• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.136-150
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• 2022

본 연구는 하천 관리 및 홍수위 분석에 있어 필수적인 자료 중 하나인 하천 지형정보를 얻기 위해 RGB 영상을 활용하는 방법에 대한 비교 검토가 이루어졌다. 하천 구역의 지형정보를 얻는 데 있어 흐름 구간 즉 하도 지형정보를 얻는 것이 가장 어려운 분야 중 하나이기에 본 연구에서는 RGB 영상 기반으로 하도 지형정보를 추정하는 것에 집중하였다. 이를 위해 Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler(ADCP)와 RTK-GPS(Real Time Kinematic-GPS)를 이용하여 하도 지형을 직접 계측하였으며, 동시에 드론 촬영을 통해 획득한 고해상도 이미지를 이용하여 정사 영상을 생성하였다. 이후 수심 계측 결과와 RGB 정사 영상의 밴드 값들을 이용하여 수심 예측을 위한 기존에 개발된 회귀식들을 적용하였으며, 가장 뛰어난 예측력을 보여준 회귀식을 이용하여 연구 대상 지역의 하도 지형을 추정하였다. 흐름 구간 이외 지역의 경우 항공 라이다로부터 생성된 DEM을 이용하여 하천 구간 전체에 대한 지형정보를 구축하였다. 추가로 드론 촬영이 이루어진 동일한 시간 동안 직접 계측한 자료를 이용하여 생성된 지형정보와 드론 정사 영상 기반으로 생성된 하도 지형정보의 비교 검증을 수행하기 위해 CCHE2D 모형을 활용하여 흐름 모델링을 모의하였으며, 일부 구간에 대한 계측이 이루어지지 못한 직접 계측한 지형정보와 비교하여 영상 기반의 지형정보는 보다 나은 수심, 유속 모의 결과를 보여주었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 RGB 영상으로부터 하도 지형정보를 획득할 수 있는 것을 확인하였으며, 추가적인 연구가 수행된다면 하천 관리를 위한 효율적인 하천 지형정보를 얻는 방법으로 활용할 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.35-48
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• 1988

Amongst various analytic methods of internal structure of city, the factor analysis method which uses O-D matrix data has some merits and characteristics compared to other methods. 1) It is possible to find one certain interaction and flow pattern between traffic zones with in a city through reanalyzing O-D data which is too complex to grasp specific meaning or pattern of flow systems. 2) It can be easily visualized the traffic flow pattern by using adequate graphic techniques, and also can clarify the functional areas whose interaction linkages are significantly strong enough between each other. In this study, the taxi traffic O-D data between 42 traffic zones in Kwang-ju city was reanalyzied by varimax rotated factor analysis methods. As a result, four factors that have significant level factor loading (over 0.5 ) and factor score (over 1.0) were sorted out. so to speak four different functional areas were clarified in Kwang-ju city, of the West, the East, the south, and the North functional areas whose interaction linkages are significantly strong enough between each other. In the study, the taxi traffic O-D data between 42 traffic zones in Kwang-ju city was reanalyzied by varimax rotated factor analysis methods. As a result, four factors that have significant level factor loading (over 0.5) and factor score 9over 1.0) were sorted out. so to speak four different functional areas were clarified in Kwang-ju city, of the West, the East, the South, and the North functional area, then these four functional areas are almost coincided with citizen's general conception of community division and administrative district. Accordingly the factor analysis methods using traffic data seems to proved to be very accurate and useful analytic instruments for analyzing flow pattern and clarifying functional areas of city, and believed to provide basic informations and criteria for practical urban land use planning and transportation planning.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.584-589
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• 2014

Jeffersonia dubia is a spring-flowering perennial found in rich forests in Korea and Northern China and has potential as an ornamental or medicinal plant. However, illegal picking and land use change have decreased the number of populations and overall population size of this plant in its natural habitat. Although J. dubia has been reported to be a shade-preferring plant, no study has determined the optimum light intensity for its growth. The objectives of this work were to observe the effects of various shading levels on the physiological responses of J. dubia and to determine the proper shading level for cultivation. Treatments consisted of four shading levels (0%, 50%, 75%, and 95% shade) imposed using black mesh cloth. The number of leaves and dry weight increased with decreased shading. The shoot-to-root ratio increased with increased shading, mainly due to decreased root dry weight under shading. Plants showed low net $CO_2$ assimilation rates and $F_v/F_m$ values combined with low dry matter levels when grown under 0% shade (full sunlight). These results indicate that J. dubia plants experience excessive irradiance without shading, resulting in damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. By contrast, the net photosynthesis rate increased as the shading level increased. $F_v/F_m$, the potential efficiency of PSII, was 0.8 under 95% shade, indicating that J. dubia is well-adapted under heavy shading. However, the low dry matter of plants in the 95% shade treatment indicated that the low light intensity under 95% shade led to a decline in plant growth. Thus, moderate light (50% shading) is recommended for cultivating J. dubia without physiological defects.

• 농촌계획
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2014

Self-sufficiency rate of food in South Korea is almost at the lowest level among OECD countries, and the decrease tend of farmland is expected to be continued. In this situation, the government has been revised the target self-sufficiency rate of food, and carried forward various policies in order to achieve it. One of those policies is the restoration business of idle farmland which is planned to carry forward after 2015. This study set up indicators evaluating effective use of idle farmland, and tried to apply in the field before carrying forward restoration business. The result of this study may be summarized as follows. First of all, it reset an evaluation indicator that was based on the evaluation indicator developed in order to set application directions of idle farmland. Next, it selected 30 idle farmlands with reset evaluation indicator among 11,635 which were inspected nationwide in 2012. Before applying indicator, it measured the condition of recycling such as accessibility of farmland, condition of irrigation and drainage system, land state, and surroundings by field investigation. Then, it calculated composite score in each target area through applying indicators, and verified the indicator by comparing calculated result with the one which was decided from field investigation. Finally, it carried out field investigation, correct and upgrade some problems of the standard of score calculation that was found during applying previously set evaluation indicator to target area, and established the final standard of calculation for evaluation indicator.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.190-190
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• 2017

Chemical fertilizers have been used to increase crop production and contributed to escaping food shortages. However, excessive use of chemical fertilizers over a long period caused many problems such as environmental pollution and the hampered production potential of the land. Thus, it is necessary to develop eco-friendly bio-fertilizers that can replace the use of chemical fertilizers. Here, we tested the effect of some nitrogen-fixing microorganims on the plant growth promotion. Seventy free-living nitrogen fixing microorganisms were isolated from rhizosphere of crop cultivation fields, streamside soils and sludge in Ansung, Korea. Of them, three strains (NF2-4-1, Yeast; EMM409, Mesorhizobium; Gsoil662, Burkholderia) were selected to be most efficient in the capacity of N-fixing nitrogen based on colony forming cell assay in N-free media. To investigate the ability to promote plant growth, these strains were inoculated into the soil and cabbage were grown for 4 weeks in the grown chamber. Fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area were measured from 4-week-old plants. Phenotypic analysis revealed that the growth of the plants inoculated with NF2-4-1 and EMM409 strains were significantly promoted compared to the mock-treated control plants, while Gsoil662-inoculated plants did not show statically significant promotion. These results indicate that these nitrogen-fixing microorganims can be used to develop plant growth promoting bio-fertilizers. Further analysis on nitrogen fixing level in soil by these strains will be tested.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2014

본 연구는 우리나라 도시도 성장단계에서 성숙단계로 진입하고 있는 사실에 주목하여 수익성 중심의 복합개발사업도 변화가 필요하며, 특히 주거시설이 중심이 된 복합주거단지는 공익성이 가미된 새로운 관점에서의 접근이 필요하다는 생각에서 출발하였다. 본 연구에서는 공익성을 가지면서 지역활성화의 거점 역할을 할 수 있는 복합주거단지를 '지역거점 복합주거단지'로 정의하고 (1)지역거점 복합주거단지의 개념 제시, (2)지역거점 복합주거단지의 개발원칙 제시, (3)지역거점 복합주거단지 실현을 위한 제도적 검토를 연구의 목적으로 삼았다. 각 연구목적에 대한 결과를 간략히 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지역거점 복합주거단지의 개념으로는 주거시설을 중심으로 문화, 복지, 의료 등의 공익성을 가지는 용도를 복합하는 '용도복합', 지역의 부족한 커뮤니티 시설을 보완하여 지역 교류를 활성화하는 '사회복합', 보행 중심의 동선체계를 수평 수직방향으로 유기적으로 연계시켜 지역과 하나가 되는 '공간복합'이라는 세 가지 복합이 이루어져야함을 제시하였다. 둘째, 지역거점 복합주거단지의 개발원칙으로 개발목표, 개발개념, 개발방식, 공간구조, 공간요소, 공간위계의 6대 원칙을 설정하였고 각각의 내용을 정의하였다. 특히 주거시설은 사회적 통합이 이루어질 수 있도록 다양한 주거유형의 혼합의 필요성을 제시하였고, 비주거용도의 시설은 지역거점 복합주거단지만의 정체성 확보를 위한 공통시설과 지역사회에 공헌할 수 있는 특화시설로 구분이 필요함을 제시하였다. 셋째, 지역거점 복합주거단지 실현을 위해서는 현행 도시 및 주택 관련 법규가 일률적이고 규제중심으로 본 연구에서 제안한 지역거점 복합주거단지의 다양한 용도복합 및 다양한 주거유형의 혼합 등을 구현하기 위해서는 주택법 등 일부 법제도의 개선이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.299-316
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• 2019

본 연구는 지리정보시스템(GIS) 환경에서 확률 모델인 Weight Of Evidence (WOE)와 Evidential Belief Function (EBF), 기계학습 모델인 Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) 모델을 이용하여 평창지역의 산사태 취약성도를 공간적으로 분석하고 예측하였다. 본 연구지역은 2006년 태풍 에위니아에 의한 집중호우로 산사태가 많이 발생하여 많은 재산 및 인명피해가 발생하였다. 산사태 취약성도를 작성하기 위해 항공사진을 이용하여 3,955개의 방대한 산사태 발생 위치를 탐지하였고, 환경공간정보인 지형, 지질, 토양, 산림 및 토지이용 등의 공간 데이터를 수집하여 공간데이터베이스에 구축하였다. 이러한 공간데이터베이스를 이용하여 산사태에 영향을 줄 수 있는 인자 17개를 추출하여 입력 인자와 EBF, WOE, ANN 모델을 이용하여 산사태 취약성도를 작성하고 검증하였다. 작성 및 검증을 위해 산사태 자료는 각각 50%씩 나누어서 훈련 및 검증을 실시하였고, 검증결과 WOE 모델의 경우는 74.73%, EBF 모델의 경우는 75.03%, ANN 모델의 경우는 70.87%의 예측 정확도를 나타내었다. 본 연구에 사용된 모델 중 EBF 모델이 가장 높은 정확도를 나타냈으며, 모든 모델에서 70% 이상의 예측 정확도를 보여 본 연구에서 사용된 기법이 산사태 취약성도 작성에 유효함을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 제안된 WOE, EBF, ANN 모델과 산사태 취약성도는 이전에 산사태가 발생하지 않은 지역의 산사태를 예측하는 데 사용될 수 있다. 이러한 취약성도는 산사태 위험 감소를 촉진하고, 토지 이용 정책 및 개발을 위한 기초자료 역할을 할 수 있으며, 궁극적으로 산사태 재해 예방을 위한 시간과 비용을 절약할 수 있다. 향후 보다 많은 지역에서 산사태 취약성도 작성 방법을 적용하여 산사태 위험 예측을 위한 일반화된 모델을 이끌어 내야 한다.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2016

India is largest producer of banana in the world producing 29.72 million tonnes from an area of 0.803 million ha with a productivity of 35.7 MT ha-1 and accounted for 15.48 and 27.01 per cent of the world's area and production respectively (www.nhb.gov.in). In India, Tamil Nadu leads other states both in terms of area and production followed by Maharashtra, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. In Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, Kurnool district had special reputation in the cultivation of banana in an area of 5765 hectares with an annual production of 2.01 lakh tonnes in the year 2012-13 and hence, it was purposively chosen for the study. On $23^{rd}$ November 2003, the Government of Andhra Pradesh has commenced a comprehensive project called 'Andhra Pradesh Micro Irrigation Project (APMIP)', first of its kind in the world so as to promote water use efficiency. APMIP is offering 100 per cent of subsidy in case of SC, ST and 90 per cent in case of other categories of farmers up to 5.0 acres of land. In case of acreage between 5-10 acres, 70 per cent subsidy and acreage above 10, 50 per cent of subsidy is given to the farmer beneficiaries. The sampling frame consists of Kurnool district, two mandals, four villages and 180 sample farmers comprising of 60 farmers each from Marginal (<1ha), Small (1-2ha) and Other (>2ha) categories. A well structured pre-tested schedule was employed to collect the requisite information pertaining to the performance of drip irrigation among the sample farmers and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was employed to analyze the performance of drip irrigation in banana farms. The performance of drip irrigation was assessed based on the parameters like: Land Development Works (LDW), Fertigation costs (FC), Volume of water supplied (VWS), Annual maintenance costs of drip irrigation (AMC), Economic Status of the farmer (ES), Crop Productivity (CP) etc. The first four parameters are considered as inputs and last two as outputs for DEA modelling purposes. The findings revealed that, the number of farms operating at CRS are more in number in other farms (46.66%) followed by marginal (45%) and small farms (28.33%). Similarly, regarding the number of farmers operating at VRS, the other farms are again more in number with 61.66 per cent followed by marginal (53.33%) and small farms (35%). With reference to scale efficiency, marginal farms dominate the scenario with 57 per cent followed by others (55%) and small farms (50%). At pooled level, 26.11 per cent of the farms are being operated at CRS with an average technical efficiency score of 0.6138 i.e., 47 out of 180 farms. Nearly 40 per cent of the farmers at pooled level are being operated at VRS with an average technical efficiency score of 0.7241. As regards to scale efficiency, nearly 52 per cent of the farmers (94 out of 180 farmers) at pooled level, either performed at the optimum scale or were close to the optimum scale (farms having scale efficiency values equal to or more than 0.90). Majority of the farms (39.44%) are operating at IRS and only 29 per cent of the farmers are operating at DRS. This signifies that, more resources should be provided to these farms operating at IRS and the same should be decreased towards the farms operating at DRS. Nearly 32 per cent of the farms are operating at CRS indicating efficient utilization of resources. Log linear regression model was used to analyze the major determinants of input use efficiency in banana farms. The input variables considered under DEA model were again considered as influential factors for the CRS obtained for the three categories of farmers. Volume of water supplied ($X_1$) and fertigation cost ($X_2$) are the major determinants of banana farms across all the farmer categories and even at pooled level. In view of their positive influence on the CRS, it is essential to strengthen modern irrigation infrastructure like drip irrigation and offer more fertilizer subsidies to the farmer to enhance the crop production on cost-effective basis in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India. This study further suggests that, the present era of Information Technology will help the irrigation management in the context of generating new techniques, extension, adoption and information. It will also guide the farmers in irrigation scheduling and quantifying the irrigation water requirements in accordance with the water availability in a particular season. So, it is high time for the Government of India to pay adequate attention towards the applications of 'Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and its applications in irrigation water management' for facilitating the deployment of Decision Supports Systems (DSSs) at various levels of planning and management of water resources in the country.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.1540-1554
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• 2023

To use nuclear energy sustainably, spent nuclear fuel, classified as high-level radioactive waste and inevitably discharged after electricity generation by nuclear power plants, must be managed safely and isolated from the human environment. In Korea, the land area is limited and the amount of high-level radioactive waste, including spent nuclear fuels to be disposed, is relatively large. Thus, it is particularly necessary to maximize disposal efficiency. In this study, a high-efficiency deep geological repository concept was developed to enhance disposal efficiency. To this end, design strategies and requirements for a high-efficiency deep geological repository system were established, and engineered barrier modules with a disposal canister for pressurized water reactor (PWR)-type and pressurized heavy water reactor type Canada deuterium uranium (CANDU) plants were developed. Thermal and structural stability assessments were conducted for the repository system; it was confirmed that the system was suitable for the established strategies and requirements. In addition, the results of the nuclear safety assessment showed that the radiological safety of the new system met the Korean safety standards for disposal of high-level radioactive waste in terms of radiological dose. To evaluate disposal efficiency in terms of the disposal area, the layout of the developed disposal areas was assessed in terms of thermal limits. The estimated disposal areas were 2.51 km² and 1.82 km² (existing repository system: 4.57 km²) and the excavated host rock volumes were 2.7 Mm³ and 2.0 Mm³ (existing repository system: 4.5 Mm³) for thermal limits of 100 ℃ and 130 ℃, respectively. These results indicated that the area and the excavated volume of the new repository system were reduced by 40-60% compared to the existing repository system. In addition, methods to further improve the efficiency were derived for the disposal area for deep geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel. The results of this study are expected to be useful in establishing a national high-level radioactive waste management policy, and for the design of a commercial deep geological repository system for spent nuclear fuels.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2003

This study explored effects of urban greenspace on improving atmospheric environment, which is concerned with $CO_2$, SO$_2$ and NO$_2$ uptake, and with reduction of summer air temperatures. The site of this study was focused on Jung-gu in Seoul. Tree density and cover were 1.1 trees/100 $m^2$ and 12.5% respectively for the study area except forest lands. Atmospheric purification by greenspace was associated with changes in tree cover per unit area of each land use type. The mean $CO_2$ storage by woody plants was 19.4t/ha, and annual uptake averaged 2.2t/ha/yr for $CO_2$, 1.9kg/ha/yr for SO$_2$ and 5.0kg/ha/yr for NO$_2$. Entire tree plantings in the study area played a significant role by annually offsetting $CO_2$ emissions of about 1,830t from fossil fuel consumption by 330 persons, SO$_2$ emissions of 1,620kg by 1,080 persons, and NO$_2$ emissions of 4,230kg by 450 persons. The summer air temperature was 3.6$^{\circ}C$ cooler at a location with 54% cover of woody plants and 4.5$^{\circ}C$ cooler at a forest site with 100% cover, compared to a place with no planting. A 10% increase of woody plant cover was estimated to decrease summer air temperature by approximately 0.6$^{\circ}C$ until a certain level of canopy cover. Analyzing data from the Automatic Weather Stations in Seoul revealed that increasing tree cover decreased mean air temperature for the summer season (Jun~Aug) in a nonlinear function. Woody plant cover was the best predictive variable of summer temperature reduction. The results from this study are expected to be useful in emphasizing the environmental benefits and importance of urban greenspace enlargement, and in urging the necessity for planting and management budgets.