• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.139
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• pp.105-131
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• 2016

The notion of responsibility, which has now gained a firm foothold as one of the fundamental notions of philosophy and its neighboring disciplines, became the subject of philosophical enquiry only in the 19th century by Kierkegaard, who delved into the morality of critical self-awareness in ethical responsibility of the absolute self; and Nietzsche, who put emphasis on the responsibility of the sovereign self in coping with the problems of the future. Nietzsche is the first philosopher who took issue with the diminishment (Verkleinerung) of humanity-what he called human being's greatest disease-that swept Europe at that time. Concerns about Europe's future were the key movens of Nietzsche's philosophy revolving around the advent of nihilism in Europe and its solutions. He prepared alternative solutions in deep awareness that the ethics of good and evil firmly rooted in the traditional metaphysics and Christianity would not even catch the depth and breadth of the big problem of globalization brought about by modernism, let alone solve it. Nietzsche devoted his whole life to disseminating the knowledge that the future of humankind depends on removing these old ethics. This article traces Nietzsche's reflections on the ethical event of responsibility and provides an overview of the purview and scope contained in the meaning covered by the notion of responsibility in his philosophy beyond common norms and values.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.198-205
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted and analyzed using statistical techniques to examine the impact of fear of risk committed by risk committed overseas on people who are about to travel abroad. Method: In the event of a risk, fear of a risk occurs, and fear of a risk adversely affects people's daily lives, and in the event of a decline in daily life, affecting the economy and social activities of the area, a small risk often has a huge impact on society. In particular, the fear of risk committed abroad has an impact on overseas activities as overseas travel has been activated in time for the global era. Result and Conclusion: Therefore, according to the research, the fear of crimes committed overseas has a negative effect on the choice of overseas travel.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.561-571
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• 2021

The 2017 Pohang earthquake left us with issues related to long-term repair and restoration from massive earthquake damage. The existing Earthquake response manual was insufficient to consider the flow of earthquake disaster work and the characteristics of long-lasting earthquake disaster. Accordingly, It is important to analyze and record how to earthquake response work was carried out during the Pohang earthquake. The functions that require the most work and manpower in the event of an earthquake disaster were emergency life stabilization support, facility emergency recovery, and energy functional restoration. As a result of analyzing the difficulties and problems of disaster response by function, it was found that the prevention and preparation for damage in advance was insufficient for each function. In conclusion, we subdivided the response step applied with the concept of time and presented the overall work flow process for thirteen collaboration functions. It is expected that this result will help disaster managers to work effectively in the event of a large scale earthquake.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.258-261
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• 2024

Career building can be challenging for young surgeons, especially when topics such as lifestyle, work-life balance and subspecialization arise. Suggestions and advice from senior colleagues is very valuable but many young surgeons do not have such opportunities or are limited to a few senior surgeons. The International Microsurgery Club (IMC), in collaboration with the World Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery, organized a combined webinar for this topic and invited world renownedmicrosurgery masters polled by the IMCmembers to join, including Prof. Peter Neligan (Emeritus from University of Washington, United States), Prof. Raja Sabapathy (Ganga Hospital, India), Dr. Gregory Buncke (The Buncke Clinic, United States), Prof. Isao Koshima (Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan), Prof. David Chwei-Chin Chuang (Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan), and Prof. Eric Santamaria (Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, Mexico) on May 1, 2022. Prof. Joon-Pio Hong (Asan Medical Center, South Korea) and Prof. Fu-Chan Wei (Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan) were also selected but unfortunately could not make it and were therefore invited to another event in April 2023, summarized in a recently published paper. There is ample literature reporting on different aspects of developing a microsurgical career but the goal of this session was to offer an opportunity for direct exchange with experienced mentors. Moreover, insights from experienced microsurgeons from different part of the world were more likely to offer different perspectives on aspects such as career building, failure management, and team culture. This webinar event was moderated by Dr. Jung-Ju Huang (Taiwan), Dr. Susana Heredero (Spain), and Dr. Wei F. Chen (United States).

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the minor stress in daily life related to undergoing hemodialysis and the relationship between minor stresses, coping skills, and subjective quality of life among the patients with end stage renal disease. Methods : Seventy seven patients on hemodialysis were enrolled in this study. Minor stress was assessed with daily stress inventory-Korean version(K-DSI), ways of coping checklist identified the use of the following coping strategies:problem-focused, seek social support, emotion-focused coping and wishful thinking. Socio-demographic data were obtained and World Health Organization-Quality of Life Scale(brief form) was also administered to subjects. Results : Participants mean age was $55.92{\pm}13.71$ years. The mean of the event, impact and impact/event (I/E) ratio scores of K-DSI were $29.06{\pm}21.57$, $88.69{\pm}75.88$ and $2.92{\pm}1.11$, respectively. These scores were much higher than normative data of K-DSI. Among the 5 categories of this inventory, the scores of cognitive stressors were highest. 5 categories of the inventory showed positive relationship with way of coping subscales, which showed coefficient of correlation between 0.259(p<.01) and 0.495(p<.001). However, no significant correlation was found between minor stress subscales and quality of life. Hemodialysis patients in our study used more emotional-focused coping methods, which was considered as passive way of cope than problem-orientated coping methods. Conclusion : The main findings of this study indicated that patients on hemodialysis showed higher level of perceived minor stress than normal population. The patients treated with hemodialysis tend to use passive way of coping primarily. For assessing the stress in patients on hemodialysis, clinician has to consider both level of perceived minor stress and the ways of coping the patients primarily use.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.426-438
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• 2016

Plant disease resistance occurs as a hypersensitive response (HR) at the site of attempted pathogen invasion. This specific event is initiated in response to recognition of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and subsequent PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Both PTI and ETI mechanisms are tightly connected with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and disease resistance that involves distinct biphasic ROS production as one of its pivotal plant immune responses. This unique oxidative burst is strongly dependent on the resistant cultivars because a monophasic ROS burst is a hallmark of the susceptible cultivars. However, the cause of the differential ROS burst remains unknown. In the study here, we revealed the plausible underlying mechanism of the differential ROS burst through functional understanding of the Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) AVR effector, AVR-Pii. We performed yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening using AVR-Pii as bait and isolated rice NADP-malic enzyme2 (Os-NADP-ME2) as the rice target protein. To our surprise, deletion of the rice Os-NADP-ME2 gene in a resistant rice cultivar disrupted innate immunity against the rice blast fungus. Malic enzyme activity and inhibition studies demonstrated that AVR-Pii proteins specifically inhibit in vitro NADP-ME activity. Overall, we demonstrate that rice blast fungus, M. oryzae attenuates the host ROS burst via AVR-Pii-mediated inhibition of Os-NADP-ME2, which is indispensable in ROS metabolism for the innate immunity of rice. This characterization of the regulation of the host oxidative burst will help to elucidate how the products of AVR genes function associated with virulence of the pathogen.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.63-90
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• 2003

This study aims to discover patterns of Korean women's life course in terms of their life time sequence of family roles and economic activity. Primary factors for the change and diversity of family-work role sequence are also examined. Data used in this study is the Fourth Survey of Korean Women's Economic Activity which was conducted by Korean Institute of Women Development (KIWD) in 2002. According to the main results, five distinctive patterns of life course are to be disentangled for ever married women: First, doing simultaneously family and work roles with no maternal leave (13.7%); second, reentry into labor market after maternal leave (M type, 18.6%); third, no reentry into labor market after maternal leave (latent M type, 26.9%); fourth, first job entry after child rearing (23.5%); and finally, no work experience (17.3%). The relative composition of the respective life course has changed over marriage cohorts. M type including latent M type became a dominant life pattern among married women since marriage cohorts of 1980 and later. The share of married women who begin to work first after maternal role or have no work experience has declined with recent marriage cohorts. It is also noted that the share of women with simultaneous family and work roles has increased among marital cohorts of 1990 and later. Marriage cohort differences being controlled, life patterns significantly differ by women's educational level, existence of role model of working mother at growth, women's own and husbands' gender role attitude, and family economy. Finally, some policy concerns for gender role division of family and work are raised.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.26
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• pp.77-110
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• 2016

The purpose of this article is to study on the Correlative linkage between the cosmic principle of birth-growth and contraction-recess and the Non action Tao. The split time between birth-growth and contraction-recess is the conflict between the Prior Time and Posterior Time as the Great Renewal. The cycle of this Chaotic Renewals is the cycle of a cosmic circulation as 129,600 years. In relation to the correlative linkage of function, Jeong-san Sangje governs all the beings of the universe by means of the cosmic principle birth-growth and contraction-recess. Also Jeong-san Sangje, using the Non action Tao governing all the beings of the universe and let them exist as the original selves. Thus, the two necessities are mutual interdependent and mutual complementary. In relation to the correlative linkage of substance, Jeong-san Sangje is included in the cosmic life which forms of all the existences. That is personal God of Jeong-san Sangje that is a part of the cosmic life. So that Jeong-san Sangje is included in the cosmic life, the basis of all the cosmic affairs. He is also subordinate to the cosmic principle but he simultaneously governs it. Jeong-san Sangje is trans-versal mediator between the cosmic principle and the cosmic life of Non action Tao, since it is the origin of his mind. To understand the nature of Jeong-san Sangje who becomes one with the cosmic life, the old causal way of thinking which inquires the timely order and seeks for causes and effects should be abandoned. The new way of thinking is thus different from the old one. The core of cosmic life is abstracted as the essence-energy and god-blood. This structure is similar to the cosmic principle of birth-growth and contraction-recess. The death is a kind of event caused by the depletion of the essence, and all beings could altered into the god. It also would be returned to the natural birth place of the cosmos, as it were, that can be called the 'Return to the Origin'. As the cosmos goes to the new epoch, humans have been living together with the cosmic principle. Now we can expect the Posterior Time to open to humans as cosmic life of Non action Tao.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.16C no.6
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• pp.699-706
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• 2009

The convergence tendency accelerates the realization of the ubiquitous healthcare (u-Healthcare) between the technology including the power generaation and IT-BT-NT of the ubiquitous computing technology. By rapidly analyzing a large amount of collected from the sensor network with processing and delivering to the medical team an u-Healthcare can provide a patient for an inappropriate regardless of the time and place. As to the existing u-Healthcare, since the sensor node all transmitted collected data by using with the Zigbee protocol the processing burden of the base node was big and there was many communication frequency of the sensor node. In this paper, the u-Healthcare system in which it can efficiently apply to mobile apparatuses it provided the transfer rate in which it is superior to the bio-signal delivery where there are the life and direct relation which by using the Bluetooth instead of the Zigbee protocol and in which it is variously used in the ubiquitous environment was designed. Moreover, by applying the EEF(Embedded Event Filtering) technique in which data in which it includes in the event defined in advance selected and it transmits with the base node, the communication frequency and were reduced. We confirmed to be the system in which it is efficient through the simulation result than the existing Electrocardiogram Measurement system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.276-285
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• 2016

In the highly competitive cosmetic industry, each cosmetic brand is striving to increase its profit by providing excellent product quality and delightful marketing campaigns. In this regard, this study investigates consumers' post-purchasing decision-making processes. It considers the two critical post-purchasing behaviors as repurchasing intention and recommendation intention. We posit customer satisfaction and brand image as the key antecedents of post-purchasing behaviors. The effects of cosmetic quality, price fairness, and event activities on consumer satisfaction and brand image are examined. We conducted a questionnaire survey of women in their twenties, which are critical groups in consumer life cycle of cometic products. Data collected from 163 female respondents were empirically tested against a theoretical framework using partial least squares. Analysis results found that both consumer satisfaction and brand image significantly influence post-purchasing behaviors, respectively. Especially, brand image has a stronger effect on post-purchasing behaviors than customer satisfaction does. Cosmetic quality and price fairness play an important role on customer satisfaction and brand image. However, event activities significantly affect consumer satisfaction, while they do not significantly influence brand image.