• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.981-999
• /
• 2017

In the standard control chart assuming a simple random model, we estimate the process variance without considering the between-sample variance. If the between-sample exists in the process, the process variance is under-estimated. When the process variance is under-estimated, the narrower control limits result in the excessive false alarm rate although the sensitivity of the control chart is improved. In this paper, using the variance component model to incorporate the between-sample variance, we set the control limits using both the within- and between-sample variances, and evaluate the efficiency of the control chart in terms of the average run length (ARL). Considering the most widely used control chart types such as ${\bar{X}}$, EWMA and CUSUM control charts, we compared the differences between two cases, Case I and Case II, where the between-sample variance is ignored and considered, respectively. We also considered the two cases when the process parameters are given and estimated. The results showed that the false alarm rate of Case I increased sharply as the between-sample variance increases, while that of Case II remains the same regardless of the size of the between-sample variance, as expected.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.101-111
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of visual image on variations in the length and princess line, in a silhouette of a one-piece dress with the application of the 3D Virtual Clothing System known as i-designer. Eight sample were examined: 2 variations of the length and 2 variations of the princess line, 2 variations of the form of a silhouette. The data was obtained from 66 fashion design majors. The data was assessed by a t-test and a multi-way ANOVA and factor analysis. The results were as follows; The visual image according to the design variables, four factors were selected; the attractiveness factor, the activeness factor, the practicality factor, the elegance factor. In these factors, the attractiveness factor is estimated by the most important factor. As a result of analyzing the effect of the interaction in the visual image according to the design variables, the influence of the main effect was found to be great in each factor. In the activeness factor, a significant difference was noted in the two-way interaction between the length and the princess line, the length and the silhouette. In the elegance factor, a significant difference was noted in the two-way interaction between the length and the silhouette. However, the influence on three-way interaction among the length, the princess line, and the silhouette was not significant.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.296-299
• /
• 2013

A low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol testing device, structured with serial reflected face-to-face mirror (SRM) allowing spectrophotometry measurements, is presented. The spectrophotometry has been employed to measure the amount of light that a sample absorbs, but it generally should have had path length longer than 10 mm to secure enough sensitivity. Such requirement of path length has often been problematic in implementing a thin type of lab on a disc (LOD). We developed the SRM system which was implemented in a detection chamber with 1.4mm thickness, providing path length longer than 10mm, and thus straightforwardly being applicable to LOD as thin as a compact disc. The experimental results show that the SRM system gives not only a much thinner design compared to the conventional spectrophotometry-based LOD but also a comparable performance to already commercialized spectrometers.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.34-41
• /
• 1990

The energy parameter is widely used in pre-processing of speech signals, because it represent the phoneme characteristics of well But, the energy parameter is affected by the window length during the extracting. Thus, in this paper, the window length effects are studied in detail, and we proposed a new energy extraction algorithm that reduces the length effects. The energy contours with this algorithm are well representing for the characteristics of speech phonemes. And the computations to implement the algorithm are only required one subtraction, one addition, and two comparison aperation per speech sample.

• Research in Mathematical Education
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.261-282
• /
• 2019

The research related to testing pupils' achievement in the field of Measurement and Measure in initial teaching of geometry points to an insufficient adoption of the basic components of the length measurement concept among pupils. In order to discover the cause, we looked at the basic components on which the procedure of measuring length using a ruler is based, highlighted the possibilities of introducing the procedure in measuring length, and determined pupils' achievement during the procedure of measuring length using a ruler. The research sample consisted of 145 pupils, out of which 72 were the 2^nd grade pupils and 73 were the 4^th grade pupils. A descriptive method was applied in the research. The technique we used was testing, and for the statistical data processing we used a χ² test. The results of the research show that, when drawing a straight line of a given length using a ruler, there is no statistical difference in achievement between the 2^nd and 4^th grade pupils, nor in the pupils' knowledge regarding drawing a ruler independently, while drawing a straight line of a given length using a "broken" ruler 4^th grade pupils are statistically better. The results of the research indicate that pupils' achievement is better in doing standard tasks than in non-standard ones, given that the latter require conceptual knowledge. The components of the concept of length measurement using ruler have not been sufficiently developed yet, and these include: zero-point, partitioning a measured object in a series of consecutive measurement units and their iteration. We shed more light on the critical stage in the procedure of length measurement - the transition from non-standard to standard units and the formation of the length measurement scale. For further research, we propose to look at the formation of the concept of length measurement using the ruler through all its components and their inclusion in the mathematics curriculum, as well as examining the correlation of pupils' achievement in the procedure of measuring length with their achievement in measuring area (and volume).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.31 no.5 s.164
• /
• pp.788-800
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to develop a caregiver's uniform that is appropriate for nursing and to improve movement adaptability as well as having a pleasing appearance. Based on the results of preliminary study, I investigated the inconvenience and problems with the existing uniforms and made a sample uniform taking into consideration the design, the material, and the pattern. We carried out a sensory assessment and quantitative assessment in order to compare the sample uniform with existing uniforms. Following are the results of this research. The top is a short-sleeved blouse with a round neckline having no collar and with armpit gussets. The armpit gussets are semicircles and the inverted pleats in the back are an improvement designed for activity. The pants are long reaching to the ankles with elastic in the waist so that the waist measurement may be adjusted. The length of the pants can be adjusted with strings and the pants have a funnel-shaped pocket for adjustment of length. We used a mix of polyurethane and polyester for the outer cloth of the uniform in order to improve activity function and used $Coolever^{TM}$, the sanitary textile that absorbs moisture well and dries in a short time, for gussets in the armpits, which is the heavy sweat area. The appearance assessment and movement adaptability assessment were performed with 5 subjects and 9 experts. For the results of the assessment, the sample uniform was appraised to be better than the existing uniforms in every item of an appearance comparison assessment except for the neckline assessment by the experts. As for the assessment of movement appropriateness and wearing assessment, the same subjects were used for analysis. As the results of the assessment, the sample uniform was rated higher than the existing uniforms in movement adaptability and pleasing appearance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 1981

Mung bean sprout has been grown for 96 hours by soaking mung bean in such eight test divisions as Gibberellin 5-50ppm solution, well-water, and so on. Study on the charge of vitamin C an reducing sugar during its growth can be summarized as follows. 1. During the growth of mung bean sprout, the length and weight in the sample treated with Gibberellin 20ppm are highest of all Gibberellin divisions. 2. When mung bean sprout has grown for 24 hours, its vitamin C content reaches maximum in each sample. 3. There is little dehydro asscorbic acid in each sample during the growth period of 24-96 hours. 4. During the period of growth, the content of vitamin C in the sample treated with Gibberellin 5ppm are highest of all. 5. When mung bean sprout has been grown enough for cooking, in 48 hours, the content of vitamin C in the sample treated with Gibberellin 10ppm is highest but a significant difference is not recognized. 6. After 24 hours growth, vitamin C decreases but reducing sugar increases.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.30 no.12 s.255
• /
• pp.1611-1617
• /
• 2006

A compact and two-dimensional atomic force microscope (AFM) using an orthogonal sample scanner, a calibrated homodyne laser interferometer and a commercial AFM head was developed for use in the nano-metrology field. The x and y position of the sample with respect to the tip are acquired by using the laser interferometer in the open-loop state, when each z data point of the AFM head is taken. The sample scanner which has a motion amplifying mechanism was designed to move a sample up to $100{\times}100{\mu}m^2$ in orthogonal way, which means less crosstalk between axes. Moreover, the rotational errors between axes are measured to ensure the accuracy of the calibrated AFM within the full scanning range. The conventional homodyne laser interferometer was used to measure the x and y displacements of the sample and compensated via an X-ray interferometer to reduce the nonlinearity of the optical interferometer. The repeatability of the calibrated AFM was measured to sub-nm within a few hundred nm scanning range.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.95-110
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this research is to analyze how appropriately the sizing of domestically produced children's wear compares to children's sizes; it is based on an anthropometric survey conducted in 1998. By discovering and understanding discrepancies between the sizing system of children s wear and the real size of children, this study aims to suggest solutions that will lead to increased comfort and more suitable fitting in children's clothes. This research analyzes and compares 'the extent of growth between age groups' with 'the difference in sizing system in use by manufacturers'. The study focused on aged 4 to 12 children, who are usually divided in two groups; primary students and toddlers. In total, seven sizes were selected: bust, waist, and hip (which are girth sizes), and height, back neck to waist (top length), sleeve length, and waist to ankle (slacks length) as representing length. The results of this research are analyzed by basing on the actual increments between the sizes of children's wear in certain basic items rather than sizes themselves because each size quite differed according to companies, items and designs. Significantly, the increase in the sizing was not as great as the average biennial growth rate of children. The consequences are poorer fit and unsuitable representative value for each age group because the actual sizes of children increasingly differ from the sample size. Observing the increments in several sizes, we found that 81.8% of the companies used the certain and equal increases for grading sizes in sleeve length, waist, and bust. In addition, 72.7% of the companies adopted the same increments between sizes in height and hip girth, and 63.6% also chose equal increments in T-shirt length for making smaller or bigger sizes from the sample size. However, sleeve length and pant length were the components that displayed the most varied sizing. Interestingly, the few companies that used different increments between size groups, adopted the change only between one or two size groups, instead of all sizes. In conclusion, this research reveals the unsuitability of the current sizing system and the necessity to increase consumer confidence in the size tags on children's wear by modifying the system to reflect the actual growth of children. The results can also contribute to future study on the development of a new and more accurate sizing system for children's wear.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.21-24
• /
• 1975

During April and May, 1973 rain water samples were collected five different times in nine selected areas of Seoul city. The pH factor and bacteria counts were measured. The following results were obtained. 1. The lowest pH was 6.18 at Moon Rae Dong and the highest was 6.30 at Jong Am Dong. This difference is not significant at the 0. 05 level. 2. The pH factor did not vary significantly with the time of sample collection. 3. Dae Bang Dong had the highest Total Plate Count of $1.9\times 10^3/ml$, Bo Moon Dong and An Kook Dong had the lowest Total Plate Count at $4.1\times 10^2/ml$. 4. The total plate count varied greatly according to the time of sample collection. This result can be used to remove are pollutants. 5. The Total plate Count is nearly inversely proportional to the length of time during which the sample is collected.