• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2017

In silico methods to predict toxicity include the use of (Quantitative) Structure-Activity Relationships ((Q)SARs) as well as grouping (category formation) allowing for read-across. A challenging area for in silico modelling is the prediction of chronic toxicity and the No Observed (Adverse) Effect Level (NO(A)EL) in particular. A proposed solution to the prediction of chronic toxicity is to consider organ level effects, as opposed to modelling the NO(A)EL itself. This review has focussed on the use of structural alerts to identify potential liver toxicants. In silico profilers, or groups of structural alerts, have been developed based on mechanisms of action and informed by current knowledge of Adverse Outcome Pathways. These profilers are robust and can be coded computationally to allow for prediction. However, they do not cover all mechanisms or modes of liver toxicity and recommendations for the improvement of these approaches are given.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.151-153
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• 2004

Causes of rhabdomyolysis can be divided into traumatic and nontraumatic, Among the nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis, it is known that ingestion of drugs is one of the common causes. However, there have been few reports that benzodiazepine overdose causes rhabdomyolysis, moreover there was no report about rhabdomyolysis after alprazolam overdose. We experienced a case of rhabdomyolysis after alprazolam overdose. A 51-year-old woman was brought to the emergency room 11 hours after ingestion of 30 tablets (15 mg) of alprazolam in a suicidal attempt. On admission she was comatose and her CK level was 8,290 lUlL. The CK level increased up to 25,598 IU/L 10 hours after admission, but she became alert on the third day. Subsequently the CK level decreased gradually with supportive care without renal impairment and she discharged from the hospital on the $10^{th}$ day. Although a pressure effect on the dependent portion of the body due to mental alteration before admission might have caused the rhabdomyolysis, the alprazolam, per se, cannat be ruled out for the cause.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.33-55
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• 2018

생물다양성 감소의 가장 주요한 원인으로 외래생물의 유입이 지적되고 있으며, 특히 침입외래종으로 인한 서식지 파괴, 경제적 손실, 인체 피해 등이 가속화되고 있다. 국내에 유입된 외래생물은 2167종으로 생태계위해성평가를 통해 위해성이 높은 꽃매미(Lycorma delicatula), 붉은불개미(Solenopsis invicta), 뉴트리아(Myocastor coypus), 갯줄풀(Spartina alterniflora) 등 21종이 생태계교란 생물로 지정되어 있다. 국내에 유입될 경우 생태계에 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 위해우려종은 생태계위해성심사를 통해 127종이 지정되어 있다. 이처럼 외래생물을 목록화하여 유입을 사전에 예방하고, 유입된 외래생물에 대한 피해를 최소화하기 위해 생물다양성 보전 및 이용에 관한 법률이라는 국가차원의 관리제도가 마련되었으나, 위험도에 따른 체계적인 관리체계 구축이 부족한 실정이며, 위해성 예측시 평가기준 및 분류군별 생태적 특성을 반영한 위해성평가표가 개발되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2023

This study analyzed the relationship between harmful cyanobacterial abundance and environmental factors in order to figure out the causes of the recent increase of cyanobacteria in Lake Dukdong from 2019 to 2021. Lake Dukdong, which is used as a drinking water source for Gyeongju City, has an algae alert system in place. Lake Dukdong has maintained good water quality, but algae alert level 1 (over 1,000 cells/mL) has been issued in recent years. As a result of Pearson correlation analysis (from May to Oct.), the cell density of Microcystis and Aphanizomenon, which form part of the most harmful cyanobacteria genus, were significantly positively correlated with the water temperature and water storage volume. T-test was performed to compare the data from 2016-2018 and 2019-2021 (from May to Oct.). The average density of harmful cyanobacteria cells increased about six-fold from 54 to 344 cells/mL. There were significant differences in water temperature, pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), TN/TP ratio, water storage volume, and cyanobacterial cell density. Water temperature increased from 19.2 to 22.8 ℃. TP concentration increased from 0.017 to 0.028 mg/L. The main cause of the recent increase of harmful cyanobacteria in Lake Dukdong is thought to be the increase in water temperature, TP concentration, and water storage volume from 2019 and 2021, resulting in more favorable conditions for cyanobacterial growth.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2019년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.160-161
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• 2019

Recently, a bed company's product has detected a certain level of radon or higher, making it a popular search word on portal sites. Because of this problem, people are becoming more interested in radon. The government plans to support the establishment of a radon alert system for households through a radon concentration survey of 10,000 households. The use of palm charcoal as an indoor finishing material will reduce the risk of lung cancer through radon reduction. The experiment used a method of replacing palm activated carbon with blast furnace slag, and the adsorption performance of radon tends to increase as the replacement rate of palm activated carbon increases.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권E호
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• pp.397-400
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• 1993

The possible air pollution problems in a proposed underground highway are discussed using carbon monoxide (CO) as an indicator. Carbon monoxide concentrations in the underground highway depend on several factors, including the size of tunnel, the number of automobiles, the CO emission rate, and the tunnel ventilation rate. Using the estimated values, CO concentrations in the underground highway can be predicted. Without proper ventilation system, CO concentration in the underground highway can be dangerous level. However, the cost of operating the mandatory mechanical ventilation system may be tremendouslyy high and may be technically unrealistic to implement. If the underground highway is constructed with proper ventilation system, a continuous air pollution monitoring system with alarming function must be installed to alert personnel of serious air pollution built up in the underground highway. Traffic must be restricted, whenever the inside air pollution levels exceed agreed values. Short distances between evacuation exits are necessary for emergency situations or malfunction of ventilation system.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2022

Horizontal root fracture (HRF) is a result of trauma to teeth and periodontium, which implies severe injury to cementum, dentin, and pulp. This is a rare case of HRF in the maxillary lateral incisor of a 62-year-old male who only presented persistent gingival swelling, fistula, and dull pain at first. An apical radiolucency of unknown origin turned out to be a result of hidden HRF at the coronal third level that was later visualized radiographically during endodontic treatment. The tooth was scheduled to be extracted upon the patient's agreement. The purpose of this report is to alert clinicians about the importance of diagnosing HRF through thorough clinical and radiographic examinations. Where there is persistent fistula without proper cause, HRF should be considered as a causative factor, and the diagnosis could be effective with aid of cone beam computed tomography, electronic root apex locator, as well as other clinical signs.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제79권2호
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• pp.70-73
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• 2016

In late March of 2009, an outbreak of influenza in Mexico, was eventually identified as H1N1 influenza A. In June 2009, the World Health Organization raised a pandemic alert to the highest level. More than 214 countries have reported confirmed cases of pandemic H1N1 influenza A. In Korea, the first case of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 infection was reported on May 2, 2009. Between May 2009 and August 2010, 750,000 cases of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 were confirmed by laboratory test. The H1N1-related death toll was estimated to reach 252 individuals. Almost one billion cases of influenza occurs globally every year, resulting in 300,000 to 500,000 deaths. Influenza vaccination induces virus-neutralizing antibodies, mainly against hemagglutinin, which provide protection from invading virus. New quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine generates similar immune responses against the three influenza strains contained in two types of trivalent vaccines and superior responses against the additional B strain.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1989

An automatic lung nodule detection algorithm was applied for digital radiographic images using Bit Slice Processor. In this algorithm, signal enhancing filtering and signal suppressing filtering were performed on the given digital chest image, respectively. Then we grit the dirt- frrence image from these filtered images, and hi-level island images were obtained by applying various threshold values. From the island images, we decided the suspicious nodules using size and circularity test, and marked them to alert radiologists. The performance of the atgorithm was analyzed with respect to the size, contrast and position of digitally synthesized nodules. This method presented 45.8% of true positive ratio for the nodules of lOw in diameter with 12-16 pixel value differnces.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제70권4호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2011

After an outbreak of H1N1 influenza A virus infection in Mexico in late March 2009, the World Health Organization raised its pandemic alert level to phase 6, and to the highest level in June 2009. The pandemic H1N1/A influenza was caused by an H1N1 influenza A virus that represents a quadruple reassortment of two swine strains, one human strain, and one avian strain of influenza. After the first case report of H1N1/A infection in early May 2009, South Korea was overwhelmed by this new kind of influenza H1N1/A pandemic, which resulted in a total of 700,000 formally reported cases and 252 deaths. In this article, clinical characteristics of victims of H1N1/A influenza infection, especially those who developed pneumonia and those who were cared for in the intensive care unit, are described. In addition, guidelines for the treatment of H1N1/A influenza virus infection victims in the ICU, which was suggested by the Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine, are introduced.