• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.9 no.7
• /
• pp.261-271
• /
• 2022

Over the last 20 years, the insurance industry in Vietnam has been rapidly growing with an average annual growth rate of 21%, one of the most active markets in Southeast Asia, raising the question of efficiency to managers, investors, and regulators. This article is one of the first research works using Data Envelopment Analysis combined with the Malmquist index over the period from 2016 to 2020 for 37 insurance firms in Vietnam to investigate the efficiency of this sector. The value-added approach is employed with total equity and operating expenses as inputs, finance income, and gross written premium as outputs. The findings reveal that most of Vietnam's insurance companies are operating quite effectively, and the non-life sector is more efficient than the life sector. There is also a regression in efficiency change, while there is a progression in technological change and total factor productivity change during the period examined. The goal of this research is to give a fundamental understanding of the overall efficiency of insurance firms in Vietnam, and help managers, investors, policyholders, and government agencies make better decisions regarding self-assessment, M&A activities, deregulation... Consequently, the insurance sector could improve in terms of efficiency and develop sustainably over time.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2022.06a
• /
• pp.1106-1113
• /
• 2022

Cost segregation helps reduce tax liabilities by reclassifying real property to personal property and accelerates tax depreciation of a property. A typical cost segregation study requires much time and high costs. This study proposed a BIM integrated cost segregation process that can be applied to any commercial building project. The proposed BIM-based cost segregation process was verified in a new commercial construction project. It approved that this approach can: (1) increase the cash flow for the owner and provide assistance to tax-paying enterprises; (2) enable the contractor to use it as an added value in the bidding process; (3) realize data sharing in a common platform to improve the cost segregation study efficiency and reduce costs and errors; (4) contribute to the asset management in the life cycle of buildings while filling in the blank of cost segregation process. Future studies will focus on the automation of cost segregation and asset management in building construction's life cycle.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.623-634
• /
• 1994

Although the average menopausal age has not changed, women's life span has increased. Today's women live longer after their menopause than those in the past, and this calls for attention in both nursing and medical fields. Many studies have revealed how women reacted to menopause and suffered from it. But they did not discriminate the menopausal meaning and effects from the climacteric phenomena. So, this author tried to clarify what menopause itself meant to the climacteric women, by means of grounded theory methodology. The interviewees were 21 women, whose ages were between 46 and 60 years. They were selected by theoretical sampling technique, and the author tried to include all levels of important variables such as age, educational background, religion and job. Data were collected by the author through in -depth interviews and observations in July, 1994. The interviews were mostly done in the homes of the subjects, or in some cases at the author's office or in a hospital. Interviews took from 30 minutes to 2 hours. Interviews were tape recorded and transcribed later by a research assistant. Data were analyzed as gathered, by the constant comparative method proposed by Strauss and Corbin. Eleven concepts were discovered from the data, and they were grouped under six higher order categories. These six categories were "to give menopause a meaning", "to experience value change", "to have self-help strategies", "to have no strategies", "to live a life worth living", "to have a sense of powerlessness" Among these "to experionce value change" was . selected as the core category. Five major categories were systematically integrated around the core category. Women's adaptation to menopause was defined as proceeding as follows : Most women felt relief and sorrow at the same time when they faced menopause, and some only sorrow or agony. Then, they consulted with others about menopausal symptoms, or tried to think of them by themselves. Finally, they gave menopause a meaning, which was that menopause and its symptoms were natural phenomena. But menopause made women reflect on them-selves and their past lives. As they reflected on themselves, their value on life began to change. As their value changed, some women seeked self help strategies. Those self help strategies were what they had learned from collegues, professionals or mass media. The quality of their lives depended on whether they practiced self help strategies or not. Three types of lives were found. Twelve women enjoyed a life worth living, and practiced the self help strategies, because they accepted menopause a chance to change. They were characterized by a high educational level, having a professional job and a sincere faith in God. Seven women were living as usual, because they did not have the necessity to change. They were high school graduates and house wives. Two women recognized menopause a chance to change, but they did not try self help strategies. Their characteristic was low educational level. Those who did not try self help strategies complained of powerlessness to varying degrees. The educational background, full-time jobs and faith helped women adapt to menopause positively. But social support was not helpful to women's adaptation to menepause. Three hypotheses were derived from the analysis. (1) The higher the educational level, the more theneed to change. (2) Women with higher educational background will practice self help strategies more than those with lower edcational background. (3) The more women practice self help strategies, the worthier lives they will live. Suggestions for further studies are as follows. (1) Studies to test hypotheses are needed. (2) A study to find the relationship between the degree of practicing self help strategies and locus of control. (3) Spiritual approaches would better be applied to help menopausal women. (4) Education through mass media should be given mere frequently.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.931-946
• /
• 2015

Many multiple life insurance products consider benefits that are contingent on the combined survival status of two lives. To value premiums of the insurance products accurately, we need to consider the impact of the survivorship of one life on another. To show a dependence relation between married couple, we calculate correlation coefficients by using married couples data from National Pension Service and the results show some positive dependence between them. Moreover, by analyzing the death after bereavement, we find a evidence that mortality rates increase after the death of a spouse and, in addition, that this phenomenon, the broken-heart syndrome, diminishes over time. The results of this study can support the method to calculate the premium of multiple life insurance reflecting more realistic joint mortality rates.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.54-61
• /
• 1999

Measurement of inhibition of bioluminescence in Photobacterium phosphoreum has been porposed as a sensitive and rapid procedure to monitor toxic substances. However, at first, $EC_{50}$ which shows degree of toxicity to each toxic substances must be calculated. QSAR (Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship) model can be used to estimate $EC_{50}$ to save time and endeavor. Moderately high correlation coefficients ($r^2{\geq}$ 0.97) were calculated from the linear correlation between $EC_{50}$ and molecular connectivity indices of CAHs (chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons)such as $^0X$, $^0X^V$, $^1X$, $^2X$ and $^3X^v_c$ and quadratic correlation between $EC_{50}$ and $^0X$, $^0X^V$, $^2X^V$, $^3X_c$, $^3X^V_c$ and P. It shows that the molecular connection indices in carbon structure is contributed to biological characters with linear relation and that in the other one with quadratic relation. The $EC_{50}$ of chlorophenol derivatives had quadratic relation with the value of octanol/water prtition coefficients ($r^2$=0.99) and linear and quadratic relation with the number of chlorine compound (($r^2{\geq}$0.94). This confirms the already known trend of increasing toxicity with increasing ability of a compound to diffuse through cell membrane and number of chlorine substitution.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.791-798
• /
• 2019

This experiment was conducted to find out the difference between roughage productivity and feed value by using two domestic forage rice cultivars in a mid-west reclaimed rice field in Korea. During the growing period, Na⁺ content in soil showed no significant difference between the two cultivars; however, the K⁺ content in the soil was significantly lower than that in which the Mogwo was grown. The tiller number was 45.5 to 58.8, which was higher than that of Mogyeong, and the leaf number was higher than that of Mogyeong. The dry matter yield per 10 a was 1,338 kg for Moggyang and 1,532 kg for Mogwoo. At the harvest time, the crude protein yield per 10 a produced 108 kg of Mogyang and 170 kg of Mogwoo, and the total digestion nutrient (TDN) yield per 10 a also produced about 617 kg of Mogyang and 880 kg of Mogwoo. To sum up the above results, Mogwo, which has many tiller numbers and leaf numbers, has a high dry matter production, a relatively low neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acidic detergent fiber (ADF), and a high crude protein yield and TDN yield, and it was better when cultivating the forage rice cultivars in reclaimed land.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.181-186
• /
• 2013

We present nondestructive characterization for remanent life of advanced ferritic steels, next-gen energy facility materials by reversible permeability. The reversible permeability is based on the theory that the value of reversible permeability is the same differential of the hysteresis loop. The measurement principle is based on the foundation of harmonics voltage induced in a sensing coil using a lock-in amplifier tuned to the frequency of the exciting one. The peak interval of reversible permeability(PIRP), Vickers hardness, and tensile strength(TS) of the aged samples decreased with aging time. We could estimate the remanent life of advanced ferritic steel by using the relationship between the peak interval of reversible permeability and Larson-Miller parameter(LMP), non-destructively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.281-287
• /
• 2007

Microorganisms were isolated from earthworm intestine and examined for their ability to degrade 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (MNP), a main degradation product of the insecticide fenitrothion. An isolate that showed the best degradation of MNP was selected for further study. The 16S rRNA analysis showed that the isolate belongs to the genus of Burkholderia, close to phenanthrene-degrading Burkholderia sp. S4.9, and is named Burkholderia sp. SH-1. When time-course degradation of MNP by SH-1 was examined by high performance liquid chromatographic analysis, almost complete degradation of MNP was observed within 26 h. Colony forming unit value assays indicated that the isolate SH-1 was capable of utilizing MNP as a sole carbon source. SH-1 could also degrade p-nitrophenol (PNP) but could not degrade ortho-substituted nitroaromatics such as 2,4-, 2,6- and 2,5-dinitrophenol. Catechol was detected as the main degration product of MNP and PNP. SH-1 was also found in the soil from which earthworms were obtained. These results suggest that the dispersal of Burkholderia sp. SH-1 into different environment with the aid of earthworms is likely to play a role in bioremediation of the soil contaminated with MNP.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.175-183
• /
• 2020

The change in the demand and perception of wigs worn for hair loss is getting better, but hair extension is emerging as a new treatment method that improves as there are inconvenient areas such as hair loss, bleaching, and tangling of wigs themselves, and time spent on unnatural hair styling and wearing wigs. The purpose of this study is to verify that the quality of life of middle-aged female hair loss is positively affected by hair growth techniques that weave wool strands into their hair. Those surveyed were middle-aged women with hair loss and were analyzed by measuring the quality of life before and after hair growth. The analysis showed that hair increased techniques affects the economic satisfaction, physical satisfaction, mental satisfaction and social satisfaction of middle-aged women with hair loss, indicating that hair increased techniques is effective in improving the quality of life for middle-aged women with hair loss. It is also expected that the beauty industry will develop high value through hair increased techniques, a blue ocean in the beauty market.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.68
• /
• pp.51-65
• /
• 2001

This study is to make LCIA(Life Cycle Impact Assessment) easier as a methodology of environmental scores(called E-score) that integrated environmental load of each emission substance based on environmental damage such as in human health, ecosystem and resources category. The concept is to analyzes the LCI(Life Cycle Inventory) and defines the level of environment damages for human health, ecosystem and resources to objective impact assessment standard, and makes the base of marginal damage to calculate the damage factor, which can present the indication that can establish the standard value of environmental impact. First, damages to human health are calculated by fate analysis, effect analysis and damage analysis to get the damage factor of health effect as a DALY(Disability Adjusted Life Years) unit. Second, damages to ecosystem are calculated by fate analysis, effect analysis and damage analysis to get the damage factor of the effect as a PDF(Potentially Disappeared Fraction) unit through linking potentially increased disappeared fraction. Third, damages to resources are carried out by resource analysis and damage analysis for linking the lower fate to surplus energy conception to get damage factor as a MJ(Mega Joule) unit. For the ranking of relative environment load level each other, LCIA can be carried out effectively by applying this E-score methodology to the particular emission substances. A case study has been introduced for the emission substances coming out of a tire manufacturer in Korea. It is to show how to work the methodology. Based on such study result, product-designers or producers now can apply the E-scores presented in this study to the substances of emission list, and then calculate the environment load of the product or process in advance at any time and can see the environment performance comparatively and expected to contribute to the environmental improvement in view of environmental pollution prevention.