• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.841-844
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• 1998

Korean Text to Sign Language Traslator could be applied to learn letters for both the deaf and hard-of-hearing people, and to have a conversation with normal people. This paper describes some useful dictionaries for developing korean text to sign language translator; Base sign language dictionary, Compound sign language dictionary, and Resemble sign language dictionary. As korean sign language is composed entirely of about 6,000 words, the additional dictionaries are required for matching them to korean written language. We design base sign language dictionary which was composed of basic symbols and moving picture of korean sign language, and propose the definition of compound isng language dictionary which was composed of symbols of base sing language. In addition, resemble sign language dictionary offer sign symbols and letters which is used same meaning in conversation. By using these methods, we could search quickly sign language during korean text to sign language translating process, and save storage space. We could also solve the lack of sign language words by using them, which are appeared on translating process.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.530-544
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• 2022

Based on a follow-up study on critical fashion's strategies for object appropriation, this study aims to understand the appropriation of art as a social or cultural phenomenon influencing modern fashion, as well as to analyze and comprehend how to specifically approach the appropriation of critical fashion's letters through the appropriated interpretation. To explain the theoretical background of critical fashion's appropriated interpretation, it examined the related literature and data. Moreover, a fashion book-based literature review and a case study were conducted using sources, such as exhibition books, exhibited works, news, fashion magazines, and fashion sites, to examine letter appropriation strategies. In the critical fashion, the appropriation of subversive letters subverts meanings by providing experiences different from those based on real images of letters, which are displaceable. The appropriation of such subversive letters to challenge the value of modernism aims to subvert social value by bringing and relocating existing objects while focusing on their external forms. The appropriation of referential letters focuses on delineating the distance between the subjects who quote something and the quoted something and reprograms the existing letter objects with an introspective and reflective attitude. In other words, critical fashion designers can effectively express their messages through the appropriation of letters, such as graffiti and typography, which are manifestations of challenge or resistance. Appropriating letters as a creative action pursues unmarginalized humans who possess their existence.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.51-73
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• 2001

This study starts with an investigation of the frequency of allophones from the narrowly transcribed data of (1) most frequently used 2000 words and (2) some passages of standard Seoul Korean. Consequently this entails the investigation of the frequency of phonemes by adding the number of allophones. These two investigations are conducted for the first time in the study of Korean phonology. Previous studies on the reported 'frequency of phoneme' are in fact studies on the 'frequency of letters' and the critical difference between these two types of studies has yet to be clarified accurately. This paper also reveals the proportional distribution of natural classes among Korean phonemes and letters.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-23
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze words and phrases which are frequently used in newsletters from Korean elementary schools. In order to achieve this goal, high frequent words from school newsletters were selected and classified into content and function words, and the domains of the words were looked up. For this study 1,000 school newsletters were collected in the areas of Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongnam. In terms of parts of speech, nouns, especially common nouns, most frequently appeared in the school newsletters followed by verbs and adjectives. This result shows that for immigrant women who have basic knowledge on Korean language, it is useful to give translated words to get the message of school letters. Furthermore, school related terms such as facilities, regulations and activities of school and Chinese-based vocabularies are found in school newsletters. In case of verbs, the words which contain the meaning of requests and suggestions are used the most. Adjectives which are related to positive value and evaluation, and describing weather and season is frequently used as well.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.35-47
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of Chinese high and level vs. rising tone on the pitch pattern of corresponding Sino-Korean words delivered by Chinese learners of Korean and to examine the aspects how these two tones of corresponding Chinese words affect the pitch patterns of Sino-Korean words. Scope of this research is limited to the Chinese learners of Korean, especially when they pronounce same-form-same-meaning Sino-Korean words. In this study, Chinese learners pronounced both Chinese words and corresponding Sino-Korean words. By using the software learners' pitch pattern were recorded, analyzed, and compared with the tone of corresponding Chinese words. Experimental results showed that Sino-Korean words were affected by Chinese 'high and level tone - high and level tone', 'high and level tone - rising tone', 'high and level tone - falling-rising tone', 'high and level tone - falling tone' and 'rising tone - falling tone' when they started with lenis sounds. On the other hand when Sino-Korean words started with aspirated sounds they were affected by Chinese 'rising tone - high and level tone', 'rising tone - rising tone', 'rising tone - falling-rising tone', 'rising tone - falling tone'. In conclusion, the Chinese learners' pitch patterns of Sino-Korean words are affected by both Chinese high and level & rising tone, especially when Sino-Korean words started with lenis sounds they were more affected by Chinese high and level tone, on the other hand Chinese rising tone influence Sino-Korean words more when they were started with aspirated sounds.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.43
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• pp.381-403
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• 2021

Cheonsubara Dance is one of the most important ceremonies in Buddhist rituals. This paper is a study on principles of Cheonsubara Dance in Yeongnam. This also distinguishes the Cheonsubara Dance performed for about 7 minutes with no patterns according to 'The Great Dharani of Spiritually Sublime Phrases' by dance words, and analizes its combinations and principles. Cheonsubara Dance in Yeongnam consists of 7 dance words(Greeting, Carrying, Carrying with 180° rotation, Bara-Garugi, Bara-Garugi with both hands, rotate once, Bara-chigi), and put together according to the number of letters from 'The Great Dharani of Spiritually Sublime Phrases'. Usually, the principles can be seen through 4 types of changes from the dance: 1) When letters of 'The Great Dharani of Spiritually Sublime Phrases' appear consecutively with the same number of characters, 2) When a two-letter word turns into a three-letter word, 3) When the opposite of 2) occurs, 4) When 2~3 letter words change in a row.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.3 s.87
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• pp.151-168
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship of kindergarteners' alphabet knowledge to their ability to read words, in connection with the features of the Korean alphabet 'Hangul'. A total of 289 children aged four to six from three kindergartens in Busan participated in the study. The main results are as follows. To begin with, the participants showed continuous development in the knowledge of consonant names, vowel sounds, the vowel stroke-adding principle, and the alphabet composition principle. Meanwhile, discontinuous development was found in the knowledge of consonant sounds and the consonant stroke-adding principle, which indicated that kindergartners could show differential speed in various sub-skills of literacy development. The kindergartners' naming of consonants developed before their recall of consonant sounds, and the knowledge of consonant sounds had an effect on the knowledge of vowel sounds. Children had difficulty in treating more complicated letters of the alphabet stroke-adding principle test, and eve syllables of the alphabet composition principle test. Most importantly, the children's alphabet knowledge was strongly related to their ability to read words written in Hangul, as kindergarteners with a greater knowledge of alphabet names, sounds, and principles were shown to read words better.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.8-19
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• 1969

This paper attempts to analyize struture of the Letters for the Purpose of makin grecognition of Han-Gelul printed and described the method of recogniton and design of the optimum system. For the reason of the Consistency of Han-Geul (korean letters) combined with Consonants and vouels, the number of the words used in the daily living is about 2,000words. for this reason the composition of the recognition system is complicated, and therfore, this paper is pursued to recearch to handle the separate way ineach form of Letter between consonant and vouel. and the further description of this paper also indicates us the many parts of savings of elements when the character is extracted as logic system in letter composition.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.700-705
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• 2014

An anagram is a form of word play to find a new word from a set of given alphabet letters. Good human anagram solvers use the strategy of bigrams. They explore a constraint satisfaction network in parallel and answers consequently pop out quickly. In this paper, we propose a molecular computational algorithm using the same process as this. We encoded letters into DNA sequences and made bigrams and then words by connecting the letter sequences. From letters and bigrams, we performed DNA hybridization, ligation, gel electrophoresis and finally, extraction and separation to extract bigrams. From the matched bigrams and words, we performed the four molecular operations again to distinguish between right and wrong results. Experimental results show that our molecular computer can identify cor rect answers and incorrect answers. Our work shows a new possibility for modeling the cognitive and parallel thinking process of a human.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.75-94
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• 2021

The low birth rate and shortened military service period are causing concerns about selecting excellent military officers. The Republic of Korea entered a low birth rate society in 1984 and an aged society in 2018 respectively, and is expected to be in a super-aged society in 2025. In addition, the troop-oriented military is changed as a state-of-the-art weapons-oriented military, and the reduction of the military service period was implemented in 2018 to ease the burden of military service for young people and play a role in the society early. Some observe that the application rate for military officers is falling due to a decrease of manpower resources and a preference for shortened mandatory military service over military officers. This requires further consideration of the policy of securing excellent military officers. Most of the related studies have used social scientists' methodologies, but this study applies the methodology of text mining suitable for large-scale documents analysis. This study extracts words of discriminative characteristics from the Republic of Korea Air Force Non-Commissioned Officer Applicant cover letters and analyzes the polarity of pass and fail. It consists of three steps in total. First, the application is divided into general and technical fields, and the words characterized in the cover letter are ordered according to the difference in the frequency ratio of each field. The greater the difference in the proportion of each application field, the field character is defined as 'more discriminative'. Based on this, we extract the top 50 words representing discriminative characteristics in general fields and the top 50 words representing discriminative characteristics in technology fields. Second, the number of appropriate topics in the overall cover letter is calculated through the LDA. It uses perplexity score and coherence score. Based on the appropriate number of topics, we then use LDA to generate topic and probability, and estimate which topic words of discriminative characteristic belong to. Subsequently, the keyword indicators of questions used to set the labeling candidate index, and the most appropriate index indicator is set as the label for the topic when considering the topic-specific word distribution. Third, using L-LDA, which sets the cover letter and label as pass and fail, we generate topics and probabilities for each field of pass and fail labels. Furthermore, we extract only words of discriminative characteristics that give labeled topics among generated topics and probabilities by pass and fail labels. Next, we extract the difference between the probability on the pass label and the probability on the fail label by word of the labeled discriminative characteristic. A positive figure can be seen as having the polarity of pass, and a negative figure can be seen as having the polarity of fail. This study is the first research to reflect the characteristics of cover letters of Republic of Korea Air Force non-commissioned officer applicants, not in the private sector. Moreover, these methodologies can apply text mining techniques for multiple documents, rather survey or interview methods, to reduce analysis time and increase reliability for the entire population. For this reason, the methodology proposed in the study is also applicable to other forms of multiple documents in the field of military personnel. This study shows that L-LDA is more suitable than LDA to extract discriminative characteristics of Republic of Korea Air Force Noncommissioned cover letters. Furthermore, this study proposes a methodology that uses a combination of LDA and L-LDA. Therefore, through the analysis of the results of the acquisition of non-commissioned Republic of Korea Air Force officers, we would like to provide information available for acquisition and promotional policies and propose a methodology available for research in the field of military manpower acquisition.