• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.117-128
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• 2024

In this paper, we propose a process for deriving priority tasks using the legal design technique in a situation where there is high uncertainty in the market and legal system regarding the commercialization of security tokens based on blockchain and distributed ledger technology. To issue and distribute securities tokens, we conducted a legal design workshop with participants who applied for innovative financial services (financial regulatory sandbox). During the workshop, participants harmonized their interests and deliberated on readiness, considering both legal and technical factors. The aim was to ascertain the feasibility of identifying prioritized objectives for future endeavors. The legal design technique facilitates consensus-building among stakeholders in an uncertain environment by confirming and adjusting differing perspectives and disagreements based on mutual understanding. The key stages include the empathetic process called "Family Therapy," the "N whys" for problem definition, and the speculative scenario design for problem-solving. This approach distinguishes itself from user-centered design thinking. Given the diverse stakeholders involved, effective facilitation by the facilitator is crucial during the legal design workshop preparation and execution.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.41-62
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• 2023

Purpose - This paper examines whether the imposition of countervailing duties by the United States on undervalued foreign currency is legally consistent with the WTO's SCM Agreement. Design/methodology - The study uses a methodology that involves analyzing relevant WTO agreements, prior panel reports, Appellate Body decisions, and other legal documents. Findings - The findings suggest that to impose countervailing duties, certain legal requirements must be met, including financial contribution, benefit, and specificity. The paper also notes that when calculating the benefits of undervalued foreign currency, losses from import activities due to currency undervaluation must be considered. Additionally, classifying all exports to the US under specific industries or business groups is likely to be inconsistent with the SCM Agreement. Originality/value - Even the US countervailing measures on exchange rate subsidies may not comply with WTO regulations due to incorrect calculation of benefits and a lack of specificity, however, it suggests that when intervening in the foreign exchange market, the measures should aim to achieve only minimum policy goals.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.103-114
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• 2019

From the "Recommendation on the Safeguarding of the Beauty and Character Landscapes and Sites"(1962) to the "ICOMOS-IFLA Document on Historic Urban Public Parks"(2017), 'the spatial safeguarding Concept of Cultural Heritage' in International Norms has manifested in various types. In this article, 24 types of International Norms that reflect 'the concept of Spatial Safeguarding in Cultural Heritage' and Korea legal system such as 'Historical and Cultural Environment' were analyzed in the following two aspects. The first aspect is 'Object Type to safeguard' and analyzed in four types such as 'Groups of buildings(A type)', 'Surrounding, Environment, Setting(B type)', 'Cultural landscape(C type)', 'Historic area and Historic towns(D type)'. The second aspect is 'Safeguarding value(analysis elements)' and analyzed in the following tree elements ; 'Landscape value' such as skyline, 'Intangible value' such as the functions of cultural customs, and 'Ecological value' that should preserve life itself. As a result of the study, 'the concept of Spatial Safeguarding in Cultural Heritage' including C and D type and three value which are trends of International Norms are reflected in Korea legal system, and concrete safeguarding methodology is also implemented systematically in case of ecological value. However, intangible values are not specific to the methodology in both International norms and Korea legal systems, and should be developed in the future.

• Architectural research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2024

This study introduces a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based methodology for optimizing apartment space arrangements, addressing the limitations of human capability in evaluating all potential spatial configurations. Leveraging computational power, the methodology facilitates the autonomous exploration and evaluation of innovative layout options, considering architectural principles, legal standards, and client re-quirements. Through comprehensive simulation tests across various apartment types, the research demonstrates the DRL approach's effec-tiveness in generating efficient spatial arrangements that align with current design trends and meet predefined performance objectives. The comparative analysis of AI-generated layouts with those designed by professionals validates the methodology's applicability and potential in enhancing architectural design practices by offering novel, optimized spatial configuration solutions.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2022

Purpose - It is chaotic when doing a business without legal patterns and rules; individuals who make legal decisions without legal consideration are often protecting their interests and forgetting others. This study aims to suggest key solutions how companies can make better decision based on legal considerations through investigation comprehensive literature analysis. Research design, Data, and methodology - This research conducted qualitative textual method and a technique called 'Qualitative Comparative Analysis' (QCA) can be used to understand better why certain things change while others do not. In tough situations, QCA is a strategy for comparing several occurrences. Result - Total six considerations were founded by the QCA for better corporate decision. Based on these considerations, all stakeholders, shareholders, and every employee should nominate and vote on one person to be their leader in the organization; fair practices in choosing the governor of the organization through legal binding will bring peace and order to the company. Conclusion - It was time consuming to go through every detailed material that entails legal consideration in making corporate decision. The concept of same profile in the research is critical whereby many authors are using same concept to write their articles and books. Using pure concept from one source limits the research and gives inadequate information.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2019

Purpose: Children's swimming pools are picking up faster than the other types of swimming pool. Yet, safety law-related studies are still lack. This study is to review legal status of children's swimming pool in Korea and to discuss the related legal issues for safety management of children's swimming pool. Research design, data, and methodology: The study reviewed law and clauses for sport facility management and related legal clauses with chilren's swimming pool management, and sport facility-related articles. Results: Safety management of children's swimming pool should currently follow law for sport and physical education facility management because of no its own legal norm for children's swimming pool. Given this, specific law and clauses for children's pool management need to be legislated to prevent risks for children and to satisfy specific safety factors considering careless behavior of children. Conclusions: Regarding this, the study points out five suggestions. First, law should be established to make notification of safety rules mandatory and this notification should be placed in the pool. This notification would be better effective if it is visualized. Second, according to law, safety 7 rules of children' s swimming pool need to be legistrated and educated for pool managers to obey them. Pool managers could also add their own rules to the 7 rules. Finally, preparation of emergency kits and safety devices need to be mandatory in the pool. Further implications were discussed.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.6-9
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• 2019

Purpose - This research mainly studied with the promotion of "one belt and one road "initiative's strategy and the construction of China, Japan and South Korea Free Trade Zone, China exports urgently needed industrial products to Japan and South Korea, which will not only help digest excess industrial capacity, optimize China's industrial structure, but also promote the economic development of Japan and South Korea. Research design, data, and Methodology - The study conducted a survey on 2018 year new revision of China-Korea Japan's data. Results -This study shows that In this process, multinational enterprises, as pioneers of economic development, play an irreplaceable role. However, due to the differences between laws of different countries and their own corporate culture concepts, enterprises in different countries will inevitably encounter various conflicts in the process of development. Conclusions -This requires our enterprises to have awareness of legal risk prevention in the process of development, and to study the corporate culture of relevant enterprises to truly achieve win-win cooperation.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.71-83
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• 2016

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and evaluate discovery layer search tools for retrieval of legal information in Indian law libraries. This paper covers current practices in legal information retrieval with special reference to Indian academic law libraries, and analyses its importance in the domain of law.Design/Methodology/Approach. A web survey and observational study method are used to collect the data. Data related to the discovery tools were collected using email and further discussion held with the discovery layer/ tool /product developers and their representatives.Findings. Results show that most of the Indian law libraries are subscribing to bundles of legal information resources such as Hein Online, JSTOR, LexisNexis Academic, Manupatra, Westlaw India, SCC web, AIR Online (CDROM), and so on. International legal and academic resources are compatible with discovery tools because they support various standards related to online publishing and dissemination such as OAI/PMH, Open URL, MARC21, and Z39.50, but Indian legal resources such as Manupatra, Air, and SCC are not compatible with the discovery layers. The central index is one of the important components in a discovery search interface, and discovery layer services/tools could be useful for Indian law libraries also if they can include multiple legal and academic resources in their central index. But present practices and observations reveal that discovery layers are not providing facility to cover legal information resources. Therefore, in the present form, discovery tools are not very useful; they are an incomplete and half solution for Indian libraries because all available Indian legal resources available in the law libraries are not covered.Originality/Value. Very limited research or published literature is available in the area of discovery layers and their compatibility with legal information resources.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.7-18
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper attempts to provide an understanding of practice of franchising in eight countries - USA, UK, Australia, Brazil, China, Malaysia, South Africa and Nigeria. The bases of the review are: number of systems and outlets, employment generation, annual turnover, GDP contribution, legal and regulatory frameworks and country-specific franchise business practice nuances. Research design, data and methodology - the paper is descriptive, highlighting elements of the business practice that distinguish one country from another. Documentary data - mainly industry publications supplemented by empirical literature - was used for the review. Result - Although there are commonalities in the technical design and implementation of franchise business practice - especially the business model type - differences exist in terms of legal and regulatory frameworks guiding the industry across the eight countries studied. Conclusion - There are no two countries that have the same franchise practices. Franchise markets in the developed, and to some extent, the emerging economies have saturated. Franchise markets in African countries are at infant stage and thus, these countries are strategizing to attract foreign brands into their domains.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.23-29
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• 2013

Purpose - Recently, the Korean government is seeking to internationalize KRW and reduce its heavy reliance on the U.S. dollar and better cope with risks from external turbulence. However, there has been too little study on this subject in comparision with its importance. The main objective of the paper is to distinguish the descrete stages of the KRW internationalization and recognize the costs and benefits of each stage. Research design, data, methodology - In order to achieve its goal, this study accomplishes a formal policy analysis based on potential factors of currency internationalization and an examination of legal practices in relation to Foreign Exchange Transaction Regulation (the Regulation). Results - This study found that securing monetary policy may not be easy under liberalized capital account for a small open economy like Korea in view of the trillema. In addition, the inherent ambiguity of the Regulation may increase the costs of KRW internationalization. Conclusions-This study revealed the negative system for the control of foreign exchange of the Korean government. The excessive regulatory restrictions on foreign exchange may hinder the process of KRW internationalization. Some legal and policy reforms are needed to improve related regulation and infrastructure.