• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.47-48
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• 1979

Lemnaceae의 반공생적 질소고정(窒素固定)을 확인(確認)하기 위(爲)하여 SEM으로 관찰(觀察), 조사(調査)한 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) 반공생적 질소고정(窒素固定)을 하고 있는 암조(藍藻)는 Calthrix sp.와 Microcrate sp.가 많았으나 L. gibba에서는 Anabaena sp.도 보였다. 2) L. oligorhiza는 거의 공생적(共生的) 질소고정(窒素固定)을 하고 있는 것으로 보였으나, 타(他)의 Lemnaceae는 이와같이 보이지 않았다.

• 약학회지
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• 제2권1_2호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1953

A new forma called " Euryale ferox salisbury f. Baichitao Rim" is written down in it. In regard to Xanthium genus, chenopoium genus, Aronitum genus, Lycoctnum genus. Atractylodes japonica, Lemnaceae, and Trapaceae. Some information has been given from taxonomical and aecological point of view, where by their peculiarity is made clear.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1168-1176
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• 2004

Intensive animal industries create large volumes of nutrient rich effluent, which, if untreated, has the potential for substantial environmental degradation. Aquatic plants in aerobic lagoon systems have the potential to achieve inexpensive and efficient remediation of effluent, and to recover valuable nutrients that would otherwise be lost. Members of the family Lemnaceae (duckweeds) are widely used in lagoon systems, but despite their widespread use in the cleansing of sewage, only limited research has been conducted into their growth in highly eutrophic media, and little has been done to systematically distinguish between different types of media. This study examined the growth characteristics of duckweed in abattoir effluent, and explored possible ways of ameliorating the inhibitory factors to growth on this medium. A series of pot trials was conducted to test the tolerance of duckweed to abattoir effluent partially remediated by a sojourn in anaerobic fermentation ponds, both in its unmodified form, and after the addition of acid to manipulate pH, and the addition of bentonite. Unmodified abattoir effluent was highly toxic to duckweed, although duckweed remained viable and grew sub optimally in media with total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations of up to 100 mg/l. Duckweed also grew vigorously in effluent diluted 1:4 v/v, containing 56 mg TAN/L and also modified by addition of acid to decrease pH to 7 and by adding bentonite (0.5%).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2004

Intensive animal industries create large volumes of nutrient rich effluent which, if untreated, has the potential for substantial environmental degradationand to recover valuable nutrients that would otherwise be lost. Members of the family Lemnaceae are widely used in lagoon systems, to achieve inexpensive and efficient remediation of effluent. Only limited research has been conducted into their growth in highly eutrophic media and there has been little done to systematically distinguish between different types of media. This study examined the growth characteristics of duckweed in abattoir effluent and explored possible ways of ameliorating the inhibitory factors to growth on this medium. A series of pot trials was conducted to test the tolerance of duckweed to abattoir effluent partially remediated by a sojourn in anaerobic fermentation ponds, both in its unmodified form and after the addition of acid to manipulate pH, and the addition of bentonite. Unmodified abattoir effluent was highly toxic to duckweed, even at dilutions of 3:1. Duckweed remained viable and grew sub-optimally in simplified media with total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations of up to 100 mg/L. Duckweed grew vigorously in effluent diluted 1:4 v/v, containing 56 mg TAN/L when modified by addition of acid (to decrease pH to 7) and bentonite at 0.5%. The results of this study suggest that bentonite plays an important role in modifying the toxicity of abattoir effluent to duckweed.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.215-224
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• 1990

The distribution of Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna aequinoctialis was investigated and the limiting factors on the distribution were analyzed. At 66 sites in Korea, the presense or absense of duckweed were recorded and the water was sampled. The temperature, hardness, pH and contents of N, , , Na, K, Ca, Cu, Mg, Zn, Fe, Ni, Mn and Cd of water sampled were analyzed. The results were as follows; It seemed that the limiting factors influencing on the distribution was water temperature and concentration of . The critical temperature of the distribution of Spirodela and Lemna was presented 19.5$^{\circ}C$ and concentration of was limiting factor only in the distribution of S. polyrhiza. L. aequinoctialis was distributed in lower temperature than S. polyrhiza and it seemed that the distribution of L. aequinoctialis was not be influenced by the concentration of .

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.303-308
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• 2011

Spirodela polyrrhiza L. Schleid. (Lemnaceae), also known as 'duckweed', is a traditional medicine in Korea. The whole plant is used to treat many diseases, including the common cold, edema, acute nephritis, and urticaria. The present study investigated antinociceptive properties of the EtOAc soluble fraction of S. polyrrhiza (ESP). The antinociceptive activities of ESP were studied using experimental models of pain, including thermal nociception methods, such as the tail immersion test and the hotplate test. Moreover, we studied chemical nociception induced by intraperitoneal acetic acid and subplantar formalin in mice. ESP exhibited dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in both thermal and chemical pain models. In a drug combination test using the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, diminished analgesic activities of ESP were observed, indicating that the antinociceptive activity of ESP is mediated by opioid receptors.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.253-260
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• 1991

Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna aequinoctialis often occurred at the sites of high ammonium concentration and at the sites of high nitrate concentration, respectively. We investigated the different distribution between two species in relation to the type of nitrogen sources and their concentrations. Our experiments showed that L. aequinoctialis grew faster than S. polyrhiza in nitrate media with lower than 15 mM concentration. The nitrate uptake was also faster in L. aequinoctialis than in S. polyrhiza. However, neither differences in growth nor in uptake patterns between these two species were observed in ammonium media. Glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) activities were higher in L. aequinoctialis. In particular, nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in L. aequinoctialis was 12.1 times as high as that in S. polyrhiza. These results showed that the two species responded varyingly to the types of nitrogen sources and their concentrations. Therefore, the difference in geographic distribution between the two species appeared to reflect the interspecific differences in enzyme activities and, subsequently, nitrogen absorption abilities.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2010

Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect of Spirodela polyrrhiza (Lemnaceae), a widely used traditional medicinal plant were investigated. In macrophages nitric oxide (NO) is released as an inflammatory mediator and has been proposed to be an important modulator of many pathophysiological conditions including inflammation. 85% MeOH extracts of S. polyrrhiza (0.01, 0.1, 1 mg/mL) suppressed nitric oxide production in interferone-$\gamma$ (IFN-$\gamma$) and lipopoloysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated macrophages. It also attenuated the expression of inflammatory enzymes like inducible NOS (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) as assessed by immunoblotting with specific antibodies. Moreover, the values obtained with DPPH radical, superoxide anion and NO radical scavenging assay showed that S. polyrrhiza has potent antioxidant properties as a natural ROS scavenger. The results of the present study suggest the potential use of S. polyrrhiza in the treatment of ROS-mediated chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.349-364
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• 2017

좀개구리밥속(Lemna L.)이 속하는 개구리밥과(Lemnaceae Martinov)는 다년생 초본으로, 5속 약 40종이 극 지방을 제외한 전세계에 널리 분포한다. 좀개구리밥속 식물은 피자식물 중 크기가 가장 작고 형태가 단순한 부유성의 단자엽수생식물로 영양번식이 매우 빨라 약 3일마다 배로 증가하는 특성을 보여 수환경 오염 피해 평가나 독성 시험에 이용되는 등 유용성이 큰 식물로 평가되고 있다. 우리나라의 좀개구리밥속 종 분포에 대해서는 학자별로 다른 학명을 쓰기도 하였으나 1종이 존재하는 것으로 여러 학자들이 보고해 왔다. 본 연구에서는 한국산 좀개구리밥속 식물에서 관찰된 외부 형태적 변이에 주목하여, 2종 이상일 가능성을 염두에 두고 그 실체를 규명하고자 분자계통학적 방법으로 연구를 수행하였다. 전국적으로 분포하는 좀개구리밥속 식물 37개체군의 엽록체 DNA atpF-H 구간 염기서열을 결정한 결과, 염기서열 길이는 463-483bp인 것으로 확인되었고 37개체군의 염기서열을 정렬한 길이는 488bp였으며, 47개 뉴클레오티드지점에서 변이가 나타났다. 한국산 좀개구리밥속 식물 37개체군의 엽록체 DNA atpF-H 구간 염기서열은 크게 두 개의 유형으로 나누어졌으며, 계통분석 결과에서도 최대절약계통수에서 두 개의 clade로 나누어졌고, 그 중 한 clade는 두 개의 subclade로 다시 나누어졌다. 이는 현재까지 우리나라에 1종만 분포한다고 알려진 것과는 다른 결과로 최소 2개 이상 분류군(L.aequinoctialis, L.minor)이 국내에 분포한다는 것을 의미한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.919-923
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• 2004

Spirodela polyrhiza(L.) Schleid (Lemnaceae) have been used as a traditional drug in treating urticaria and itching. However, the exact role of Spirodela polyrhiza in allergic reaction has not been clarified yet. Type 1 hypersensitivity (immediate hypersensitivity), popularly known as allergy, is a major clinical problem in humans. It has been found that the histamine release from mast cells is an essential step in the pathological process of immediate hypersensitivity. In the present study, the effect of aqueous extract of Spirodela polyrhiza (AESP) on immediate hypersensitivity was investigated. AESP inhibited the antigen-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). AESP in vitro exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of degranulation in RPMC stimulated by compound 48/80. AESP also suppressed the morphological changes and the increase of intracellular free calcium level induced by compound 48/80. These results suggest that inhibitory effect of AESP on immediate hypersensitivity may be mediated through the decrease of intracellular free calcium levels, and AESP importantly contributes to the treatment of anaphylaxis and may be useful for other allergic disease.