• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2020

Objective: This study investigated the effects of oral administration of rumen-protected L-tryptophan (RPL-T) on duodenal starch digestion and gastrointestinal hormones (GIH) secretions using Hanwoo beef steers as the animal models. Methods: Four steers (423±24 kg) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were employed in a crossover design replicated twice. Treatments were control (basal diet) and RPL-T (basal diet+191.1 mg/kg body weight [BW]) group. Blood and duodenal samples were collected to measure serum GIH levels and pancreatic α-amylase activity at day 0, 1, 3, and 5 (-30, 30, 90, 150, and 210 min) of the study. Samples from each segment of the gastrointestinal tract were collected via ruminal and duodenal cannulas and were used to determine soluble protein and the starch digestion rate at days 6 (-30, 180, 360, and 540 min) and 8 (-30, 90, 270, and 450 min) of the experiment. Results: No significant difference in ruminal pH, NH₃-N, and total volatile fatty acid including the levels of acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, and the acetate-to-propionate ratio was observed between groups (p>0.05). Crude protein uptake was higher and feces starch content was lower in RPL-T group than the control group (p<0.05). The D-glucose contents of feces in RPL-T group decreased at day 5 compared to those in the control group (p<0.05), however, no change was found at day 0, 1, or 3 compared to the control group (p>0.05). Serum cholecystokinin (CCK), melatonin, duodenal pancreatic α-amylase activity, and starch digestion were significantly higher in RPL-T group than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Taken together, oral administration of RPL-T at the rate of 191.1 mg/kg BW consistently increased CCK concentration, pancreatic α-amylase activity in duodenal fluids, and starch digestion rate in the small intestine and thus found to be beneficial.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2000

1. Purpose This studies the regulatory effect of cytokine production in Soyangin patients with cerebral infarction by Yangkyuksanhwatang. 2 Method ELISA 3. Result & Conclusion Yangkyuksanhwatang(YST) is a prescription for the cerebral infarction (CI) patients of Soyangin according to Sasang constitution philosophy. Soyangin patients with CI were treated with YST during the acute stage. Clinical signs of CI disappeared markedly in about 2 to 4 weeks after oral administration of YST in all patients. The mean interleukin (IL)-2 plasma levels were slightly lower in the patients with CI than in the normal groups, whereas the mean IL-4, IL-6 and IgE levels were significantly higher in the patients. There were no significant differences in interferon- ${\gamma}$ (IFN- ${\gamma}$ ) levels between the groups. Serum IFN- ${\gamma}$ and IL-2 levels derived from T helper (Th)1 cells were elevated significantly in the patients with CI by YST administration. Significant reduced plasma levels of IL-4 and IL-6 derived from Th2 cells and IgE were observed in the patients treated with YST. During the period of YST administration, there were no other adverse effects. The data indicate that YST has a good CI treatment effect, and that its action may be due to regulation of cytokine production.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2011

In order to get a better understanding of the role of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in type 2 helper T (Th2) cell responses against Trichinella spiralis infection, we analyzed Th2 responses in T. spiralis-infected PAR2 knockout (KO) mice. The levels of the Th2 cell-secreted cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were markedly reduced in the PAR2 KO mice as compared to the wild type mice following infection with T. spiralis. The serum levels of parasite-specific IgE increased significantly in the wild type mice as the result of T. spiralis infection, but this level was not significantly increased in PAR2 KO mice. The expression level of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-25, and eotaxin gene (the genes were recently known as Th2 response initiators) of mouse intestinal epithelial cells were increased as the result of treatment with T. spiralis excretory-secretory proteins. However, the expression of these chemokine genes was inhibited by protease inhibitor treatments. In conclusion, PAR2 might involve in Th2 responses against T. spiralis infection.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.240-246
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• 2002

목 적 : 신사구체 질환의 발생과 진행에 있어서 tumornecrosis factor-${\alpha}$($TNF-{\alpha}$)의 혈청 농도가 관련이 있다는 것과 혈청 농도보다는 신장내 농도가 더 중요하다는 주장이 있다. 이에 본 연구자들은 신사구체 신염 질환인 HSP 신염(HSN)과 신증후군 질환인 특발성 신증후군(INS)에서 $TNF-{\alpha}$와 단백뇨와의 관련성을 알아보고자 했다. 방 법: 1998년 3월부터 2001년 3월까지 충북대학교병원 소아과를 방문한 HSP 21명, INS 22명을 대상으로 혈액과 소변을 채취하였다. 단백뇨가 있는 경우는 24시간 동안 단백량을 creatinine에 대한 비를 구하여 비교하였다. $TNF-{\alpha}$의 농도 측정은 mouse anti-human $TNF-{\alpha}$ 항체를 이용한 sandwitch ELISA법을 이용하였다. 통계는 Statistical Analysis System(SAS)을 이용하여 Kruskall-Wallis test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Spearmann test, paired t-test를 시행하였으며 유의 수준은 P<0.05를 기준으로 하였다. 결 과 : HSP에서 신장 침범이 없는 환아보다 신장 침범을 보인 환아에서 $TNF-{\alpha}$ 농도는 혈청에서 높았으나(P=0.009) 요에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다(P=0.088). HSN에서 혈청 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 농도에 비례하여 요단백이 의미 있게 증가하였고(P=0.004), 요 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 농도에 따라 요단백이 증가하는 양상이었지만 통계적 의의는 없었다(P=0.053). INS에서 단백뇨와 관련하여 혈청에서 P=0.763, 요에서 P=0.007으로 요의 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 농도에서만 통계적 의의가 있었다. 결 론: HSN에서 혈청 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 농도에 비례하는 신사구체의 손상으로 인해 요단백이 증가하고, INS에서는 여과된 단백에 의한 신세뇨관의 손상과 이에 따른 요의 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 증가로 추론할 수 있다. 따라서 HSP 환아에서 초기에 혈청 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 농도를 낮추는 치료를 시행함으로서 신염으로 이환되는 것을 예방하고, HSN 환아에서도 혈청 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 농도를 낮추는 치료를 적극적으로 하여 병의 진행을 막을 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 신증후군에서는 단백뇨를 줄이는 치료를 하여 신장의 병변이 악화되는 것을 지연시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.154-160
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• 2020

Objectives: It remains unclear whether methylphenidate (MPH) has yadverse effects on growth in children. This study aimed to investigate the association of MPH with serum biological markers of growth in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: The present study included 103 children with ADHD (64 drug-naive children, 39 MPH-treated children) and 112 control subjects. Children with ADHD were diagnosed on the basis of a semi-structured interview. Levels of biochemical markers of growth, including insulin-like growth factor-I, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T₄, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D, hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, and hematocrit were measured in these individuals. Results: Except in case of TSH, no intergroup differences were found in the levels of the growth markers. The levels of TSH were found to be lower in the MPH-treated boys with ADHD than in the drug-naive and control groups (p<0.05), although the levels of TSH in all the groups were within normal limits. Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study, no significant association was found between MPH and growth markers. This calls for the need to carry out prospective longitudinal research studies in the future that investigate the effect of MPH on the growth trajectory in children.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.132-146
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• 2016

Objectives This study's object was to observe the comparative effects of Yangkyuksanhwa-tang, Palmulgunja-tang and Cheongpyesagan-tang on the chronic LT4(levothyroxine) induced hyperthyroidism in rats.Methods Six groups, each of 8 rats in group, were used in this study. Saline and distilled water treated rats are intact control group. Hyperthyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous LT4 300 μg/kg treatment for 27 days(LT4 control). Since 12th LT4 treatment PTU(propylthiouracil) 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneal injected(PTU group) and aqueous extracts of Yangkyuksanhwa-tang, Palmulgunja-tang and Cheongpyesagan-tang(YS, PG and CS) 500 mg/kg were orally administrated(YS, PG, CS group), once a day for 15 days. The differences in the body, thyroid gland and epididymal fat pad weights, serum T3(tri-iodothyronine), T4(thyroxine), TSH(thyroid-stimulating hormone), thyroid gland and epididymal fat pad histopathology, liver weight, AST(asparte aminotransferase), ALT(alanine aminotransferase) concentrations, hepatic lipid peroxidation, GSH(glutathione), SOD(superoxide dismutase), CAT(catalase) activities, liver histopathology were observed to evaluate effects on hyperthyroidism, liver damages and antioxidant effects.Results As results of LT4 treatment, hyperthyroidism and related liver damages such as lower body, thyroid weights, higher serum T3, T4, AST, ALT levels, thinner follicular lining epithelium in thyroid glands were observed. However, these symptoms were inhibited by oral treatment of YS, PG and CS. As compared with PTU treatment, these herbal prescriptions showed lower overall efficacy on the hyperthyroidism, but YS showed more favorable effects on the hepatic antioxidant defense systems.Conclusions This results suggest that YS, PG and CS favorably control the LT4 induced hyperthyroidism and related liver damages in rats through modulation of the hepatic antioxidative defense systems.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.176-187
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• 2000

Objectives : This study was purposed to investigate the antioxidative effects of Paeoniae radix aqua-acupuncture solution(PR) on culture liver cell system, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities in tert-butyl hydroperoxide(t-BHP) treatmented conditions. Methods : Cultured normal rat liver cell(Ac2F) were prepared and incubated with or without PR(at 2% volume in culture medium). After 16~18hr, cells placed in DMEM medium without serum, and then incubated with 1mM t-BHP for 2hr. Viable cells were detected by MTT assay, and the levels of lipid peroxide(LPO) were measured by TBA method. And catalase activity was measured as the decrease in hydrogen peroxide absorbance at 240nm on spectrophotometer using 30mM hydrogen peroxide. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) were assayed by recording the inhibition of nitro blue tetrazolium reduction with xanthine and xanthine oxidase. Glutathione peroxidase(GPX) activity was determined by the modified coupled assay developed by Paglia and Lawrence. The reaction was started by addition of 2.2mM hydrogen peroxide as substrate. The change in absorbance at 340nm was measured for 1min on spectrophotometer. Glutathione-S-transferase(GST) activity was assayed with CDNB as substrate and enzyme activity of GST towards the glutathione conjugation of CDNB. Results : Cell killing was significantly enhanced by addition of t-BHP compared to those of untreated group. PR pretreated cell resisted the toxic effects of t-BHP. LPO levels of t-BHP treatment group were significantly higher than other groups. This increased level was significandy reduced by PR pretreatment. The t-BHP treatment resulted in a decrease of catalase, GPX and GST activities. By contrast, PR pretreatment markedly increased compare to those of untreated groups. Conclusions : T-BHP which can produce intracellular free radical was used for inducer of the peroxidation of cellular lipids. PR protected the cell death induced by t-BHP and significantly increased cell viabiliry in the normal rat liver cell, and showed effective inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and elevations of catalase, GPX and GST activities. These results suggested that PR might play a protective role in lipid peroxidation by free radicals.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.129-134
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• 1998

Nivalenol(NIV)의 검출을 위한 효소면역측정법(ELISA)을 개발하기 위하여 tetraacetyl nivalenol(Ac4-NIV)에 대한 다클론항체를 생산하고 그 조건을 확립하였다. Ac4-NIV-hemisuccinate를 bovine serum albumin에 공유결합 시킨 Ac4-NIV-HS-BSA를 Freund's adjuvant와 함께 수차례 토끼에 피하면역하였다. 가장 높은 항체가를 나타낸 항혈청으로부터 정제한 항체와 Ac4-NIV-HS-HRP conjugate를 이용하여 직접 경합 ELISA(cdELISA)를 확립하였다. 그 표준 곡선으로부터 Ac4-NIV의 검출 범위는 10~5,000 ng/ml(ppb)임을 알 수 있었다. 특이항체의 Ac4-NIV과 acetyl T-2에 대한 반응성은 각각 100, 70%였으나, NIV, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol, triacetyl deoxynivalenol, fusarenon-X, T-2에 대한 반응성은 0.1% 이하로 극히 미약하였다. NIV를 인위적으로 오염시킨 옥수수 시료를 70% acetonitrile 추출하고 acetylation 한 다음 cdELISA를 행하였을 때, 분석의 회수율은 100, 300, 1,000 ng/g(ppb)에서 각각 108, 143, and 70%(평균, 107%)로 나타났다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2003

Obesity is caused by unbalance of energy intake and expenditure, which results in extra accumulation of adipose tissue. Obesity is directly related to metabolic diseases such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver and so on. To investigate the anti-obesity effects of Scutellariae Radix, 70% EtOH extract and water extract of it were tested by in vitro and in vivo studies of fat accumulation. 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line was used in a in vitro study of fat accumulation. After 3T3-L1 cells were induced to differentiate into adipocytes, S. radix extract were added and fat accumulation was measured by oil red O staining. In vivo study showed that weight and epididymal/ retro-peritoneal adipose tissues were significantly reduced in mice fed Scutellariae Radix extract compared with control group. Especially, mice fed Scutellariae Radix extract showed reduced serum triglyceride and glucose levels. When adipose tissues were analyzed by microscope, mean adipocyte size was significantly reduced in Scutellariae Radix extract-fed mice. Therefore, this study showed inhibitory effects of Scutellariae Radix on in vitro and in vivo fat accumulation.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-arthritis effects of Jeonsaenghwalhyeoltanggamibang(JHTG) on collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) in mice. Methods: To assess the effects of JHTG on CIA in mice, we conducted several experiments such as analysis of arthritis index, cell count of draining lymph node(DLN) and paw joint, measurement of serum antibody levels and observation of the histological changes of joint. Results: 1. JHTG extract had a suppressive effect on the arthritis index of paw joints in CIA mice. 2. JHTG extract increased the total cell number of DLN, and decreased the total cell number of paw joints in CIA mice. 3. JHTG extract increased the absolute number of various cell surface receptors in DLN, and decreased the absolute number of B220+/CD23+ cells in DLN in CIA mice. 4. JHTG extract decreased the absolute number of CD3+, CD4+, CD11b+/Gr-1 cells in paw joint in CIA mice. 5. JHTG extract didn't decrease the absolute number of CD4+/CD25+ cells in paw joints in CIA mice. 6. JHTG extract decreased levels of total IgM in the serum of CIA mice, but had no effect on levels of collagen II specific antibody. 7. JHTG extract decreased the destruction of articular cartilages and collagen fibers and the proliferation of synovial cells in paw joints from CIA mice. Conclusion: These results indicate that JHTG has clinical potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by modulating the immune response.