• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.171-178
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• 2020

Amid public's growing interest on garden and more leisure time of modern life-style, there is an effort by the government to utilize forest as public garden. In order to utilize forests as pubic garden, a new concept of "Forest Garden" should be defined and introduced first. Furthermore, introducing a new concept requires academically analyzing values of a new concept before a new concept is widely used. Thus, we aimed to clarify the concept of forest garden by conducting Delphi technique research and factor-analysis of survey results. More specifically, delphi technique research was conducted to extract composition elements and explanation elements of forest garden. Factor analysis was conducted on the top 25 elements and 5 values were extracted as a result. They are form, scenery, ecology, history/cuture and usefulness which are essential values required of forest garden. Forest garden should have all of 5 values and be capable of function as both forest and garden which would also need continuous maintenance. We believe this study is the first one to establish definition of forest garden and more specific and realistic definitions need to be built through continuous research, 000 experiment and on-site evaluation. We also believe that this study will serve as foundation for further efforts in building forest garden in various space and in defining proper concept of forest garden.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2016

The main aim of this study is to provide an overview of the characteristics the Oungak (五雲閣) area on the north of rear garden of Gyeongbokgung Palace which was constructed during the time of king Kojong. This study also consider the aspect of functional elements of Ocryucheon (玉流川) located in Changdeokgung Palace and how the Oungak area was used as a substitute for the Ocryucheon. The Oungak area is the private space of the king. It was built in a natural setting which used existing environment including spring water and the rock carved with inscriptions 'Cheonha-Jaeil-Bokji (天下第一福地). King Kojong tried to replace Ocryucheon with Oungak area which had played a important role of relaxation and leisure for royal family at the Ocryucheon to reconstructed Gyeongbokgung Palace. Despite being away from each other, Oungak area seems quite similar to Ocryucheon area. Oungak area and Ocryucheon have a common conditions of a location and structure of the building. Both constructed on the northernmost part of rear garden, composition of buildings and the design of waterway estimated to function as Curve-Stream Banquet. Oungak area was consisted of Ocryeonjeong (玉蓮亭) Pavilion, Oungak Building, Byeokhwasil (碧華室) Building and Cheonha-Jaeil-Bokji-Cheon (天下第一福地泉) Spring and Streams. Except Byeokhwasil Building, spatial compositions of Oungak area showed pattern that were similar to Ocryucheon area. The area was developed, moreover, to unconventional space that depended on the conditions of topography, slope, water system. First, The Ocryeonjeong Pavilion constructed to view the landscape of Seoul to Namsan Mountain. Second, the peculiar form of Cheonha-Jaeil-Bokji-Cheon Streams is estimated the shape imitated from Curve-Stream Banquet on Ocryuchon. Third, Oungak Building was constructed like a habitable house with Nongsanjeong Building in Ocryucheon. The Oungak area was constructed to improve Gyeongbokgung Palace, Consequently, the Oungak area specially characteristic of Joseon palaces's rear garden.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.29-50
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• 2016

This paper is to apply an individual travel cost method(TCM) to estimate demand functions for cultural services enjoyed by visiting 3 branches of the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art located in the Seoul Metropolitan area. This paper extends the standard TCM by incorporating opportunity costs of leisure time and two different data generating process - 398 respondents from an on-site survey and 600 respondents from a general household survey. Negative binomial models reflecting the non-negative integer nature of visiting frequency with over-dispersed variance were best fitted for demand functions, in which residents of Seoul metropolitan area surveyed from on the site exhibited higher visitation demand for the national art museum. Price elasticity and income elasticity differed by respondents' residency. Price elasticity of long distance visitors (-0.21) was more inelastic from those of Seoul residents (-0.34 ~ -0.5). Moreover, regional residents outside of Seoul area seemed to consider that services from the national art museum is a normal good with income elasticity of 0.5, whereas the Seoul residents seemed to perceive it to be an inferior good with income elasticity of -0.05.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.57-83
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• 2013

There has neither been enough research on how to approach the concept of active aging through an integrated view nor an examination to verify the relationship between preparation for old age and active aging in later life. Therefore, this research aims to verify that the elderly, who have prepared for their later life, affected their active aged life. In addition, by setting up self-efficacy and social support as mediator in the research model, this paper looks into the psycho-social resource mechanism of the relationship in depth. In order to verify the correlation of two variables, the Seoul welfare panel data, a mediating model structured by psycho-social resources created by Seoul welfare foundation in 2010, was used. The total sample size was a group of 1,492 elders aged over 65. When it came to our research methods, structured equation analysis was applied to verify the mediating effect and theoretical background. The results revealed that physical preparation, financial preparation, social preparation and leisure preparation directly affected their active aging level positively, thus, psycho-social resources showed a partial mediating effect between preparation for old age of the past and active aging level. The research implications are as follows. First, this research makes an effort to approach the concept of preparation for old age with an integrated perspective through making a construct by entire preparation types. Second, it will attempt to verify the relationship between preparation for old age in the past and active aging in terms of multi-dimension is meaningful. Third, this research reveals the function of psycho-social resource, self-efficacy and social support within the relationship. As far as the partial mediating effect is concerned, preparation for old age education for the middle-aged class should be modified as a decent field to enhance of the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.4
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• pp.711-723
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• 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing affected daily life and leisure activities, including forest recreational activities. This study identified changes in people's participation in forest recreational activities and factors affecting their participation. It collected data from 1,000 samples through an online survey and analyzed it using a binary logit model with interaction terms. It was observed that there were decreases in the participation in visits to urban parks and green areas, outdoor activities in forests and mountains, and trips to mountain villages after the COVID-19 outbreak. People in their 40s, 50s, and 60s were more likely to decrease their participation in all kinds of forest recreational activities than those in their 20s. Moreover, higher household income earners were more likely to decrease their involvement in outdoor activities in forests and mountains. With respect to the place of residence, the residents in the Seoul metropolitan area were less likely to decrease their participation in trips to mountain villages than those outside this area. Thus, this study suggests that online forest recreation information services and forest management are needed to meet the demands of forest recreation for young generations and diversify the function of forests and rural areas as a safe leisurely space.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.327-335
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• 2022

This study aimed to compare functional recovery after rehabilitation exercise between isolated PCL reconstruction and combined PLC reconstruction. Patients were divided into two groups: those who had isolated PCL reconstruction (n = 16) and those who had combined PLC reconstruction (n = 16). We assessed knee joint ligament laxity, subjective questionnaires, and isokinetic muscle function before, after 12, and 24 weeks of a rehabilitation exercise program. In both groups, there were significant differences in knee joint laxity (p = 0.048), IKDC subject score (p < 0.001), Lysholm knee (p < 0.001), Tegner activity scale (p = 0.027), and isokinetic muscle deficit (p = 0.040) by estimated period. However, no significant difference between groups was observed (p > 0.05). These results suggest that rehabilitation exercise after isolated PCL and combined PLC reconstruction influenced structural, subjective, functional recovery positively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.76-88
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• 2022

Urban parks play the role of providing leisure spaces for people in their everyday life along with serving ecological functions in the city. Although urban parks aim to satisfy the needs of users visiting the park, most urban parks are currently uniformly created and maintained without considering the environmental characteristics based on the needs of users. This study thus analyzed parks that underwent modifications in line with the revised Park Act in 2005. There were 45 parks whose types were legally changed, of which 21 were changed from children's parks to small parks, and 19 were changed to utilize and highlight the themes such as cultural parks and historical parks. Among the parks whose types have changed, the ratio of amenities in cultural and historic parks has increased, while the facility area in small parks has decreased and the green area has increased in its place. As a result of analyzing the changes to the park facility area, it was confirmed that increasing park amenities has a positive effect in pursuing revitalization of use through park maintenance, but has a negative consequence of significantly decreasing green area. It is necessary to reorganize the park type classification system to reflect the park environment and prepare guidelines for a new installation standard by park type to expand the net function of parks in cities and maintain the sustainable ecological environment. Through in-depth discussions on the facilities of park types, it is anticipated that innovative and multilateral research could be conducted to prepare improvement measures tailored to the guidelines of urban park types in years to come.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.55
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• pp.5-38
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• 2020

This study focuses on the emergence of "hobby-preneurs" and the ways in which they are transforming the virtuous cycle of arts and cultural ecology. The hobby-preneur pursues and expands his or her favorite hobby into a professional job and/or arts business. Hobby-preneurs are the new driving force in the arts and cultural industry. Their activities enhance the arts as a public good even as they build valuable social capital for arts organizations and have a profound impact on supply and demand in the arts and cultural marketplace. Thus we found that by injecting and potentiating certain values that professional artists cannot directly deliver to arts consumers, hobby-preneurs function as major intermediaries in the virtuous cycle of arts and cultural ecology. To understand more about these emergent actors we examine their personal, social, and economic values and how these values guide their arts-related activities and thereby impact the ecology of the arts and cultural sector. In this study we use a phenomenological approach to investigate five hobby-preneurs and the particular ways their acquisition of professionalism is transforming the arts education node of the virtuous cycle in the creative sector.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.147-161
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• 2022

This study examined changes in the ecological characteristics and design characteristics of Ban's exhibition space in three representative temporary exhibition halls and three permanent exhibition halls designed by Ban Shigeru since 2000. Through the investigation of the concepts and characteristics of ecological architecture, the design characteristics of exhibition space, the analysis framework of the design characteristics of exhibition space and the design elements of ecological architecture is obtained. The analysis results show that there are big changes between the temporary exhibition space and the permanent exhibition space in terms of building scale, space composition, function, materials and technology. On the one hand, the temporary exhibition space used recyclable materials, such as paper tubes, containers to be assembled on site into a single-layer space focused on display. The assembly method was simple and the construction period was short. After the exhibition, the exhibition space were dismantled. The materials were either transported to the next display site or recycled and reused. On the other hand, the permanent exhibition space used reinforced concrete as the main structure, and used a large amount of wood and glass materials to construct a multi-layered composite cultural space that separated the exhibition space and the leisure space. In terms of ecological characteristics, the building materials of the temporary exhibition space were recycled and no industrial wastes were generated after the demolition. The permanent exhibition hall uses eco-friendly wood for the roof and walls, so it is easy to replace and repair. Both types of exhibition halls are changing ecological architecture in a more sustainable direction by saving resources and energy through natural light and ventilation.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.21-35
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to make clear the characteristics of elderly comsumer behaviors and to provide information for the organ and company preparing aging friendly industry. This information is actual data which analyzed elderly consumer behaviors according to sociology of Population criterion. The first survey was conducted to 600 elderly about the degree of products preference, the criterion of products selection, actual purchaser, the preferring medium. To compare elderly consumer behaviors to young consumer behaviors, the second survey was conducted to 400 elderly and young persons. The results are in following. First, the crucial factors of elderly consumers making select products is the function of products. Second, when planning marketing for elderly consumers, company needs to investigate factors affecting elderly consumers behaviors, for instance the educational level, a monthly income level, age, sex, and so on. Third, elderly consumers were the most interested in health products. Specially, male elderly consumers in leisure sports and tour products. Fourth, elderly consumers is active for economic respect and independent for social respect.