• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 1994

To investigate characterization of the ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitors from cereals and legumes produced in Korea, inhibitory activities against ${\alpha}$-amylase with the inhibitor from barley(Hordeum vulgare), wheat(Triticum aestivun), black bean(Glycine max), bean(Cajanus cajon) and pea(Pisum sativum) were measured. Among the samples tested, inhibitors from naked barley and black bean(sabong) which showed the highest inhibitor activities of cereals and legumes, respectively, were characterized according to treatment condition. The results obtained were summarized as follows. During the germination of naked barley and black bean, ${\alpha}$-amylase activities were gradually increased but inhibitory activities against ${\alpha}$-amylases were decreased. Both activities were gradually decreased when naked barley and black bean were stored. More than 50% of activities of the inhibitors from naked barley and black bean were remained at 100$^{\circ}C$ for 15 min and 20 min, respectively, indicating that the inhibitor from black bean was more stable to heat than that of barley.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.425-436
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• 2003

The present study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of common Korean legumes as a high-fiber supplement in therapeutic diets for diabetic patients. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were used as animal models and four kinds of legumes, black soybean (BS), yellow soybean (YS), green pea (GP) and soybean curd residue (SCR) were tested as high-fiber supplements. Seven groups of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were fed isocaloric experimental diets containing 8％ dietary fiber from one of four legumes or purified cellulose and pectin for 6 weeks. The effects of the legumes on the glucose and lipid metabolism of diabetic rats was examined and compared with the effects of cellulose and pectin. The legume supplementation did not show any beneficial effect on glucose tolerance, however, it exhibited a plasma cholesterol-lowering effect in diabetic rats. The cholesterol-lowering action was especially strong in BS and the degree of the effect was comparable to that of pectin. The levels of total lipids, cholesterol, and triglyceride in the hepatic tissues of rats fed legume diets were similar to those of the pectin group. All legume supplements induced an increase in fecal steroid excretion. The fecal cholesterol contents were significantly high following the supplementations of YS and SCR (p < 0.05). The excretion of fecal bile acids in the BS and YS groups was significantly higher than it was in the pectin group (p < 0.05). Concentration of lipid peroxidation products in the blood and urine of diabetic animals was lower in the legume groups than in the cellulose group. The levels of hepatic lipid peroxidation products were significantly lower in the BS and YS groups than in the pectin group (p < 0.05). From the results of this study, the plasma cholesterol-lowering effect of BS is possibly due to the significant (p < 0.05) in-crease in fecal steroid excretion, which suggests that BS could be beneficial in improving abnormal lipid metabolism in diabetic rats. (Korean J Nutrition 36(5): 425∼436, 2003)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1518-1523
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• 2004

This study was conducted to evaluate nutritive value of forages commonly used as ruminant feeds in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Seven species of grasses and five species of legumes were collected during the rainy season. The results showed that chemical composition, in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD) and crude protein (CPD), in vitro gas production and metabolizable energy (ME) content greatly varied among the species of grass and legume forages. The CP content ranged from 6.6 to 16.2% in grass and from 17.5 to 29.1% in legumes; while NDF content of grass and legume ranged from 57.2 to 66.2% and from 24.4 to 55.6%, respectively. The DMD, OMD and CPD of grass ranged from 49.1 to 62.2%, 51.9 to 64.4% and 50.5 to 60.3%; while in legumes the values ranged from 59.1 to 71.8%, 65.2 to 72.0% and 68.2 to 71.6%, respectively. The ME content of grass varied from 6.4 to 9.3 MJ/kg and from 6.5 to 8.3 MJ/kg for legumes. In general, within species of grass Cynodon plectostachyus contained higher CP but was lower in NDF that resulted in much higher digestibility; a similar result was also found in Leucaena leucocephala for the legumes. The two forages also contained much higher ME than the others. In conclusion, the nutritive value of forages in North Sumatra, Indonesia during the rainy season was relatively high as ruminant feed, with the best quality noted for Cynodon plectostachyus and Leucaena leucocephala.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.97-110
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• 2000

An organic agriculture should be managed by mixed farming in farm unit as a closed recycling system. Due to restricted purchased of fertilizers from outside, organic farmer has to deal with limited amount of nutrient source in farm unit. Especially the supply of the essential nutrient, nitrogen, mostly depends on legumes fixing nitrogen optimizing the site-adapted crop rotation. Dynamics of humus and metabolic plant carbon and active soil carbon compartment in active and passive humuspool by rotation system was explained, and dynamics of potentially mineralizable nitrogen in organic nitrogen and biomass was discussed. It was also discussed comparison of ammonia emission, potential greenhouse effect, primary energy input, acidification potential, CO2 emission between organic and conventional farming, the nitrate-nitrogen dynamic in the soil profile by organic, integrated and conventional farming system. In conclusion, it was suggested for Korean Organic Agriculture that the importance of legumes and green manures in rotation system for increase/maintenance of soil ferfility, and was pointed out the need of investment for environment impact of Korean organic farming implement.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제34권s02호
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• pp.81-95
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• 1989

Environmental stresses during culture of food legumes can be classified to the three categories; the climatic stresses, pests, and public pollution. Of the researches on the climatic stresses in Korea, drought injury and lodging injury were studied more comparing with excess water injury, cooling injury, wind injury, frost injury and hail injury. Although many researches have been done on the pests, mainly on the control of pests, a few researches have been done on the basic research. Recently public pollution is considered one of major stresses during culture of crops following rapid development of industry in Korea. A few researches have been done on the air pollution and acid rain. Therefore many researches should do on the environmental stresses during culture of food legumes in the future.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.785-796
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• 2023

The aim of this study was to elucidate chemical structures and rheological properties of arabinogalactans (AGs) isolated from three legumes including black gram (BG), great northern bean (GNB), and California small white bean (CSWB). The ratio of galactose to arabinose (G/A) in three legumes increased in the order of BG > GNB > CSWB. The rheological measurements of 1-5% (w/v) AG solutions revealed Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow behaviors. BG exhibited yield stress, indicating plastic behavior. Small-amplitude oscillatory tests indicated viscoelastic properties of BG, GNB, and CSWB ranging from solid-like, paste-like, and liquid-like behaviors, respectively. Small-strain oscillatory tests were conducted to assess the structure recovery of the AGs after pre-shearing. G" values of BG and GNB increased, but those of CSWB remained constant after shearing. These results suggest that the chemical structures of the AGs, particularly their G/A ratios, influence their rheological properties.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.318-324
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• 2016

본 연구는 전남농업기술원 답리작 시험포장에서 2006년과 2007년 사이에 보리와 이탈리안 라이그래스와 각종 두과를 혼파비율을 달리한 처리하여 파종하였다. 주구는 보리 및 이탈리안 라이그래스와 자운영, 크림손클로버, 헤어리벳치, 사료용 완두였고 세구는 화본과와 두과를 각각 50:50, 60:40, 70:30 그리고 80:20이었다. 공중질소 고정량 및 이의 이동을 측정하기 위하여 질소동위원소($^{15}N(NH_4)_2SO_4$)를 2007년 4월 15일 처리 후 쿼드랏 안의 식물체를 6월 8일에 수확하여 화본과 및 두과로 분리한 후 안정성동위원소 질량분석기를 이용하여 분석하였다. 공중질소 고정률은 두과에서 화본과로, 질소이동은 차이법과 동위원소 희석법을 이용하여 구하였다. 본 실험결과의 주요내용은 동위원소 초과는 화본과에서는 차가 없었던 반면 보리와 두과와 혼파비율이 60:40인 처리에서 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 그 값은 보리와 혼파한 두과는 0에서 0.54 범위였다. 이탈리안 라이그래스와 두과 혼파에서는 초과 값이 더 높아 보리에서는 0.71에서 0.82, 두과는 0.37에서 1.01 사이였다. 공중 질소 이용비율은 보리와의 조합은 0%~49.5%, 이탈리안 라이그라스 조합은 0~60.5%의 범위로 다양한 결과를 나타내었다. 차이법에 의한 이동량 시험에서는 보리와의 조합에서 12.3~90.9 kg/ha, 이탈리안 라이그래스 조합에서는 보리보다 더 많아 31.7~107.8 kg 사이였다. 한편 동위원소 희석법에서는 보리와 두과 혼파조합은 0~36.1 kg/ha 그리고 이탈리안 라이그래스와 두과 혼파에서는 0~50.6 kg/ha로 이탈리안 라이그래스 조합이 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 차이법에 의한 질소 이동량이 동위원소 희석법보다 더 많은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.245-249
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• 1998

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.), mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilcz.], cowpea [V. unguiculata (L.) Walp.], adzuki bean [V. angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi], maize [Zea mays L.], sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], sorghum $\times$ sudangrass [So bicolor intraspecific hybrid], and Japanese millet [Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea (Link) W.F. Wight] were grown at two planting dates (18 June and 15 July) at Cheju in 1997 to select the best forage legumes adapted to Cheju Island for grass-legume forage rotation. Averaged across planting dates and cultivars, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yields were 5,646, 1,056, and 3,637 kg/ha for soybean, 4,458, 676, and 2,661 kg/ha for mungbean, 3,289, 553, and 2,055 kg/ha for cowpea, 3,931, 674, and 2,489 kg/ha for adzuki bean, 12,695, 969, and 7,642 kg/ha for maize, 17,071, 1,260, and 8,857 kg/ha for sorghum, 16,355, 1,163, and 8,543 kg/ha for sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid, and 8,288, 929, and 4,091 kg/ha for Japanese millet. Soybean was higher in CP, ether extract (EE), and TON content but was lower in nitrogen free extract content compared with the three other legumes. The legumes had much higher CP (13.7 to 21.9%), EE (2.42 to 6.23%), and TDN (58.7 to 69.9%) content but lower in crude fiber (CF) content (17.3 to 25.3%) than did the grasses tested except maize which had relatively lower CF content but higher TDN content. These results suggest that soybean could be the best forage legume for grass-legume forage rotation in the Cheju region.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.693-701
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• 2003

In order to evaluate the nutritive value of the forage plants in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, 266 samples (61 grasses and 65 legumes grown in the dry season, 60 grasses and 80 legumes grown in the rainy season) were collected from the highland and lowland in 1998 to 2000, and were subjected to the determination of chemical composition and digestibility. The least-squares analysis of variance demonstrated that the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of grasses was not significantly affected by season or altitude. On the other hand, the some proximate components and cell wall components were significantly affected by season and altitude including the season${\times}$altitude interaction. For the legumes, the in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) and cellulose content were significantly affected by season. On the other hand, the ether extract (EE) content was significantly affected by season and altitude. The interaction of the season${\times}$altitude for IVDMD, of the year${\times}$season for some proximate components and of the year${\times}$season and the season${\times}$altitude for some cell wall components were significant. These results indicate that the forages grown at highland in dry season have a relatively high quality. The means of the total digestible nutrient (TDN) content estimated from IVDMD in grasses and in legumes were 50.3% and 57.4%, respectively, and the crude protein contents were 7.7% and 17.6%, respectively. The correlation coefficients between IVDMD and the contents of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were relatively high in all of forage plants, suggesting that these components would provide an accurate prediction of digestibility or TDN content. A close relationship between IVNDFD and lignin content indicates that the lignin would be the most accurate predictor of cell wall digestibility.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.533-538
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• 1996

The rate and extent of digestion of dietary carbohydrates has a tremendous impact on ruminal fermentation and the productivity of the animals. The objective of the study was to determine the dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradabilities and rate and extent of feed byproducts (cotton seed cake, wheat bran), legumes [berseem (Egyptian clover), lucern (Medicago sativa), cowpeas (Vigna sinensis)], grasses [maize (Zea mays), millet (Panicum miliaceum), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare)] and wheat straw in ruminally fistulated male buffalo calves. By using nylon bags, 10 grams sample was exposed to the ruminal fermentation for 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 16, 24, 36, 48 and 96 hours. Dry matter and NDF degradability was measured at 48 hours. Extent of DM and NDF disappearance was determined at each time point. Rates of disappearance of DM and NDF were determined by regressing the natural logarithm of the percentage of original DM and NDF remaining in the bags between 1 and 96 hours. The dry matter digestibility (DMD) of the feed byproducts (FBP) and legume forages when incubated in the rumen of male buffalo calves were greater (p < 0.05) than grasses. Extent of digestion followed similar pattern as DMD. Rate of DMD was higher in FBP than in legumes and was the lowest in the wheat straw. The NDF degradability (NDFD) of FBP, legumes and grasses did not differ, however, wheat straw had the lowest NDFD from all the feeds tested. The lowest NDFD of wheat straw may have been due to the depressing effect of lignin on fiber digestion. The FBP and legumes had higher (p < 0.05) rates and lower extents of NDF digestion than grasses.