• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to suggest the projected manpower of oncology nurses & Advanced oncology certified nurses needed in the future. Method: Need models, ratio models and expert opinion were used for projecting the number of oncology nurses & Advanced oncology certified nurses. Resul: 1. The demand for the oncology nurses was estimated 6,043 in the year 2003, 6,548 in the year 2005, and 4,556 in the year 2010. 2. The demand range of the advanced oncology certified nurses centering on the number of hospitalized patients were estimated 358-538 in the year 2003, 388-583 in the year 2005, and 448-672 in the year 2010. 3. The demand range of the middle and long term advanced oncology certified nurses centering on the number of sickbed were estimated 507-787 in the year 2005, 523-810 in the year 2010, and 540-837 in the year 2020. 4. The demand range of the advanced oncology certified nurses centering on the number of organizations were estimated 374 in the year 2003, 399 in the year 2005, 410 in the year 2010. 5. The total demand range, concerning the numbers of hospitalized patients, hospital bed, and organizations are estimated 358-538 in the year 2003, 388-787 in the year 2005, 428-840 in the year 2010, and 540-837 in the year 2020. 6. In the demand of developed country's level oncology nurses are OCN's level 1,495, AOCN's level 102 in the year 2003, OCN's level 1,613, AOCN's level 111 in the year 2005, OCN's level 1,879, AOCN's level 128 in the year 2010 in case of the United States, and in case of Canada, 765 in the year 2003, 826 in the year 2005, and 956 in the year 2010.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2022

Background: Depression is a common disease around the world. Many studies are showing that mental health can be improved through physical activity, and daily regular exercise can reduce the negative effects of depression or depressive symptoms. In order to promote individual physical activity, a physical activity-friendly environment must precede. Therefore, this study attempted to confirm whether the number of sports facilities for all affects individual depression. Methods: Among the respondents to the 2018 Community Health Survey, data from 181,086 people excluding missing value were used. Descriptive and chi-square tests were performed to understanding the general characteristics of individual level variables. A multilevel logistic regression was conducted to confirm the effect of individual and regional level variables on depressive symptoms. Results: As a result of confirming the effect of individual characteristics on depressive symptoms, it was confirmed that both socioeconomic and health behavior factors had an effect. Similar results were shown in a model that considered regional level variables, and in the case of the number of sports facilities per population, people who belongs to smaller areas were more likely to have depressive symptoms (odds ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-0.99). Conclusion: As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that both individual level and regional level variables had a significant effect on depressive symptoms. This suggests that not only individual level approaches but also regional level approaches are needed to improve individual depressive symptoms In particular, it may be possible to consider to increase the number of sports facilities in areas where the prevalence of depressive symptoms is high and the number of sports facilities is insufficient.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.1667-1671
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• 2015

Multi-level holographic data storage is a candidate for the next generation data storage system, since it can store more than one bit per pixel. It is possible to increase the number of codewords if the number of levels is increased, and the code with an appropriate selection of codewords can also increase the minimum distance. In this paper, we propose three multi-level modulation codes of the code rate 1 bit/pixel and compare the performance according to the minimum distance. The result shows that the code with small number of levels is better than that of large number of levels because it is hard to detect threshold value.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.265-276
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• 2005

ELECTRE IS requires the decision maker (DM) to specify several parameters such as weights, pseudo-criteria thresholds and the concordance level. Among these parameters, the concordance level has a significant effect on the outranking relation. And the number of alternatives selected may be sensitive to the value of these parameters. Therefore the DM may have to perform many iterations to obtain the desired number of alternatives in the kernel set. In this study, we developed a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model to elicit the concordance level and thereby to choose the desired number of alternatives in the kernel set. The MIP model can be applied in the interactive process so that the pseudo-criteria thresholds are adjusted according to the results of MIP model. Using the MIP model in the interactive process, we can reduce the number of iterations needed to perform ELECTRE IS.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.376-380
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• 2010

This paper presents a circuit configuration of multilevel inverter to increase the number of output voltage levels by using conventional 5-level inverters connected in series. Most of all it can maximize the number of output voltage levels by employing input voltage sources, which have the power of five. When it synthesizes the same number of output voltage levels, the proposed inverter can save the number of switching devices compared with the conventional cascaded H-bridge cell inverter. So it can reduce the size, cost, power consumption of the system. We implemented computer-aided simulation and experiments for a 25-level inverter employing two 5-level inverters.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.376-379
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• 1997

The peripheral neutrophil recovery test was conducted to determine the efficacy of CJ-50001, a drug developed in Cheil Jedang R&D center as a recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rG-CSF). Grasin was used as control drug. CJ-50001 and Gratin were subcutaneously administered to ${\gamma}$-ray irradiated mice for 21 days at a dose of 10$\mu$g/kg after bone marrow transplantation and the recovery of neutrophil number was examined on the days of 9, 13, 17, and 21 after the drug administration. It was observed that the peripheral neutrophil number of the vehicle control group was recovered to the normal level on the day of 13 after the transplantation whereas the group administered with CJ-50001 and Grasin respectively, showed the normal level of peripheral neutrophil number on 9th day after the bone marrow transplantation. The number of peripheral neutrophils reached the highest level on the 21 st day of drug administration, and was recovered to the normal level on the 4th day after ceasing of the drug administration (on the 25th day of the transplantation). Thus, it was presumed that CJ-50001 showed efficacy similar to Grasin on the peripheral neutrophil recovery after bone marrow transplantation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.448-452
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• 2002

We report the number of calibration and test for acoustic field which were conducted in KRISS between the year of 1990 and 2001. The items contain sound level meter and calibrator for calibration and sound absorption coefficient, transmission loss, sound pressure level of siren, sound pressure level and power of acoustic instrument and relative accessories for test. The data show that the number of them have been increased continuously.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.293-303
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• 2022

In construction work, it can be difficult to know the exact number of full-time workers, so the accident rate is calculated using the approximate number of full-time workers. In addition, as the accident rate calculation is performed based on the assumption that the number of accidents is proportional to the approximate number of workers, the reliability of the calculation result may be questionable. This study proposed a new indicator for accident level based on the progress payment and the number of injuries. The accident-progress ratio, which can be calculated by simply dividing the number of injuries by progress payment, can replace the existing accident rate index or be used as an auxiliary indicator of the accident level. The correlation coefficient between the number of injuries and the progress payment was higher than that between the number of injuries and the number of construction workers. In addition, over the past 10 years, the accident rate has been increasing, whereas the accident-progress ratio has showed a decreasing tendency. This might leave room for different interpretations of the annual variation in the accident level in the construction industry.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.193-221
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• 2007

This study explored the efficient hierarchical data structure of mobile interfaces. The first experiment demonstrated the effects of grouping(clear/unclear), depth level(2/3/5), and the number of items(32/64/128) on the search time and the number of errors. The results indicated that participants spent less time and made fewer errors to perform the task when the clear mobile interfaces, low depth level, and fewer items were provided. In addition, the results indicated that there were no effects of the depth level and the number of items on the search time and number of errors in clear mobile interfaces conditions. As depth level and the number of items changed, on the other hand, participants spent longer time to complete the task and made more mistakes in unclear mobile interfaces conditions. The second experiment investigated the effects of grouping(clear/unclear), the number of items(32/64/128), and spacial cues(colors/ windows/ number of cues) on search time and the number of errors in hierarchical data structures which had five depth levels. The results indicated that participants spent less time to complete the task and made less errors in a mobile interface when grouping is clear and the number of items are fewer. The results were identical with the first experiments. In addition, the main effect of spacial cues indicated that providing spacial cues via pictures and numbers can be helpful to reduce errors in search behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.153-174
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to examine the leisure activities of housewives, to identify the factors that influence leisure activities, and to explore the factors contribute to their life satisfaction. So, this study analyses the effects of econo-demographic and socio-cultural variables and of leisure constraint factors on the leisure activities of housewives. And it deals with how these variables and the leisure activities influence life satisfaction of housewives. For these puoposes, 508 housewives residing in Seoul & Daegu were selected for interviews. For data analysis such statistical methods as ANOVA, t-test, Pearson's correlation, adn Multiple Regression Analysis can be summarised. The main findings of the research are as follows: 1. Leisure acivities are classified in Self-developmental, Home-oriented, Time-consuming, Social and Children-concerned types by the technique of factor analysis. The average particiation level was high in Time-consuming type, but low in Self-developmental type. 2. The participation level of leisure activities shows significant differences by selected variables: The Self-developmental type shows significant differences by housewife's education level, income, husband's occupation, role orientation, home management type and leisure constraints. And Children-concerned type was differed to number of family nember, number of children, age of housewife and age of housewife and age of the youngst child. 3. The preference level of leisure activities differ by housewife's education level, income, husband's occupation, home management type and leisure constraints in the Self-developmental and the Social type. And the preference level of Home-oriented leisure activities was high in the middle class of income and husband's occupation. 4. The preference and participation level of leisure activities show differences. And the variables affecting the differences were housewife's age, education level, home management type, role orientation, leisure constraint factors in the Self-developmental type, and were demographic variables such as number of family member, housewife's age in the Home-oriented type. 5. The variables which affected the level of life satisfaction independently were leisure space, income, the participation level of the Self-developmental and the Social type and the preference level of the Self-developmental type.