• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2016

귀리 종자에 감마선을 조사한 후 발아율과 생존율 및 초기 생장 특성을 조사하여 돌연변이 유도를 위한 적정 방사선량을 구명하고, DNA 손상 정도를 평가 하였다. 연구의 결과, 발아율은 500 Gy 이상의 선량에서 급격히 감소하였고, 단순회귀분석으로 평가한 LD50 선량은 392 Gy였다. 감마선 조사 30일 후 초장, 생체중, 근장, 분얼수를 조사한 결과 대조구와 100∼200 Gy 처리구간 차이가 없었으며, RD₅₀ 선량은 초장과 생체중은 411 Gy로 동일하였고, 근장 403 Gy, 분얼수 394 Gy였다. LD₅₀과 RD₅₀ 선량을 바탕으로 결정한 귀리의 적정 조사선량은 300~400 Gy였다. Comet assay로 DNA 손상 정도를 측정한 결과, 파종 7일 후에는 모든 감마선 처리구가 대조구와 비교하여 DNA 손상이 크게 나타났으며, 파종 30일 후에는 300 Gy 이상의 처리구에서 대조구보다 유의성 있는 DNA 손상이 관찰되어 생육형질과 동일한 경향이었다. 선량과 생장, 코멧분석 결과간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 머리의 비율을 제외한 다른 조사 항목에서 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. M₂ 세대의 생육특성은 400 Gy 이상에서 생육이 감소하였고, 돌연변이 양상은 주로 고선량에서 단간, 불임이었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1145-1153
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• 2009

The object of this study was to obtain acute information single oral dose toxicity of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, with mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test for detecting possible genotoxicity. In order to observe the 50% lethal dose, approximate lethal dosage, maximum tolerance dosage and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 50 mg/kg according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines. The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing according to KFDA Guidelines with organ weights of 12 types of principle organs. In addition, after twice oral treatment of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts 2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg, we checked the changes on the number of MNPCE. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs, changes in the body weight and gross findings upto 2000 mg/kg treated group. The limited dosages in rodents except for increases of lymphoid organ weights and hypertrophy encounted as results from pharmacological effects of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, immune modulator effects with some sporadic accidental findings not toxicological signs. No evidence of increases of MNPCE numbers were also detected in all three different dosages of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts treated mice. The results obtained in this study suggest that the LD50 and ALD of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts in mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected upto 2000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. And the results of mouse bone marrow micronucleus test of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts is negative results.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.124-133
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• 2010

The object of this study was to obtain acute information single oral dose toxicity of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, with mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test for detecting possible genotoxicity. In order to observe the 50% lethal dose, approximate lethal dosage, maximum tolerance dosage and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 50 mg/kg according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines. The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing according to KFDA Guidelines with organ weights of 12 types of principle organs. In addition, after twice oral treatment of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts 2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg, we checked the changes on the number of MNPCE. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs, changes in the body weight and gross findings upto 2000 mg/kg treated group. The limited dosages in rodents except for increases of lymphoid organ weights and hypertrophy encounted as results from pharmacological effects of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, immune modulator effects with some sporadic accidental findings not toxicological signs. No evidence of increases of MNPCE numbers were also detected in all three different dosages of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts treated mice. The results obtained in this study suggest that the LD50 and ALD of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts in mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected upto 2000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. And the results of mouse bone marrow micronucleus test of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts is negative results.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.473-483
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• 2021

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the potential toxicity of 2-butoxyethanol after intratracheal instillation in male rats. Methods: In order to calculate median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of 2-butoxyethanol using Probit analysis with SAS program, the 2-butoxyethanol was administered with dose levels of 0, 101.64, 203.28 and 406.56 mg/kg by once intratracheal instillation to male rats. During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, organ weights, hematology, and serum biochemistry were examined. At the end of 14 days observation period, all animals were sacrificed and gross finding and histopathological examination were performed. Results: All animals of 406.56 mg/kg group died within 2 weeks after the administration of 2-butoxyethanol. Treatment-related clinical signs, gross observation and histopathological changes (mucous cell hyperplasia, alveolar macrophage aggregation, and hemorrhage) of lung exhibited an increased in 2-butoxyethanol treated groups in a dose dependent manner. However, there were no changes in the organ weights, hematology and serum biochemistry, and histopathology of any other organ except lung. Conclusions: On the basis of the results, it was concluded that a single intratracheal instillation of 2-butoxyethanol in male Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in some adverse effects on mortality, clinical sign, and histopathology in the lung. In the experimental conditions, the LD₅₀ of 2-butoxyethanol was considered to be 287.2 mg/kg and lung was founded to be the target organ of 2-butoxyethanol.

• 화훼연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2011

창포는 한국에 자생하는 수생식물로 약용뿐만 아니라 phytoremediation과 수질정화 식물로도 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 창포의 기내 식물체에 다양한 선량(20-500 Gy)의 감마선을 조사하여, 방사선의 효과 및 감수성을 확인하기 위해 2달후 생존율, 신초형성율 및 생장율을 측정하였다. 생존율과 신초형성율은 감마선 선량이 증가할수록 현저하게 감소하였다. 기내에서 저선량을 조사한 식물체의 생장율은 대조구에 비해 오히려 증가하였으나, 250 Gy 이상에서는 생장이 멈추거나 유의하게 감소하였으며, 반치사선량($LD_{50}$)은 240 Gy로 다른 식물종의 $LD_{50}$보다 훨씬 높은 선량이었다. 창포에서 저선량을 조사하였을 때 생장율이 증가하는 방사선호메시스(radiation hormesis) 효과를 확인하였다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.796-801
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• 2010

이 연구는 감마선 처리에 의한 장미($Rosa$ $hybrida$ Hort.) 신품종을 개발하기 위한 효과적인 방법을 개발하고 돌연변이 발생 형태를 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 장미 스피델라와 커버넷 두 품종에 감마선($^{60}Co$ 선원)을 선량별(0, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150, 170Gy)로 조사하여 돌연변이 유기에 적정한 선량과 변이의 발생 양상을 구명하였다. 약 50% 식물체가 고사하는 반치사($LD_{50}$) 선량은 품종에 따라 차이가 있었는데 '스피델라'는 110Gy에서, '커버넷'은 150Gy이었다. 식물체의 50% 신초길이 감소 선량은 '스피델라'에서 70Gy 선량 정도 이었는데 비해 '커버넷'에서는 110Gy 선량에서 나타났다. 분홍색의 '스피델라'와 적색의 '커버넷'에 30-170Gy 선량의 감마선을 처리하여 다양한 색의 완전변이, 키메라, 모자익 꽃잎을 가진 변이체를 유기할 수 있었다. '스피델라' 에서 흰색, 상아색, 분홍색을 띤 상아색, 옅은 분홍색 그리고 진분홍색의 꽃잎을 가진 변이가 출현하였고, '커버넷'에서 분홍색, 진분홍색, 자홍색, 주황색, 그리고 진한 자색의 꽃잎을 가진 변이가 발생하였다. 돌연변이 유기를 위해서 식물체 생존율, 신초생장, 돌연변이 발생률을 고려할 때 '스피델라'는 70-90Gy, '커버넷'은 90-110Gy의 선량 처리가 적당하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2018

Inducing genetic and morphological variation through conventional method is very difficult. Therefore, mutation induction through in vitro technology brings numerous advantages over the conventional breeding. Thus, the individual shoots (1 ~ 2 cm) were irradiated with gamma rays (10 ~ 70 Gy). The result revealed that the explants treated with higher doses (40, 50, 60, and 70 Gy) showed deleterious effects of ionizing radiation. The highest survival rate among ${\gamma}$ treated explants recorded was 71% in 10 Gy treatments while the lowest survivality was 15% in 70 Gy. Lethal dose 50% ($LD_{50}$) dose was found to be 33 Gy. In the in vitro condition, rooting reponse showed that increase in gamma irradiation dose resulted in the inhibition of root growth. Meanwhile, non-treated explants had the best rooting ability with the maximum number of root per explant (20) within a short period of time (6 days), with the highest root length of (15.1 cm). The longer period in rooting (12 days) and lowest number of root per explant (8) with shortest root length (10.1 cm) were recorded at 30 Gy treatment. The highest shoot length (13.6 cm) was observed at control treatment and the shortest shoot length (10.4 cm) was observed at 30 Gy. In the nursery, lowest leaf number (5) was observed at 30 Gy compared with other treatments. The highest chlorophyll content (49.8) was recorded at 10 Gy treated seedling. Irradiated explants with 10 Gy found to be superior over the control treatment and had positive effects in main growth parameters such as chlorophyll content.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2022

The authors are making a prototype flexible board of a radio-frequency transmitter for measuring an electromyogram (EMG) of a flying moth and plan to apply for an experimental station license from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan in the summer of 2022. The goal is to create a continuous low-dose exposure standard that incorporates scientific and physiological functional assessments to replace the current standard based on lethal dose 50. This paper describes the technical evaluation of the hardware. The signal of a bipolar EMG electrode is amplified by an operational amplifier. This potential is added to a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator (27 MHz, bandwidth: 4 kHz), frequency-converted, and transmitted from an antenna about 10 cm long (diameter: 0.03 mm). The power source is a 1.55-V wristwatch battery that has a total weight of about 0.3 g (one dry battery and analog circuit) and an expected operating time of 20 minutes. The output power is -7 dBm and the effective isotropic radiated power is -40 dBm. The signal is received by a dual-whip antenna (2.15 dBi) at a distance of about 100 m from the moth. The link margin of the communication circuit is above 30 dB within 100 m. The concepts of this hardware and the measurement data are presented in this paper. This will be the first biological data transmission from a moth with an official license. In future, this telemetry system will improve the detection of physiological abnormalities of moths.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.127-138
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• 2019

Objectives : This study was carried out in order to toxicity and safety of Drosera Rotundifolia L. pharmacopuncture in BALB/c mice. Methods : In order to investigate toxicity and safety of Drosera Rotundifolia L. pharmacopuncture, BALB/c mice were chosen in these studies and injected to ST36. In 50% Lethal Dose (LD 50) study, mice were divided into 8 groups. Doses of pharmacopuncture at 300, 600, 1,200, 2,400, 3,600, 4,800, 6,000, 7,200 mg/kg were given to the each group. we observed mortality and toxic signs for 7 days after injection. In single-dose toxicity, mice were divided into 4 groups. Doses of pharmacopuncture, 300, 600, 1,200 mg/kg, were administered to the experimental group. And a dose of normal saline, 0.2 ml was administered to the control group. We observed mortality and toxic signs for 14 days after injection. In repeated-dose toxicity for 4 weeks, mice were divided in 4 groups. Doses of pharmacopuncture, 150, 300, 600 mg/kg, were administered to the experimental group. And a dose of normal saline, 0.2 ml, was administered to the control group. We observed mortality, toxic signs, body weight, hematological values et al. Results : The LD 50 of Drosera Rotundifolia L. pharmacopuncture was 4,800 mg/kg. In single-dose toxicity, no deaths, no toxic signs occurred in any of groups. In repeated-dose toxicity for 4 weeks, no deaths, no toxic signs occurred in any of groups. Conclusions : No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of Drosera Rotundifolia L. pharmacopuncture injection for 4 weeks was more than 600 mg/kg.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.599-609
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the single oral dose toxicity and safety of Bojungikgi-tang (Buzhongyiqi-tang) and fermented Bojungikgi-tang (Buzhongyiqi-tang) extracts in male and female ICR mice. Methods : In the single oral dose toxicity study, non-fermented and fermented Bojungikgi-tang (Buzhongyiqi-tang) were administered to male and female ICR mice as an oral dose of 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg. Changes of body weights, general behaviors, adverse effects and mortality were determined throughout the experimental period. Hematological parameters, serum chemistry, organ weights and necropsy findings were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Results : There was no mortality or sign of toxicity in the single oral dose toxicity study. There were also no significant differences in body weights, organ weights, and hematological parameters, serum chemistry values between treatment and control groups. Conclusions : The results obtained in this study suggest that the 50% lethal dose of fermented Bojungikgi-tang (Buzhongyiqi -tang) in both female and male mice can be considered as well over 5,000 mg/kg, so these medicines can be safe in clinics.