• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.331-341
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• 2017

This paper aims to analyze English vocabulary of the North Korean textbooks diachronically using the constructed English textbook corpus. The North Korea English textbooks attained from Information Center on North Korea of the Ministry of Unification are divided into before and after Kim Jong-Il era for the year of 1996 in which the curriculum revision has been conducted. They are stored as text files to analyse vocabularies using WordSmith Tools 7.0. The vocabulary size of the revised textbooks increased after the curriculum reorganization, but the number of vocabulary types and vocabulary diversity decreased. After the curriculum revision, it was found that lots of vocabulary related to the establishment of the Kim Jong-Il system appeared as the keyword. It was also found that some vocabularies reflected the economic and social life of North Korea. In addition, through comparison of the 100 high-frequency word list and keywords, it can be concluded that the vocabulary of the English textbooks of North Korea is gradually changing into communicative contents from contents related with written language.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.358-370
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the mental model and the depictive gestures observed in the explanations of elementary school students about the reason why seasons change. As a result of analysis in gestures of each mental model, mental model was remembered as "motion" in case of CM-type, and showed more "Exphoric" gestures that expressed gesture as a language. CF type is remembered in "writings or pictures," and metaphoric gestures were used when explaining some alternative concepts. CF-UM type explained with language in detail, and showed a number of gestures with "Lexical." Analyzing depictive gestures, even with sub-categories such as rotation, revolution and meridian altitude, etc., a great many types of gestures were expressed such as indicating with fingers, palms, arms, ball-point pens, and fists, etc., or drawing, spinning and indicating them. We could check up concept understandings of the students through this. In addition, as we analyzed inconsistencies among external representations such as verbal language and gesture, writing and gesture, and picture and gesture, we realized that gestures can help understanding mental models of the students, and sometimes, we could know that information that cannot be shown by linguistic explanations or pictures was expressed in gestures. Additionally, we looked into two research participants that showed conspicuous differences. One participant seemed to be wrong as he used his own expressions, but he expressed with gestures precisely, while the other participant seemed to be accurate, but when he analyzed gestures, he had whimsical concepts.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.554-563
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• 2007

The e-Marketplace is growing rapidly and providing a more complex relationship between providers and consumers. In recent years, e-Marketplace integration or cooperation issues have become an important issue in e-Business. The e-Catalog is a key factor in e-Business, which means an e-Catalog System needs to contain more large data and requires a more efficient retrieval system. This paper focuses on designing an efficient retrieval system for very large e-Catalogs of large e-Marketplaces. For this reason, a new similarity measure for e-Catalog retrieval based on semantic relationships was proposed. Our achievement is this: first, a new e-Catalog data model based on semantic relationships was designed. Second, the model was extended by considering lexical features (Especially, focus on Korean). Third, the factors affecting similarity with the model was defined. Fourth, from the factors, we finally defined a new similarity measure, realized the system and verified it through experimentation.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 1998

The study was designed to investigate implicit and explicit memory effec representations of bilinguals. Hierarchical model of bilingual information processing word naming and translation tasks in the context of semantically categorized or rar Experiments 1 and 2, bilinguals first viewed stimulus words and performed naming or tr then implicit and explicit memory tasks. In experiment I, word recognition times(exp were significantly faster for semantic category condition than random category condi naming task and lexical decision taskOmplicit memory task)showed no difference in e experiment 2, naming task and exlicit memory task showed categorization effect but fOWE a and implcit memory task showed no categorization effect. These findings support the which posits that memory representations of bilinguals are composed of two independer a and one common conceptual store.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.95-116
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• 2009

Ontologies have provided supports in integrating heterogeneous and distributed information. More and more ontologies and tools have been developed in various domains. However, building ontologies requires much time and effort. Therefore, ontologies need to be shared and reused among users. Specifically, finding the desired ontology from an ontology repository will benefit users. In the past, most of the studies on retrieving and ranking ontologies have mainly focused on lexical level supports. In those cases, it is impossible to find an ontology that includes concepts that users want to use at the semantic level. Most ontology libraries and ontology search engines have not provided semantic matching capability. Retrieving an ontology that users want to use requires a new ontology selection and ranking mechanism based on semantic similarity matching. We propose an ontology selection and ranking model consisting of selection criteria and metrics which are enhanced in semantic matching capabilities. The model we propose presents two novel features different from the previous research models. First, it enhances the ontology selection and ranking method practically and effectively by enabling semantic matching of taxonomy or relational linkage between concepts. Second, it identifies what measures should be used to rank ontologies in the given context and what weight should be assigned to each selection measure.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.71-87
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• 2004

Korean has a pair of voiceless fricatives, whose laryngeal manifestation comes in parallel to stops and affricates with a three-way lexical contrast. Prior phonetic studies by Kagaya (1974), Iverson (1983), and Kang (1999, 2000) point out /s/ is associated with multiple characteristics of the larynx shared with not only the lax but also the aspirated series, whereas /s' / carries a laryngeal distinction typical of the tense consonants. The complex dual nature of /s/ is again supported by a psycholinguistic study by Kang (2004), as /s/ was found to interact with /$c^h$/ (17% of the time) as well as /c/ (57%) in speech errors. In addition, a recent work by Cho and Lee (2003) notes an interesting chain shift case in the acquisition of the fricatives. Although they observed a significant phonological pattern between child English and Korean, Cho and Lee's description of acquiring fricatives is far from being precise from the perspective of phonetics. From a longitudinal study of recorded tapes by two children at 1;7-3;8 and 1;7-2;1 respectively, I found that /s' / was usually substituted into tense noncontinuants in young children's early production as predicted, whereas /s/ having both lax and aspirated-like glottal properties revealed a complicated pattern of substitutions into lax, tense, and aspirated noncontinuants with a varying degree of preference relative to the subjects. The current acquisition study supports the previous claims concerning fricatives in other languages, showing that their acquisition comes after stops. Besides, it also notes that Korean fricatives are subject to a series of phonological processes called stopping, affricating, tensifying and palatalizing during the transitional period of phonological development by young children. Moreover, between the two voiceless types, /s/ was acquired earlier than /s'/ as the unmarked segment.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.99-108
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• 2006

Three experiments were conducted to determine the exact locus of the frequency effect in speech production. In Experiment 1. a picture naming task was used to replicate whether the word frequency effect is due to the processes involved in lexical access or not. The robust word frequency effect of 31ms was obtained. The question to be addressed in Experiment 2 is whether the word frequency effect is originated from the level where a lemma is selected. To the end, using a picture-word interference task, the significance of interactions between the effects of target frequency, distractor frequency and semantic relatedness were tested. Interaction between the distractor frequency and semantic relatedness variables was significant. And interaction between the target and distractor frequency variables showed a significant tendency. In addition, the results of Experiment 2 suggest that the mechanism underlying the word frequency effect is encoded as different resting activation level of lemmas. Experiment 3 explored whether the word frequency effect is attributed to the lexeme level where phonological information of words is represented or not. A methodological logic applied to Experiment 3 was the same as to Experiment 2. Any interaction was not significant. In conclusion, the present study obtained the evidence supporting two assumptions: (a) the locus of the word frequency effect exists in the processes involved in lemma selection, (b) the mechanism for the word frequency effect is encoded as different resting activation level of lemmas. In order to explain the word frequency effect obtained in this study, the core assumptions of current production models need to be modified.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.99-104
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• 2019

In an attempt to shed light on the effects of overseas internships on foreign language development, this study investigated the differences in English compositions written by 10 Korean university students who joined an overseas internship program for 15 weeks. For data collection, the participants each wrote an English composition before and after the internship. Data collected was analyzed to discern differences in the two writings, and statistical analyses were carried out of the results. Results showed that the participants appeared to have attained lexical fluency, generating longer sentences embedded with multisyllabic, more diverse types, more complex and less redundant words in more complicated structures after the internship. This study revealed that overseas internships facilitated the growth of linguistic abilities. Korean SMEs need to enhance the global capacity of their human resources via overseas internships to strengthen their global competitiveness, apart from improving their industrial competencies such as productivity and product quality.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.203-216
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• 2017

There are many definitions around brand. It complexify academic literature. Thus, this study collected meaningful definitions among many statements about brand and analyzed and classified them by available perspectives. This is especially necessary contents in domestic brand study, which is short of concept research about brand. Various literatures are refereed to brand definition introduction. But to etymological definition, several European linguistic theses are deeply reviewed and to institutional definition, wide range of information such as history, law and society is refereed. Total brand definitions are classified in . It is divided into 2 parts which are non-commercial context (etymological and institutional definition) and commercial context (producer, customer and the relation or interaction between producer and customer). In etymological definition, the word origin is clear word 'brandr' which means 'burning wood' and cattle-brand made this 'brand'. In legal definition, legal and institutional meaning of 'trademark' is examined. Etymological definition and institutional definition are fundamental and lexical definition which show brand history. These are foundation stones in brand studies.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Next Generation Computing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2017

Current word sense disambiguation techniques employ various machine learning-based methods. Various approaches have been proposed to address this problem, including the knowledge base approach. This approach defines the sense of an ambiguous word in accordance with knowledge base information with no training corpus. In unsupervised learning techniques that use a knowledge base approach, graph-based and similarity-based methods have been the main research areas. The graph-based method has the advantage of constructing a semantic graph that delineates all paths between different senses that an ambiguous word may have. However, unnecessary semantic paths may be introduced, thereby increasing the risk of errors. To solve this problem and construct a fine-grained graph, in this paper, we propose a model that iteratively constructs the graph while eliminating unnecessary nodes and edges, i.e., senses and semantic paths. The hybrid similarity estimation model was applied to estimate a more accurate sense in the constructed semantic graph. Because the proposed model uses BabelNet, a multilingual lexical knowledge base, the model is not limited to a specific language.