• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.225-228
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• 1992

The study was undertaken to determine the effect of various levels of dietary magnesium on the metabolizability of magnesium in laying Tsaiya ducks and Leghorn hens. Twenty-five Tsaiya ducks and 25 Leghorn hens were raised in individual cages. The basal diet was mainly consisted of corn starch and isolated soybean protein. At the beginning of the experiments, birds were fed the basal diet added with 500 mg/kg Mg (1070 mg/kg in total by analysis) for 10 days in order to make the birds adapt to the new diet. Then, they were randomly divided into five treatments with five birds for each treatment and fed the experimental diets containing 690, 1070, 1690, 2150 or 2380 mg/kg Mg for 21 days and during the last five days excreta were collected. The experiment was repeated three times each at the age of 25, 31 and 36 weeks. The metabolizability of magnesium in the diet was determined by the indicator method. The metabolizabilities of magnesium for Tsaiya duck and Leghorn hen were 59.9% and 62.5%, respectively as the diet contained 690 mg/kg magnesium, and were significantly decreased (p<0.05) to 39.7 and 30.7%, respectively when the dietary magnesium content was increased to 2380 mg/kg.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.247-252
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• 1999

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the laying hens on the immune response against bovine serum albumin(BSA) in egg yolk. Total 45 laying hens were divided into three groups according to breeds (White Leghorn, ISA Brown, Native hen). They were fed the experimental diet for 12 weeks. Immune response were examind in egg yolk from three groups of hens injected with BSA. The results obtained from this work were summaried as follows : 1. The weight of egg yolk and the percentage of hen-day production in the ISA Brown hens are greater than those in the Native hens and the White Leghons. 2. IgY concentrations in eggs from hens immunized with BSA were not different among the breeds laying hens. 3. The anti-BSA antibody activities determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the egg yolk were similar between the White-Leghorn and ISA Brown hens, but Native hens tended to decrease in 20∼50 days respectively. Therefore, the weight of egg yolk and the percentage of hen-day production in the ISA Brown hens are greater than those in the Native hens and the White Leghons will be as important factors for an efficient production of IgY.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.67-75
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• 1989

Studies were conducted to compare the utilization of dietary calcium between brown laying Tsaiya duck and Leghorn hen. Birds were fed corn-soybean diets containing 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0% calcium, respectively, with five birds per treatment. The metabolizability of calcium was determined by the indicator method. Experiments were conducted three times each at the age of 27, 31 and 36 weeks. Results appeared that duck eggs were heavier with better shell quality in comparison with hen eggs. Ducks fed 1% calcium diet resulted in severely depressed egg production (19%), but not for hens which still had 56% egg production. The metabolizability of calcium for hens was significantly higher than that for ducks (P<0.05) when both were fed diets containing 1 or 2% calcium. As the dietary calcium level was increased to 3 to 5%, there was no significant difference in calcium metabolizability between ducks and hens. When the dietary calcium was between 2 to 5%, the ducks retained more calcium than did the hens. Plasma calcium content for both hens and ducks fed 1% calcium diet was about the same. When the amount of the dietary calcium was increased to 2-5%, the plasma calcium level of ducks was approximately 7-10 mg/dl higher than that of hens. The calcium content in the egg shell of duck was significantly higher than that of hens, too. As the dietary calcium level was increased, there was a decreased magnesium content in the eggshell of hens, but not for ducks. The magnesium level in the eggshell was higher in hens than that in ducks. It is concluded that ducks could retain significantly more calcium and maintain higher plasma calcium level which might be the reason for larger eggs with better shell quality by ducks.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.217-224
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• 1992

The study was undertaken to determine the effect of dietary magnesium on the eggshell quality and other performance in laying Tsaiya ducks and Leghorn hens. Twenty-five Tsaiya ducks and 25 Leghorn hens were raised in individual cages. The basal diet was mainly consisted of corn starch and isolated soybean protein. At the beginning of the experiments, birds were fed for 10 days with the basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg Mg (1070 mg/kg in total by analysis) in order to allow the birds adapting to the new diet. Both Tsaiya ducks and Leghorn hens were then each randomly divided into five groups and each group of five birds were fed with the experimental diets containing 690, 1070, 1690, 2150 or 2380 mg/kg Mg, respectively for 21 days. Eggs were collected in order to measure eggshell quality, Mg and Ca content of the eggshell. At the end of the experiments, blood samples of all birds were taken from their brachial veins for measuring the concentration of Mg and Ca in the plasma. Experimental results appeared that the dietary Mg content did not significantly affect egg production, egg weight, eggshell breaking strength and thickness in both Tsaiya ducks and Leghorn hens. In Tsaiya ducks, however, the plasma Mg concentration was affected by the dietary Mg content, but the plasma Mg almost reached a plateau (4.66 mg/dl) as long as the dietary Mg level was over 1070 mg/kg. In Leghorn hens, the plasma Mg level was significantly increased from 1.66 mg/dl to 4.03 mg/dl when the dietary Mg content in the diet had been increased from 690 mg/kg to 2380 mg/kg, suggesting that the plasma Mg concentration seems to be directly influenced by the Mg absorbed in the intestine. In the Tsaiya ducks, however, the dietary Mg level did not significantly affect the eggshell Mg content (from 0.113% to 0.123%). Whereas, there was a negative correlation between the eggshell thickness and eggshell Mg content (r = -0.50, p<0.01), revealing that the increase in eggshell Mg content probably associated with the impairment of eggshell quality in Tsaiya ducks. In Leghorn hens, however, there was no significant correlation between eggshell quality and eggshell Mg content, although the Mg content in the eggshell was also increased from 0.279% to 0.427% when the dietary Mg had been elevated from 690 mg/kg to 2380 mg/kg.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.469-472
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• 2008

Necropsy was performed on a total of twenty three either white leghorn or ogol chickens which were more than 150 weeks of age. Among twenty three chickens examined, fifteen chickens were laying and the rest eight chickens were non-laying. On necropsy, neoplastic mass in the five chickens among non-laying chickens was found. These neoplastic masses were present mostly in the ovaries and one case in the liver and characterized by multifocal to coalescing 1 to 5 mm tan firm nodular formation. On histopathology, ovarian adenocarcinoma with widespread abdominal seeding and hepatic metastasis was diagnosed in the three chickens. Oviductal leiomyoma was also found in two chickens that had a focal well-demarcated nodules in the oviduct. Taken together, the number with ovarian adenocarcinoma among non-laying chickens over 150 week old was 37.5%. As most animal species do rarely develop ovarian tumors, the high rate of spontaneous ovarian adenocarcinoma in non-laying hen suggest that the hen is a proper model for human ovarian cancer study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.1062-1068
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• 2019

Objective: For many generations, most species of farm animals have been subjected to intense and strictly targeted selection for improvement of their performance traits. This has led to substantial changes in animal anatomy and physiology, which resulted in considerable differences between the current animal breeds and their wild ancestors. The aim of the study was to determine whether there is breed-specific variability in behaviour as well as differences in emotional reactivity and preferences of laying hens. Methods: The investigations involved 50 Green-legged Partridge, 50 Polbar, and 50 Leghorn hens. All birds were kept in the same conditions, and the behavioural tests were carried out at 30 weeks of age. We used the tonic immobility test and a modified open-field test including such objects as water, commercial feed, feed enriched with cereal grains, finely cut straw, and insect larvae, a sandpit, a mirror, and a shelter imitating a hen nest. Results: The research results demonstrate that the birds of the analysed breeds differ not only in the excitability and emotional reactivity but, importantly, also in the preferences for environment-enriching elements. Ensuring hens' well-being should therefore be based on environmental modifications that will facilitate acquisition of essential elements of chickens' behaviour. The greatest emotional reactivity was found in the Leghorn breed, which may be a result of correlated selection aimed at an increase in chicken productivity. Conclusion: The differences in the behaviour of the birds from the analysed breeds indicate that laying hens cannot be regarded as one group of animals with the same environmental requirements.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1977

The author confirmed the development of the smooth muscle in the oviduct proprius and anterior mesosalpinx in the leghorn, and observed that there was a variation between the action of norepinephrine on albumin-secreting portion of productive oviduct and that of non-productive one, and that $PGE_1$ might play a significant role on the activation of adrenergic ${\alpha}$-receptor in the non-productive oviduct. 1. There were many bundles of smooth muscles with irregular directions, which were identified in the both oviduct proprius and anterior mesosalpinx by Mallory aniline-blue orange G stain. 2. In vitro experiments, the anterior mesosalpinx was always relaxed by norepinephrine. While the albumin-secreting portion of non-productive period of oviduct was relaxed, but that of the productive one contracted by norepinephrine. Both the anterior mesosalpinx and oviduct proprius of chick responsed with relaxation to norepinephrine as shown in the non-productive hen. In vivo experiments, norepinephrine injected through the jugular vein increased the intraoviductal pressure in the productive oviduct, but decreased that in the non-productive one. 3. By treatment with $PGE_1$, in vitro, the relaxation induced not only by norepinephrine, but by periarterial electrical stimulation was converted into contraction, and in the presence of phentolamine, this conversion by $PGE_1$ was not shown. 4. The intra-oviductal pressure of the productive hen treated with indomethacin for 4 days was decreased by norepinephrine, but the increase in pressure by $PGE_1$ or $PGE_{2{\alpha}}$ was supersensitized when these drugs were administered through jugular vein. However, in vivo, the relaxation by norepinephrine was not converted into the stimulation after $PGE_1$ treatment. It might be summarized that the regulation of intra-oviductal pressure was dependent on the summation of the movement of both oviduct and mesosalpinx and intramurally produced prostaglandins contributes to the inherent tone of the prcductive oviduct by activating adrenergic ${\alpha}$-receptor.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2019

본 연구는 지난 25년간 농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원에서 수집 보존되어온 한국토종닭 12종의 생산능력에 대한 특성을 제시하고자 한 것으로 종별 생존능력, 산육능력 및 산란능력을 분석하였다. 생산 형질의 조사는 총 1,134수를 대상으로 하여 생존율, 체중, 시산일령, 산란율, 산란지수, 난중 및 난질 지표를 측정하였다. 분석 결과, 생존율은 토착로드-D종 및 한국재래닭 백색종이 92.2%로 가장 우수하였으며, 토착코니시 갈색종이 54.3%로 가장 저조하였다. 4주령부터 50주령까지 체중 측정 결과, 토착코니시종, 토착로드종, 한국재래닭, 한국오계, 토착레그혼종의 순으로 지속적으로 높은 체중을 나타내었다. 품종 내 계통 및 내종간 체중의 차이는 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 시산일령은 토착레그혼종이 가장 빨랐고, 토착코니시종이 가장 늦었다. 시산 이후 57주까지 일계산란율은 토착레그혼-K종이 76.7%로 가장 높았고, 토착코니시 갈색종이 10.8%로 가장 낮았다. 난중은 토착레그혼-F종이 가장 무거웠으며, 한국재래닭 백색종이 가장 가벼웠다. 호우유닛은 토착로드-C종이 가장 높았으며, 한국오계가 가장 낮았다. 이상의 결과들을 종합할 때, 토착코니시종의 경우 우수한 산육능력을 바탕으로 한국형 육용종으로 개량함이 바람직하고, 토착레그혼종은 비교적 높은 산란능력을 바탕으로 한국형 난용종으로 육성함이 바람직하며, 한국재래닭 및 토착로드종은 우수한 생존능력을 기반으로 강건성 품종으로 개량하는 것이 적합하다고 판단된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2023

본 연구는 산란능력이 우수한 토종 산란형 종계를 개발하기 위하여 토착 로드종(Rhode-C, -D), 토착 레그혼종(Leghorn-F, -K) 및 한국재래계 황갈색종(KNC-Y), 총 5계통을 이용하여 5 × 5 이면교배조합(diallel cross-mating) 검정시험을 실시하였다. 생산능력의 검정은 10개 교배조합 1,060수를 대상으로 생존율, 체중, 초산일령, 난중 및 산란율을 조사하고, 조합별 생산능력 및 결합능력을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 발생 후부터 48주령까지 전체 조합의 평균 생존율은 72.1±24.0%이고, 조합 간 유의적 차이를 보이며 YC조합의 생존율이 가장 높았고, DK조합의 생존율이 가장 낮았다(P<0.01). 결합능력 분석 결과, YC조합의 일반결합능력이 가장 높게 추정되었고, YD조합은 두 계통 간 특정결합능력이 가장 높았다. 체중의 경우, 모든 측정 주령에서 조합 간 유의한 차이가 있었는데 토착 Leghorn종과의 조합 자손들이 토착 Rhode종 및 한국재래계와의 조합 자손들보다 낮은 체중을 보였다(P<0.01). 초산일령 또한 조합 간 유의한 차이를 보이며 KNC-Y와의 교잡 자손들이 토착 Rhode종과의 교잡 자손들 보다 대체로 빠른 초산을 나타내었다(P<0.01). 산란율에 있어, 평균 일계산란율은 70.7±12.0%로써, 조합 간에 유의한 차이를 보이며 이들 중 CK조합이 86%로 가장 높은 산란율을 나타내었다(P<0.01). 산란율의 일반결합능력과 특정결합능력이 조합가에 미치는 영향은 거의 비슷한 것으로 일반결합능력은 Rhode-C가 가장 우수하였고, 교배조합 간 특정결합능력은 YD조합이 가장 높게 나타났다. 시산 및 40주령 난중 모두 조합 간의 유의한 차이를 보였고(P<0.01), 토착 Rhode종과 토착 Leghorn종 간 교잡 자손의 달걀이 KNC-Y 교잡 자손들의 달걀보다 무거웠다. 이상의 결과에 따라 산란형 토종닭 종계로서 부계는 생존율이 우수하고 산란율이 양호한 YC나 YD조합이, 모계는 산란능력이 우수하며 적절한 난중을 지닌 CF와 CK조합이 가장 바람직한 조합으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 1987

본 연구는 백색레그흔 산란계에 있어서 초산후 일령의 1일중 방란시간의 경과가 란중, 란각질, 란형계수에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 1986년 9월 1일부터 1987년 1월 6일까지 약 4개월간에 걸쳐 산란계 150수를 가지고 시험을 실시한 결과, 초산후 일령이 경과함에 따라 방란비율이 오전중에는 감소했고 오후에는 증가했다. 란중은 270일령까지는 증가속도가 빨랐으나 그 이후에는 둔화되었다. 란각두께는 일령이 경과함에 따라 얇아졌고 란각강도도 일령이 경과됨에 따라 저하되었으며 란형계수는 커졌다. 1일중 방란시간이 늦어짐에 따라 란중은 점차 가벼워졌으며 발란시간에 대한 란중의 회귀계수는 -0.6788--0.4170로 방란시간이 1시간 늦어짐에 따라 란중은 0.4170-0.6788g이 가벼워졌다. 란각두께는 방란시간이 1시간 늦어짐에 따라 0.00377-0.00643mm씩 두꺼워졌으며 란각강도는 방란시간이 1시간 늦어짐에 따라 0.0287-0.0349kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$씩 향상되었다. 그러나 란형계수는 방란시간과 서로 상호관계가 없는 것으로 사료된다.