• Title/Summary/Keyword: Length growth

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Rice Plant Growth Characteristics According to Different Seed Germination Length and Damage (볍씨 최아 및 최아 손상정도에 따른 초기생육변화 분석)

  • Choi, Myoung-Goo;Jeong, Jae-Hyeok;Lee, Hyen-Seok;Yang, Seo-Yeong;Lee, Chung-gun;Hwang, Woon-Ha
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.66 no.3
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    • pp.183-189
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    • 2021
  • We checked the emergence rate and early growth characteristics of young rice plants according to the germination length and seed damage ratio in direct seeding. The emergence rate was reduced according to the longer germination length and higher seed damage ratio. The emergence rate was further reduced under high-temperature conditions. The leaf number did not show a significant difference according to germination length and seed damage ratio. However, shoot and root dry weights were reduced according to the germination length and seed damage ratio. The root dry weight was highly correlated with the shoot dry weight. Based on these results, we concluded that a longer germination length and seed damage could induce the loss of nutrients and affect poor root growth, consequently inducing poor emergence and growth in the early growth stage of rice seeds. Therefore, in rice direct seeding, seed conditions of less than 1 mm of germination length should be checked for a sufficiently high standing rate and adequate growth characteristics after seeding.

Effect of LED LightIrradiation on the Mycelial Growth and Fruit Body Development of Hypsizygus Marmoreus (LED 광원이 느티만가닥버섯 균의 균사 생장과 자실체 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, M.K.;Lee, Y.K.;Seo, G.S.
    • Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.99-112
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    • 2020
  • A edible mushroom, Hypsizygus marmoreus is commercially cultivated. However, the researches of cultivation and physiological characteristics were not conducted in Korea. In this study, we conducted on artificial cultivation of H. marmoreus and elucidated the effect of light on the mycelial growth and fruit body development using LED light sources with different wavelength; blue (peak wave length 460nm), green(peak wave length 530nm), yellow(peak wave length 590nm), red(peak wave length 630nm), and white as positive control. Mycelial growth of H. marmoreus strains were inhibited about 30~40% in inhibition ratio under the illumination with blue, green, yellow LED light. However, red LED light was not inhibited. Elongation of stipe was effective under the long wave length such as yellow and red light. Abnormal fruit body was produced under the long wavelength and dark. However, development of pileus was effective under the short wavelength such as green and blue light. Also, as a result of cultivation with mixed light for high quality and harvest, many effective numbers and yields of fruiting bodies were obtained in the mixed treatment of blue and white light, and pileus developed well.

A STUDY OiM THE MORPHOLOGY OF CHIN IN RELATION TO VERTICAL DYSPLASIA OF CRANIOFACIAL COMPLEX (안모수직 부조화에 따른 하악이부 형태에 관한 연구)

  • Cha, Bong-Keun;Suhr, Cheong-Hoon
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.135-156
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    • 1990
  • This study was undertaken to investigate the difference of chin morphology and mandibular form in relation to different mandibular growth direction. The subject was divided into three group i.e., control group, vertical group, and horizontal group, according to the criteria of $Bj{\ddot{o}}rk$ sum, and each group was composed of 15 females and 15 males. Medial axis analysis in addition to the routine cephalometric analysis using P.I.A.S. (personal image analysing system) was carried out to find out the differences of mandibular morphology on each group. The results were as follows: 1. The area of symphysis was larger in horizontal growth group than that of vertical growth group. 2. Protruding chin area was also larger in horizontal growth group than that of vertical growth group. 3. There was a close correlationship between protruding chin area and other form of mandible. 4. Antegonial notch depth and ramus posterior contour depth was deeper in vertical growth group than in horizontal growth group, and antegonial notch depth was more influenced by anterior part of notch than posterior part of notch. 5. Mental medial axis and incisal medial axis length, in relation to corpus medial axis length was larger in vertical growth group than in horizontal growth group.

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Effects on Dry Matter Production and Growth of Zoysia japonica under the Light Environment I . Effect of Shade on Growth in Zoysia japonica (광환경이 잔디(Zoysia japonica)의 물질생산과 생장에 미치는 영향 I.차광율이 Zoysia japonica 생장에 미치는 영향)

  • 도봉현
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.95-114
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    • 1991
  • This paper was designed to estimate the interaction of the first productivity, light conditions and to analyze the ecophysiological productivity, growth characteristics grown under various shading conditions in Zoysia japonica . The results summarized this experiment were as follows; 1.After transplanting the grass, increasing rate of leaf number and total leaf length was remarkahly high at the early growth stage in the control and the 30% shading plot. 2.The increasing rate of leaf area ratio (LA R) in all the experimental plot was remarkable high at the early growth stage after transplanting the grass. Especially, the control and 30% shading plot in compared with another plots, were remarkably high at rate of leaf area. 3.The length and the node number of rhizome in the control and 30% shading plot were also high and the difference was significantly large by the growth stage. 4.Chlorophyll content was very high at 36days after transplanting and then decreased. Increasing rate of shade resulted in its low content. The rate of chlorophyll a to b was decreased by in-creasing rate of shade. 5.The content of soluble sugar in the control and 30% shading plot was low at the early growth after transplanting and high at the late growth stage. Its content in the plot of 70% shading was remarkably low throughout the growth stage. 6.The increasing rate of standing plant in all the experimental plots was high at the early growth stage after transplanting. Increasing rate of shade was typically low through all the growth stage.

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A LONGITUDINAL CEPHALOMETRIC STUDY OF THE CRANIOFACIAL GROWTH CHANCES OF KOREAN AGED FROM 16.5 TO 18.5 YEARS (한국인 두개안면골 성장변화 (16.5세에서 18.5세까지))

  • Sung, Jae-Hyun
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.25 no.5 s.52
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    • pp.557-566
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    • 1995
  • Postpubertal craniofacial growth changes were assessed from serial lateral cephalograms taken at which subjects were 16 and 18 years of age. The sample consisted of 19 male and 14 female subjects with no previous orthodontic treatment who had normal occlusion. The craniofacial growth changes of these samples during this study period might be summarized as follows 1. Significant increase in mean maxillary and mandibular length, cranial base length, posterior md anterior facial height were observed at the age period studied in male(P<0.05), however, in female significant increase was observed only mandibular length(Ar-Gn, Ar-Go) and anterior and posterior facial height(P<0.05). 2. Total growth increment of all measumenats were below 1mm in female, but in male, total mandibular(Ar-Gn) growth increment was 2.0mm and those of mandibular tody length, ram length, posterior facial height, and anteior facial height were 1 to 1.54mm and the others were below 1mm 3. A closing, forward rotation of the mandible occured with a significant decrease in mandibular plane angle of $0.61^{\circ}$ in male(P<0.01). 4. Summarized the findings, even though statistically significant growth changes in some dimensions of female were observed, the amount of growth change were very small, however, in male the growth changes of some dimensions associated with mandible were significant and considerable amount.

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Growth curve estimates for wither height, hip height, and body length of Hanwoo steers (Bos taurus coreanae)

  • Park, Hu-Rak;Eum, Seung-Hoon;Roh, Seung-Hee;Sun, Du-Won;Seo, Jakyeom;Cho, Seong-Keun;Lee, Jung-Gyu;Kim, Byeong-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.384-391
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    • 2017
  • Growth curves in Hanwoo steers were estimated by Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Logistic, and Brody nonlinear models using growth data collected by the Hanwoo Improvement Center from a total of 6,973 Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers 6 to 24 months old that were born between 1996 and 2015. The data included three parameters: A, mature size of body measurement; b, growth ratio; and, k, intrinsic growth rate. Nonlinear regression equations for wither height according to Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Logistic, and Brody models were $Y_t=144.7e^{-0.5869e^{-0.00301t}}$, $Y_t=145.3(1-0.1816e^{-0.00284t})^3$, $Y_t=143.1(1+0.7356e^{-0.00352t})^{-1}$, and $Y_t=146.8(1+0.4700e^{-0.00249t})^1$, respectively, while those for hip height were $Y_t=144.5e^{-0.5549e^{-0.00312t}}$, $Y_t=145.0(1-0.1724e^{-0.00295t})^3$, $Y_t=143.1(1+0.6863e^{-0.00360t})^{-1}$, and $Y_t=146.2(1+0.4501e^{-0.00263t})^1$, respectively. Equations for body length $Y_t=174.1e^{-0.8342e^{-0.00289t}}$, $Y_t=175.8(1-0.2500e^{-0.00265t})^3$, $Y_t=170.0(1+1.1548e^{-0.00363t})^{-1}$, and $Y_t=180.3(1+0.6077e^{-0.00215t})^1$, respectively, for the same models. Among the four models, the Brody model resulted in the lowest mean square error, with mean square errors of 31.79, 30.57, and 42.13, respectively, for wither height, hip height, and body length. Also, an estimated birth wither height, birth hip height, and birth body length (77.98, 80.57, and 70.97 cm, respectively) were lower in the Brody model than in other models. An inflection point was not observed during the growth phase of Hanwoo steer according to the growth curves calculated using Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, and Logistic models. Based on the results, we concluded that the regression equation using the Brody model was the most appropriate among the four growth models. To obtain more accurate parameters, however, using data from a wider production period (from birth to shipping) would be required, and the development of a suitable model for body conformation traits would be needed.

Plant growth and fruit enlargement among different watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars in continuous chilling night temperature conditions (지속적인 야간 저온에 의한 수박 품종별 식물체 생장 및 과실 비대 양상)

  • Oak Jin Lee;Hee Ju Lee;Seung Hwan Wi;Tae Bok Kim;Sang Gyu Kim;Won Byoung Chae
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.486-494
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    • 2021
  • Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) is sensitive to low temperature and shows retarded growth under 10℃. Although early transplanting guarantees higher returns, it requires cost and labor to maintain the appropriate temperature for plant growth. Therefore, cultivars tolerant to chilling stress is necessary to reduce the cost and labor requirements. The purpose of this study is to analyze data on plant growth and fruit enlargement under continuous chilling night temperature to develop new cultivars tolerant to chilling temperature. Two cultivars expected to have chilling tolerance and another cultivar sensitive to chilling temperature were grown in greenhouses with chilling and optimal night temperature conditions. In the early growth stage after transplanting, the cultivars expected to have chilling tolerance showed better vine length, fresh weight and dry weight. However, one of the tolerant cultivars showed significantly lower vine length, leaf length and width, and petiole length than the sensitive cultivar during pollination period and later growth stage, showing genotype specific responses. The fruit length, width, and weight were also significantly lower in the tolerant cultivar. The fruit set ratio was significantly higher in the chilling sensitive cultivar than the two tolerant cultivars. These results suggest that the present chilling tolerant cultivars in watermelon were selected based on their performance in the early growth stage, and further studies on chilling tolerance in different growth and development stages are required to develop cultivars adapted to various forcing cultivation systems.

Effects of Cutting Size and Planting Depth on Growth and Yield in Late-Cultivation of Sweet Potato (고구마 만기재배에서 생육 및 수량에 미치는 삽수크기 및 삽식깊이의 영향)

  • Lee, Seung-Yeob;Kim, Tae-Hwan;Lee, Na-Rha;Lee, Ear-Jin;Bae, Jong-Hyang
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.153-158
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    • 2010
  • To obtain the basic information for late-cultivation of sweet potato [Ipomoea hatalas (L.) Lam. cv. 'Jinhongmi'], vine growth and storage root yield were investigated in variously cutting sizes (10, 20, and 30 cm) and planting depths (1~4 nodes in 30 cm vine) using black-film vinyl mulching cultivation ($75{\times}25\;cm$ planting density, June 20). At 30 days after planting, main vine length, number of node, and vine fresh weight were significantly affected by the cutting length, and these were significantly different 10 and 30 cm at 120 days. The vine elongation affected by planting depths showed the best growth in 2-nodes planting depth and the lowest growth in 4-nodes planting depth at 30 days, but the vine growth was not significantly different among planting depths at 120 days. Number of storage root per plant, weight of storage root per plant, mean weight of storage root and yield of storage root were increased in longer cutting length, and those in 10 cm cutting length were significantly reduced compared to the 20 and 30 cm cutting length. Number of storage root per plant in the deeper planting was much increased, but mean weight of storage root was much decreased. Yield of storage root per 10a was highest in 3-nodes planting depth. Therefore, planting methods by cutting length over 20 cm and planting depth of 2~3 nodes in late-cultivation of sweet potato will be more efficient to improve the vine growth and storage root yield.

The Comparison of Radiactive Elements $Li^+,Rb^+,Cs^+$Effect on the Growth Circadian Rhythm in Neurospora crassa (방사선 물질 $Li^+,Rb^+,Cs^+$이 Neurospora crassa의 성장 일주기에 미치는 영향)

  • 한상진
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • v.8 no.1_2
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    • pp.11-17
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    • 1993
  • Radioactive elements Li/sup +/, Rb/sup +/and Cs/sup +/ effect the period shortening in proportion to the higher concentration on the growth of Neurospora crassa. 1 mM LiCl presented the result of the period length 0.52 h shorter than average circadian rhythm 21.66 h. 1 mM RbCl reduced the period length 1.13 h than control period 21.89 h and 1 mM CsCl reduced 2.12 h than control period 21.89 h. In the equal concentration Cs/sup +/ had an extreme effect. Fatal doses of Li/sup +/, Rb/sup +/ and Cs/sup +/ are 20mM, 30mM and 20mM. In the fatal concentration Neurospora didn't develop more after 7 days and the formation of spores were not given in regular order. Circadian length of Neurospora decreased generally at the last cycle of the growth.

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박테리아에 의한 클로깅 현상에 따른 임계 상태 균열 암반의 유체투과율 감소에 관한 전산 연구

  • 한충용;강주명;최종근
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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    • 2001.04a
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    • pp.73-76
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    • 2001
  • We have simulated the effect of fracture characteristics on reduction of effective permeability of the fractured rocks due to in-situ bacteria growth. A nutrient is injected continuously for growth of in-situ bacteria. We used a power law for fracture length distribution and a fBm for fracture aperture spatial distribution. The results show that in-situ bacteria growth reduces the Permeability hyperbolically, but the porosity of backbone fracture does not change significantly. It shows that reduction of the permeability proceeds at faster speed for smaller value of length exponent(a) and for larger value of Hurst exponent(H). The fracture length distribution has stronger effect on speed of reduction than the aperture spatial distribution. The time needed to reduce permeability is inversely proportional to the hydraulic gradient.

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