• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.44-47
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• 2005

Activated carbon(AC) can be utilized as a soil conditioner in agricultural crop areas. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of AC on growth and yield of Ginger(Zingiber officinale) as affected by different amounts of AC. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Growth characteristics including plant height and leaf length were the highest when activated carbon added with $5-10\%$, suggesting that optimum amount of activated carbon was ranged from 5 to $15\%$. Growth and enlargement of the root were improved by $10\%$ AC with higher rhizome length and weight.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 1993

The fatigue growth behavior of short cracks were studied various load ratios. Computer-aided unloading elastic compliance method was employed to measure the closure and the length of short cracks. In the dc/dN-$\Delta$K relationships. the decreasing behavior of the growth rate of short cracks is due to the decrease of crack opening ratio with increasing crack length. Irrespective of load ratio. the growth rate of short cracks can be well decribed in terms of the effective stress intensity factor range $\Delta$K$_{eff}$, which is calculated on the base of crack closure. dc/dN-$\Delta$K$_{eff}$ relationships of short cracks are found to coincide well with the corresponding long crack relationships. accordingly. the growth rate of short cracks can be predicted using that of long cracks.ort cracks can be predicted using that of long cracks.cks.

• 전기의세계
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.57-69
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• 1973

The aim of this study was to investigate the behaviors of plasma jet under coaxial magnetic field in paralled with it for controlling optical characteristics and input power of plasma jet without impurity and instability of arc plasma column. Because the discharge characteristics of plasma jet were so distinctively different according to the existence or non-existence of magnetic field, the input power, luminous intensity of plasma jet and thermal efficiency were comparatively studied in respect of such variables as arc current, gap of electrode, quantity of argon flow, magnetic flux density, diameter and length of nozzle, with the use of several materials which were different in diameter and length of nozzel. The results were as follows; 1) The voltage tends to show a drooping characteristic at law current and then rises gradually. The luminous intensity of plasma jet increases exponentially with arc current. 2) Arc voltage increases and luminous intensity tends to decrease gradually as gap of electrode increases. 3) Arc voltage and luminous intensity tends to decrease gradually as gap of electrode increases. 3) Arc voltage and luminous intensity increase in accordance with the quantity of argon flow. 4) At first step, arc voltage increases to maximum value with the growth of flux density and then tends to show a gradual decrease. Luminous intensity decreases with the growth flux density. 5) Arc voltage decreases as the constriction length of nozzle increases, maximum decrease is shown at the constriction length of 20(mm) and it increases beyond that value. The luminous intensity decreases as the constriction length grows. 6) Arc voltage and luminous in tensity increase with the growth of diameters of nozzle. 7) Thermal efficiency has values between 50% and 75%, being influenced by arc current, the quantity of argon flow, flux density, the length of electrode gap and the constriction length of nozzle.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

Purpose : Nowadays, there are many studies of growth retardation treatment by oriental medical therapy. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Hwalhyulsungjang-san (Huoxuechengzhang-san) and KC101 on physical development in growth, Methods : 60 young (3 weeks old) male rats, whose mean weight was $46.8{\pm}0,7g$, were divided into 5 groups : groups A, B, C, and D were fed an experimental diet containing respectively Hwalhyulsungjang-san 2.5%, Hwalhyulsungjang-san 7.5%, KC101 5.0%, and KC101 10.0%, and the other group were fed an AIN-diet containing neither Hwalhyulsungjang-san nor KC101 as a control. Study of each group used 2 rats and was repeated in 6 times. Body weight, daily weight gain, dietary intake, body length, femur length, backbone length and serum concentration of IGF-I and hemoglobin were measured. Result : 1. Body weight and daily weight gain of group D (KC101 10%) were highest; dietary intake of group D was also increased by 13% over the control group. 2. Average body length of group D was increased to 1.69cm, which was 3.2% over the control group. Backbone length of group D was also increased 4% compared to control group. 3. Serum concentration of IGF-I of group D increased 17% compared to control group. 4. Serum concentration of hemoglobin of group B (Hwalhyulsungjang-san 7.5%) increased 8% compared to control group. Conclusion : This study showed that Hwalhyulsungjang-san and KC101 composed of oriental medicinal stuffs have effect on physical development in growing rats. There were not any statistical meaning compared to control group, but this study suggests that intake of these compounds from a young age may lead to increase physical development in growth.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 1997

One-to three -month-old infants(n=252) were compared their growth performance(weight, length, head circumference, chest circumference) by feeding methods in cross-sectional study. There were two groups : breast-fed(BF) and formula-fed groups(FF). The weights of infants at 1, 2, and 3 postpartum month were 4.50$\pm$0.48kg, 5.76$\pm$0.62kg and 6.67$\pm$0.68kg, respectively. The weigh of male infants was higher than females. The length were 53.7$\pm$2.6cm, 57.4$\pm$3.3cm, 61.1$\pm$3.1cm at one to three postpartum months, respectively. The length of male infants was higher than females, too. Overall there were no significant differences between feeding methods in weight, length, head and chest circumferences, and monthly weight and length velocity. But 3-month-old formula-fed male infants showed bigger significantly in weight, monthly weight velocity and chest circumference than the breast-feds. By Korean standards, weight-for-height Z-score were distributed from 0 to ＋2. Not only was there a few malnourished infants but also overnourished were noticed, especially in formula-fed group. From this survey, long-time survey on growth and development of large scales might be necessary to determine the effect of feeding methods of infants after 3 months and to set proper grwoth standard for infant. And it was suggested the that the careful attention of polarized nutritional problems of early infants was needed, especially in formula-fed group. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(1) : 3~12, 1997)

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.421-428
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between anatomical characteristics and growth rate of Quercus rubra from different origins of seed. Anatomical characteristics showed that all Quercus rubra species were ring-porous woods with 1~3 layers of large pores in earlywood, but the latewood had small pores oriented in radial direction. There were slight differences in libriform fiber length and vessel element diameter in the earlywood among different provenance origins of seeds. In growth rate, the libriform fiber length and vessel element diameter was negative correlation in the earlywood, but not correlative in the latewood, and vessel element length was not correlative in the early and latewood, Volumetric composition of libriform fiber and ray in latewood was higher than those in ear lywood, and a higher composition of vessel element was observed in earlywood. Ray height was the range of from 11 to 15 cells.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2007

We present age and growth data for Ilisha elongata, based on 363 specimens caught in 1999 and 2000 around Jeju Island and the southwest coast of Korea. Scale and ring radii of each ring group showed a direct one-to-one relationship, with ring radius increasing as scale radius increased. The relationship between fork length and scale radius was FL=39.553SR+60.935 for females, FL=39.474SR+54.026 for males, and FL=39.608SR+57.547 for both sexes. Monthly changes in the marginal index indicated that a new ring appears once each year (in July). Maximum age, mean age and mean fork length of fish were 10 years, 5.0 years, and 349mm, respectively. Von Bertalanffy's growth equations were $FL_t=495.4{\times}[1-\exp(-0.2586(t+0.6487))]$ for fork length (mm) and $W_t=1,112.5{\times}[1-\exp(-0.2586(t+0.6487))]^{2.874}$ for body weight (g) for both sexes. Monthly changes in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) indicated that the spawning period was in June and July, which corresponded closely with ring formation time. Differences in monthly GSI changes in 1999 and 2000 may be related to water temperature variation. Fecundity ranged from 5,664 to 176,290 eggs per individual (n=43, fork length 264-470mm). The relationship between fecundity(F) and fork length was $F=7.7{\times}10^{-7}{\times}FL^{4.9269}$.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.40
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• pp.30.1-30.6
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the differences in the position and shape of the anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve (ALIAN) in relation to the growth pattern of the mandibular functional subunit. Methods: The study was conducted on 56 patients among those who had undergone orthognathic surgery at the Gangnam Severance Hospital between January 2010 and December 2015. Preoperative computerized tomography (CT) images were analyzed using the Simplant OMS software (ver.14.0 Materialise Medical, Leuven, Belgium). The anterior and inferior lengths of ALIAN (dAnt and dInf) and each length of the mandibular functional subunits were measured. The relationship between dAnt, dInf, and the growth pattern of the mandibular subunits was analyzed. Results: The length of the anterior portion of ALIAN (dAnt) reached 3.34 ± 1.59 mm in prognathism and 1.00 ± 0.97 mm in retrognathism. The length of the inferior portion of ALIAN (dInf) reached 6.81 ± 1.33 mm in prognathism and 5.56 ± 1.34 mm in retrognathism. The analysis of Pearson's correlation coefficiency on all samples showed that the lengths of functional subunits were positively correlated with the loop depth. The length of the symphysis area in prognathic patients was positively correlated with the anterior loop depth (p = 0.005). Conclusions: Both the anterior and inferior length of ALIAN are longer in prognathic patients. Especially, it seems to be associated with the growth of the symphysis area.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

In order to select the water flooding-tolerant trees among Korean oaks, we cultivated the sapling of 6 deciduous oak species, Quercus acutissima, Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis, Q. dentata, Q. aliena and Q. serrata, under the water flooding treatment and the control, and analysed the growth difference among them. For comparing the growth between treatment and control, we measured 13 morphological and ecological traits, such as leaf Leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, shoot length, stem length, stem diameter, root length, plant length, leaf weight, stem weight, root weight, plant weight. Q. serrata have no growth difference between water flooding treatment and control, but the rest 5 species showed the growth reduction in water flooding treatment. Tolerance of oak species to water flooding was risen in order of Quercus acutissima, Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis, Q. dentata, Q. aliena and Q. serrata. Thus, among Korean deciduous oaks, it is desirable to plant Q. serrata for flood plain restoration of river.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.403-412
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• 1995

The present study was performed to determine th growth and production of Mactra veneriformis on the Songdo tidal flat off Inchon. west coast of Korea. Monthly samples were collected from Marc 1989 to September 1990. The size distributions of shell length showed unimodal patterns from March to August 1989. The binodal pattern after September 1989 indicated a recruitment of young clams during this period. The density fluctuated irregularly, but showed a decreasing pattern over time on the whole. The density of the year class 1989 increased markedly after February 1990. The growth in shell length showed three phases during a year, a fast growth phase in spring, a slow growth phase in summer and autumn, and a lag phase in winter. The annual increment in shell length reduced with age. The flesh dry weight showed a peak in late spring just before the spawning period, and another peak in autumn. The length of annuli and the back-calculated flesh dry weight were used to describe the annual growth. The growth in shell length fitted to the von Bertalanffy model and the flesh dry weight to the Gompertz model. The absolute growth rate of the shell length reduced gradually with age. The year class 1985 had the highest L, and the yeat class 1986 the lowest L. The annual growth in weight showed a typical sigmoid curve. The growth rate was maximum at the age of 2 to 3. Year classes of 1984 and 1985 had higher values of W and higher absolute growth rates than those of 1986 and 1987. Maximum absolute growth rates of 1986 and 1987 year classes were recorded at younger ages than 1984 and 1985 year classes. The annual relative growth rates of length and weight decreased exponentially with age. Biomass in flesh dry weight increased till spring and thereafter decreased progressively. Maximum biomass was 134.6g m/SUP -2/ in August 1990. The biomass of 1989 yeat class occupied highest proportion in total biomass. Annual production in flesh dry weight from March 1989 to March 1990 was 67.9 g m/SUP -2/ year/SUP -1/. Cumulative production of 1989 year class was highest among all year classes, and that of year class 1984 was lowest. The production is high in spring and autumn, and very low in summer and winter.