We investigated the importance and efficiency of active and passive exploration on the recognition of objects in a variety of virtual environments (VEs). In this study, 54 participants (19 males and 35 females) were randomly allocated into one of two navigation conditions (active and passive navigation). The 3D visual display was presented through HMD and participants used joysticks to navigate VEs. The VEs consisted of exploring four rooms (library, office, lounge, and conference room), each of which had 15 objects. 'Active navigation' was performed by allowing participants to self-pace and control their own navigation within a predetermined time limitation for each room. 'Passive navigation' was conducted by forced navigation of the four rooms in random order. Total navigation duration and objects for both navigations were identical. After navigating VEs, participants were asked to recognize the objects that had been in the four rooms. Recognition for objects was measured by response time and the percentage of correct, false, hit, and miss responses. Those in the active navigation condition had a significantly higher percentage of hit responses (t (52) = 4.000 p < 0.01), and a significantly lower percentage of miss responses (t (52) = -3.763, p < 0.01) in object recognition than those in the passive condition. These results suggest that active navigation plays an important role in spatial cognition as well as providing a better explanation about the efficiency of learning in a 3D-based program.
PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of displacement while tightening the screw of scan bodies, which were compared according to the material type. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three types of scan bodies whose base regions were made up of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) material [Straumann Group, Dentium Group, and Myfit (PEEK) Group] and another scan body whose base region was made up of titanium material [Myfit (Metal) Group] were used (15 per group). The reference model was fabricated by aligning the scan body library on the central axis of the implant, and moving this position by the resin model. The screws of the scan bodies were tightened to the implant fixture with torques of 5 Ncm, 10 Ncm, and a hand tightening torque. After the application of the torque, the scan bodies were scanned using a laboratory scanner. To evaluate the vertical, horizontal, and 3-dimensional (3D) displacements, a 3D inspection software program was used. To examine the difference among groups, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD post hoc test were used (α=.05). RESULTS. There were significant differences in 3D, vertical, and horizontal displacements among the different types of scan bodies (P<.001). There was a significantly lower displacement in the Straumann group than in the Myfit (PEEK) and Dentium groups (P<.05). CONCLUSION. The horizontal displacement in all groups was less than 10 ㎛. With the hand tightening torque, a high vertical displacement of over 100 ㎛ occurred in PEEK scan bodies (Myfit and Dentium). Therefore, it is recommended to apply a tightening torque of 5 Ncm instead of a hand tightening torque.
IT Service Management (ITSM) achieves consolidated management for the IT services supporting the acquisition system, and no outside connections can be established with such ITSM. Issues pertaining to the D2B can be addressed to System Q&A or a Call Center for problem-solving. In other words, internal staff can take the necessary measures for problems by directly connecting with ITSM. Currently, diverse innovative technologies are being used in electronics and ubiquitous computing environments. This allows us to create a better world by providing the backbone for remarkable development in our human society in the fields of electronics, devices, computer science, and engineering. Following the expansion of IT services in the military acquisition sector such as Defense Electronic Procurement, military export/import support system, etc., customers' dependence on IT for conducting business with the military or related companies is increasing, including the military's dependence on the same technology for services to the public. Nonetheless, issues pertaining to the simplified/integrated management of complex IT service management systems, including slow system recovery, lack of integrated customer service window, and insufficient information sharing, have become the priority problems that IT managers are required to solve. Therefore, this study conducted research on the integrated management of IT services provided by Korea's national defense acquisition system, which was developed based on the existing system IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) v2, and investigated the level of satisfaction with services with focus on ensuring that it can be used for understanding the necessity of the system and its advancement in the future.
Purpose: This study was performed to analyze the characteristics and effect sizes of intervention studies on foot-reflexo-massage applied to cancer patients. Methods: For meta-analysis, a total of 159 studies were retrieved from search engines such as RISS, nanet, KISS, richis and KoreaMed. 16 studies published from 1990 to 2010 were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The data were analyzed with the RevMan 5.0 program of Cochrane library. Results: 1) The mean score of 1 implement time on foot-reflexo-massage was 25.62 minutes, the average number of days was 4.12 days, and the total number of average intervention frequency was 4.25 times. 2) Intervention studies on foot-reflexo-massage included 9 studies on anxiety (56.3%), 7 for pain (43.8%), 5 for BP/pulse (31.3%), 5 for fatigue (31.3%), 3 for nausea/vomiting (18.8%), 3 for sleep satisfaction (18.8%), and 2 for depression (12.5%). 3) The effect sizes of the intervention studies that showed higher effect size were in order, anxiety (d=-1.76), fatigue (d=-1.43), depression (d=-1.03), nausea and vomiting (d=-0.83), pain (d=-0.77), pulse rate (d=-0.61), blood pressure (d=-0.55), and sleep satisfaction (d=0.43). Conclusion: This study suggests that foot-reflexo-massage can increase sleep satisfaction, whereas decreasing blood pressure, pulse rate, anxiety, fatigue, depression, nausea, vomiting and pain.
Park, Eun-Mi;Nam, Bo-Hye;Kim, Young-Ok;Kong, Hee-Jeong;Kim, Woo-Jin;Lee, Sang-Jun;Kong, In-Soo;Choi, Tae-Jin
Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
/
v.10
no.3
/
pp.119-126
/
2007
The analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) is an efficient approach for gene discovery, expression profiling, and the development of resources for functional genomics. To analyze the transcriptome of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai, we conducted EST analysis using seven cDNA libraries made from gill, gut, hepatopancreas, skin, muscle, testis, and ovary. Redundant ESTs were assembled into overlapping contiguous sequences using the assembly program ICAtools. We found that the total 1,393 ESTs formed 135 clusters and 951 singletons, indicating that the overall redundancy of the library was 22%. Of the 1,393 clones, BLAST identified 1,278 clones (91.7%) as known genes; 115 clones (8.3%) did not match any previously described gene. Based on the major functions of their encoded proteins, the identified clones were classified into 16 broad categories. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of micro satellite-containing genes that may be valuable for further gene mapping studies. This study contributes to the identification of numerous EST clones that can be applied to further clarifying the genetics and developmental biology of abalone.
Shoraka, Hamid Reza;Haghdoost, Ali Akbar;Baneshi, Mohammad Reza;Bagherinezhad, Zohre;Zolala, Farzaneh
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
/
v.63
no.2
/
pp.34-43
/
2020
Phenylketonuria is a disease caused by congenital defects in phenylalanine metabolism that leads to irreversible nerve cell damage. However, its detection in the early days of life can reduce its severity. Thus, many countries have started disease screening programs for neonates. The present study aimed to determine the worldwide prevalence of classic phenylketonuria using the data of neonatal screening studies.The PubMed, Web of Sciences, Sciences Direct, ProQuest, and Scopus databases were searched for related articles. Article quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Evaluation Checklist. A random effect was used to calculate the pooled prevalence, and a phenylketonuria prevalence per 100,000 neonates was reported. A total of 53 studies with 119,152,905 participants conducted in 1964-2017 were included in this systematic review. The highest prevalence (38.13) was reported in Turkey, while the lowest (0.3) in Thailand. A total of 46 studies were entered into the meta-analysis for pooled prevalence estimation. The overall worldwide prevalence of the disease is 6.002 per 100,000 neonates (95% confidence interval, 5.07-6.93). The meta-regression test showed high heterogeneity in the worldwide disease prevalence (I2=99%). Heterogeneity in the worldwide prevalence of phenylketonuria is high, possibly due to differences in factors affecting the disease, such as consanguineous marriages and genetic reserves in different countries, study performance, diagnostic tests, cutoff points, and sample size.
In this paper to cope with the reduction of products life-cycle as the variety of products along with the various demands of consumers, a virtual simulator is developed to make the changeover of manufacturing line efficient to embody a virtual simulation similar to a real manufacturing line. The developed virtual simulator can design a layout of a factory and make the time scheduling. Every factory has one simulator so that one product can be manufactured in the factories to use them as virtual factories. We suggest a scheme that heightens the agility to the diversity of manufacturing models by making the information of manufacturing lines and products models to be shared. The developed unit simulator can construct a proper virtual manufacturing line along with the required process of products using several kinds of operator and work cell. A user with the simulator can utilize an interface that makes one to manage the separate task process for each manu(acturing module, change operator components and work cells, and easily teach tasks of each task module. The developed simulator was made for users convenience by Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 that can develop a program supplying graphic user interface environment and by OpenGL of the Silicon Graphics as a graphic library to embody 3D graphic environment. Also, we show that the simulator can be used efficiently for the agile manufacturing by the communication among the factories being linked by TCP/IP and a hybrid database system made by a hierarchical model and a relational model being developed to standardize the data information.
Purpose: We investigated the difference in injury of the corticospinal tract (CST) and the spinothalamic tract (STT) in patients with putaminal hemorrhage, using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). Methods: Thirty one consecutive patients with PH and 34 control subjects were recruited for this study. DTT scanning was performed at early stage of PH (7-63 days), and the CST and STT were reconstructed using the Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain (FMRIB) Software Library program. Injury of the CST and STT was defined in terms of the configuration or abnormal DTT parameters was more than 2 standard deviations lower than that of normal control subjects. Results: Among 31 patients, all 31 patients (100%) had injury of the CTS, whereas 25 patients (80.6%) had injury of the STT: the incidence of CST injury was significantly higher than that of STT (p<0.05). In detail, 20 (64.5%) of 31 patients showed a discontinuation of the CST in the affected hemisphere; in contrast, 14 patients (45.2%) of 31 patients showed a discontinuation of the STT in the affected hemisphere. Regarding the FA value, 6 (19.4%) of 31 patients and 2 (6.4%) of 31 patients were found to have injury in the CST and STT, respectively. In terms of the fiber number, the same injury incidence was observed in 11 patients (35.5%) in both the CST and STT. Conclusion: The greater vulnerability of the CST appears to be ascribed to the anatomical characteristics; the CST is located anteriorly to the center of the putamen compared with the STT.
La, Phu Hien;Jeon, Min Cheol;Eo, Yang Dam;Nguyen, Quang Minh;Lee, Mi Hee;Pyeon, Mu Wook
Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
/
v.34
no.2
/
pp.121-132
/
2016
This study proposes an approach for simulating high spatial resolution satellite images acquired under arbitrary sun-sensor geometry using existing images and 3D (three-dimensional) data. First, satellite images, having significant differences in spectral regions compared with those in the simulated image were transformed to the same spectral regions as those in simulated image by using the UPDM (Universal Pattern Decomposition Method). Simultaneously, shadows cast by buildings or high features under the new sun position were modeled. Then, pixels that changed from shadow into non-shadow areas and vice versa were simulated on the basis of existing images. Finally, buildings that were viewed under the new sensor position were modeled on the basis of open library-based 3D reconstruction program. An experiment was conducted to simulate WV-3 (WorldView-3) images acquired under two different sun-sensor geometries based on a Pleiades 1A image, an additional WV-3 image, a Landsat image, and 3D building models. The results show that the shapes of the buildings were modeled effectively, although some problems were noted in the simulation of pixels changing from shadows cast by buildings into non-shadow. Additionally, the mean reflectance of the simulated image was quite similar to that of actual images in vegetation and water areas. However, significant gaps between the mean reflectance of simulated and actual images in soil and road areas were noted, which could be attributed to differences in the moisture content.
Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
/
v.12
no.4
/
pp.149-158
/
2007
A In the rapidly changing media environment, radio needs to be digitized in order to provide regular compatible service. Especially, most medium high frequency Medias have program contents thar are similar to the standard FM bandwidth, so digitizing radio will bring less effect than it is expected. However, the characteristics of radio medias are mobility, individuality, site-to-site, wide service coverage, immediate delivery and publicity, so it is necessary to study the future of radio media to provide continuous services, moreover, the main discussion regarding balanced development between medias will be the trend of the digitization of radio. Also it is easy and will cost less to change compared to other medias. AM was the first media to broadcast in Korea, and its network is spread all over Korea, also the receivers are the most widely distributed which means the signal reaches everywhere in Korea. In this study, the proper service model for AM digital radio is provided in this environment in which all Medias are rapidly digitizing due to the advancement of digital technology. The results of experimental are based on library study and KBS data of sound wave.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.