm}36.7mg/dl$, women; $202{\pm}35.1mg/dl$). By simple analysis, the serum total cholesterol according to general characteristics features was statistically significant in age(F= 6.765, p=000) and gender (t=5.372, p=.000). Total serum cholesterol levels increased significantly with increasing BMI. The serum total cholesterol according to life style features was statistically significant in cigarette(${\chi}^2=12.12$, p=.016), exercise(${\chi}^2=6.335$, p=.042), salty taste(${\chi}^2=18.801$, p=016), vegetable diet (${\chi}^2=19.488$, p=012). The most affecting factor which total serum cholesterol factor was BMI(${\beta}=.151$, p=.000). Conclusion: The significant risk factors relating to serum total cholesterol were age, gender, BMI, smoking, and exercise. Therefore, for the reduction of serum total cholesterol level, it is recommended that nursing intervention for the prevention of obesity, change of life style should be implemented.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3451-3455
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• 2014

Background: The serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level can reflect tumor growth, recurrence and metastasis. It has been reported that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in exons 19 and 21may have an important relationship with tumor cell sensitivity to EGFR-TKI therapy. In this study, we investigated the clinical value of EGFR mutations and serum CEA in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: The presence of mutations in EGFR exons 19 and 21 in the tissue samples of 315 patients with NSCLC was detected with real-time fluorescent PCR technology, while the serum CEA level in cases who had not yet undergone surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy were assessed by electrochemical luminescence. Results: The mutation rates in EGFR exons 19 and 21 were 23.2% and 14.9%, respectively, with the two combined in 3.81%. Measured prior to the start of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted treatment, serum CEA levels were abnormally high in 54.3% of the patients. In those with a serum CEA level <5 ng/mL, the EGFR mutation rate was 18.8%, while with 5~19 ng/mL and ${\geq}20ng/mL$, the rates were 36.4% and 62.5%. In addition, in the cohort of patients with the CEA level being 20~49 ng/mL, the EGFR mutation rate was 85.7%, while in those with the CEA level ${\geq}50ng/mL$, the EGFR mutation rate was only 20.0%, approximately the same as in cases with the CEA level<5 ng/mL. Conclusions: There is a positive correlation between serum CEA expression level and EGFR mutation status in NSCLC patients, namely the EGFR mutation-positive rate increases as the serum CEA expression level rises within a certain range (${\geq}20ng/mL$, especially 20~49 ng/mL). If patient samples are not suitable for EGFR mutation testing, or cannot be obtained at all, testing serum CEA levels might be a simple and easy screening method. Hence, for the NSCLC patients with high serum CEA level (${\geq}20ng/mL$, especially 20~49 ng/mL), it is worthy of attempting EGFR-TKI treatment, which may achieve better clinical efficacy and quality of life.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2005

The changes in quality characteristics and shelf-life of vacuum-shrink packaged Bierschinken after stuffing in fibrous casing and stored at 5 and $10^{\circ}C$ were investigated The total aerobic plate count (APC) of Bierschinken was initially <2.00 $log_{10}CFU/cm^2$, however increased gradually over storage period The APCs of Bierschinken maintained at the level of 4.86 and 5.13 $log_{10}CFU/cm^2$ after 35 days at 5 and $10^{\circ}C$, respectively. pH tended to decrease with the extension of storage period The values of TBA and VBN tended to increase with storage time, of which trend was pronounced at $10^{\circ}C$ rather than at $5^{\circ}C$. According to the sensory evaluation, Bierschinken had the marketing value till 28 days irrespective of storage temperature. The shelf-life of Bierschinken tested might be preferentially restricted by the occurrence of off-odor and off-flavor at the end of storage period.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

The VOC (volatile organic compound) analyzer is devised to measure the four main aromatic hydrocarbon gases: toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and styfene. It is not affected by ambient temperature and humidity. In addition, standby and measuring time of VOC Analyzer is a short as below 30 min and 8 min, respectively. Since the semiconductor gas sensor is supersensitive to gas components, it is not necessary to use a conventional gas concentrator or other complicated equipment. In this study, VOC emission behavior from 4 types paints (lacquer, urethane vanish, water-base paint, enamel paint) for wood-based panel was investigated using VOC Analyzer. After a specimen was spreaded on aluminum foil ($6.32{\times}6.32cm$) in $3{\ell}$ polyester bag, after 24 hours we could measure maximum VOC emission level that is a stabilized VOC value. Xylene of VOCs was high emitted from lacquer, urethane vanish and water-based paint, and TVOC (Toluene + Ethylbenzene + Xylene + Styrene) of lacquer was the highest emission concentration than another.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.105-119
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• 2020

Although there have been a lot of efforts to improve water quality in the estuarine reservoir, overall the water quality problems of the estuarine reservoirs remain. So, it is essential to establish water quality management plans under a comprehensive understanding of the environmental characteristics of the estuarine reservoir. Therefore, in this study, a resilience analysis framework for evaluating the estuarine reservoir's water quality was suggested for improving existing assessment method for water quality management plan. First, as a result of analyzing the static resilience to each scenario, it was found that from the S3 scenario in which dredging was conducted considerably, the resilience of about 30% more than the current estuarine reservoir system was restored. Second, as a result of analyzing the dynamic resilience, if cost and time are considered, there is no significant difference in robustness and resourcefulness, so it can be seen that the resilience of the estuarine reservoir can be efficiently improved by simply performing dredging up to the level of Scenario 3. Finally, as a result of comparing static and dynamic resilience, since static resilience is only presented as a single value, the differences and characteristics of the resilience capacity of the estuarine reservoir might be overlooked only by the static resilience analysis. However, in the aspect that it is possible to interpret the internal recovery capacity of the estuarine reservoir in multiple ways with various indicators (robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness, rapidity), evaluating water quality based on dynamic resilience analysis is useful.