• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 2016

This study has been carried out to provide data for the workforce by analyzing personnel status of medical device manufacturers, level of difficulty in securing human resource, reason for difficulty in securing human resource, resignation rate, and recruitment methods. Results, medical device manufacturers are required overseas sales personnel responsible for international certification and exported, regardless of the production item. And the company is located in the metropolitan area did not facilitate a secure workforce. Medical device manufacturers have difficulties in securing personnel, regardless of the employees and sales. In particular, Class 3 production company was more difficult. The reason that it is difficult to secure the human resources is attributable to the poor working conditions of the private companies and there is a few possible employees equipped with the job competency demanded by corporate entities. With respect to the analysis on the retirement rate, the larger the company scale and the more the employee number, more difficulty is experienced in the human resource management. Therefore, for any medical device manufacturers with large organization scale, it would be critical to introduce appropriate human resource management program.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.507-512
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• 2010

Many learning methods are recently being proposed for web-based remote education and a method commonly applied to web-based learning is learning through questions. In the existing methods, the difficulty of questions is chosen by learners in accordance with their level or questions are selected dynamically. As these methods are simply based on difference among questions presented, however, it is hardly possible for learners to study according to their abilities. To solve the problem, we adjusted the difficulty of questions presented based on information on individuals' weak points for different types of questions. Under the system individuals can learn by applying information on their abilities with regard to the type and difficulty of questions repeatedly, so the system can provide more effective distance learning. To overcome space restrictions in learning, also, we design and implement a mobile study system on the top of PDA platforms.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.287-303
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• 2005

This study examined the effect of cognitive ability levels on skill acquisition and transfer as a function of training difficulty. Participants were classified into three groups based on the result of cognitive ability tests. They were trained with difficult or easy tasks and then transferred to novel difficult tasks. Results suggest that cognitive ability levels influenced training performance, though the effect of training difficulty on transfer performance varied with cognitive ability. The training difficulty was most effective for those who have the medium level of cognitive ability. These results were discussed with respect to individual differences and skill transfer performance.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.397-409
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• 2015

Nowadays, crowdfunding presents a promising development. This research focuses on the influence of platform strategy and market response on the success of crowdfunding from the perspective of the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) theory. Detailed product specifications, crowdfunding difficulty coefficient, vivid advertising video such as introduction and music, and recommendations from relevant figures are all used to depict platform strategy. Meanwhile, we use the number of lovers, followers, comments and 1 RMB backers to measure the level of market response. And thus, we model the impact of platform strategy and market response on crowdfunding success with empirical studies based on 400 samples of observed value. We found firstly that there exist significant positive relations between the total amount of funds pledged and detailed product specification, vivid advertising video, recommendations from relevant figures and the number of 1 RMB backers. Secondly, the crowdfunding difficulty of projects affects negatively, and significantly, the total amount of funds pledged. Thirdly, the influence of the number of lovers and followers on funds pledged is not significant.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.72-84
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify nurses' duties and tasks for job analysis of the nurses in the operating room. Methods: This study was descriptive investigation research using the 3-point likert scale questionnaires and the level of importance, difficulty and the frequency of each duty and task were analyzed. Data were collected by 422 OR nurses from 57 hospitals. Results: Job of OR nurses included 13 duties and 105 tasks. The 13 duties were 'management of operative patient' 'assistive work for operation' 'supportive work for operation' 'infection control in OR' 'management of equipments and instruments for operation' 'administrating medicine for operation' 'supplies management for operation' 'safety management for operation' 'environmental management for operating room' 'administrative work for operation' 'education for operating room personnel' 'development of operation procedure books' and 'elf development of OR personnel' Conclusion: This study identified duties and tasks performed by OR nurses. Based on these results, the importance, frequency, and difficulty in this study will provide research evidence for developing training programs for OR nurses.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2021

As pass the three revised bills, the Personal Information Protection Act was revised to have a larger application for personal information. For an industrial development through an efficient and secure usage of personal information, there is a need to revise the existing anonymity processing method. This paper modifies the Zero Knowledge Proofs algorithm among the anonymity processing methods to modify the anonymity process calculations by taking into account the reliability of the used service company. More detail, the formula of ZKP (Zero Knowledge Proof) used by ZK-SNAKE is used to modify the personal information for pseudonymization processing. The core function of the proposed algorithm is the addition of user variables and adjustment of the difficulty level according to the reliability of the data user organization and the scope of use. Through Setup_p, the additional variable γ can be selectively applied according to the reliability of the user institution, and the degree of agreement of Witness is adjusted according to the reliability of the institution entered through Prove_p. The difficulty of the verification process is adjusted by considering the reliability of the institution entered through Verify_p. SimProve, a simulator, also refers to the scope of use and the reliability of the input authority. With this suggestion, it is possible to increase reliability and security of anonymity processing and distribution of personal information.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.26-34
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to assess and modify the original classification categories of the modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) and to determine the unidimensionality of the modified ODQ applying Rasch Analysis. The data were obtained from 108 work-related low back pain patients by physical therapists. Construct validity of the scale using the Rasch model required the structure of the rating scale to be modified from 6 response levels to 4 response levels. Eight items from the modified ODQ fit the Rasch model. The items, "pain intensity" and "social life" showed misfit statistics. In general, the order of item difficulty of the remaining 8 items showed a logical item difficulty hierarchy with the "changing degree of pain" item being the most difficult and the "walk" item being the easiest. The results showed that further study is needed to expand the construct of ODQ including additional higher-level items related to work activities. This study may be useful for establishing a standard method to assess the functionality of low back pain patients.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2016

Background: The Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) was developed to measure of gait-related activities. The FGA was translated in Korean but only a few psychometric characteristics had been studied. Objects: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of FGA scale using Rasch analysis. Methods: The study included 120 patients with stroke (age range=30~83 years; mean${\pm}$standard deviation=$58.3{\pm}11.1$). The FGA and Berg Balance Scale were performed, and were analysed for dimensionality of the scale, item difficulty, scale reliability and separation, and item-person map using Rasch analysis. Results: The 4 rating scale categories of FGA were satisfied with optimal rating scale criteria. The most items of the FGA showed sound item psychometric properties except 2 items ('gait with the horizontal head turns', and 'gait with narrow base of support'), and the 2 misfit items were excluded for all further analyses. The 8 items were arranged in order of difficulty. The most difficult item was 'gait with eyes closed', the middle difficult item was 'gait level surface', and the easiest item was 'gait with vertical head turns.' A person separation reliability was .93 and the person separation index was 3.57. Conclusion: This study suggests that the 8-item Korean FGA are valid measure of assess the gait-related balance performance, and to set the goal of rehabilitation plan in patient with stroke.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.125-136
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• 2018

Although atypical sensory processing is a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there is considerable heterogeneity among ASD individuals in the modality and symptoms of atypical sensory processing. The present study examined visual processing of children with ASD, focusing on the complexity and orientation of visual information. Age- and -IQ-matched Korean children (14 ASD and 14 typically-developing (TD) children) received an orientation discrimination task involving static spatial gratings varied in complexity (simple versus complex) and orientation (horizontal versus vertical). The results revealed that ASD children had difficulty perceiving complex information regardless of orientation, whereas TD children had more difficulty with vertical gratings than horizontal gratings. Thus, group-level differences between ASD and TD children appeared greater when gratings were presented horizontally. Unlike ASD adult literature, however, ASD children did not show superior performance on simple gratings. Our findings on typical and atypical processing of ASD children have implications for both understanding the characteristics of ASD children and developing diagnostic tools for ASD.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.363-375
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• 2009

This study is to verify effects of banner advertising by context effect in web contents. For this, it analyzed the effects of banner advertising by association of internet article's contents, emotion, difficulty of article and the level of involvement. According to the result of experimental design, banner advertising effects by context effects of web contents were high in the following cases; in the case when the contents were highly associated with banner advertising; in the case when the positive emotions were formed by the internet article; in the case when the difficultly of article was low; and in the case when consumer's involvement was high. And also, when the contents were highly associated with the advertising, the content effects of web contents were high even in the case when the negative emotions were formed; in the case when the difficulty of article was high; and consumer's involvement was low.