• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2019

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of leg lift difference on the serratus anterior muscle and the upper trapezius muscle when a subject with winged scapula performs a scapula protraction exercise in a four-leg crawling posture. Method: Twenty normal adults and 20 subjects with winged scapula participated in the experiment. Surface EMG recordings were collected from serratus anterior muscle and back trapezius muscle during scapula protraction exercises. Scapular winging is measured with the lifting distance of scapula retraction to the back using an electronic digital caliper. In two groups of four-leg crawling posture, the two legs support, the dominant leg lifting, and the non-dominant leg lifting, including the scapula protraction, were performed. To examine the difference between groups in the variance analysis, the Bonferroni correction was used (significance level ${\alpha}=.017$). Statistical significance level ${\alpha}$ was .05. Results: There was a significant difference in serratus anterior muscle and upper trapezius muscle during push-up plus exercise in leg lifting in four-leg crawling posture, but there were no significant differences in muscle activity between serratus anterior muscle and upper trapezius muscle, and there was no significant difference according to the presence or absence of scapular winging. Conclusion: For the shoulder stability of the ipsilateral side with the serratus anterior muscle, the leg-lifting posture is effective in the four-leg crawling, and also when a subject with winged scapula chooses an exercise, lifting the ipsilateral side of leg with scapula protraction exercises at the same time may have a positive effect on scapula dysfunction.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the changes that occur in the leg muscle activity of unstable surface with different levels of air pressures. Three groups of college students have been placed randomly on unstable surfaces with different air pressures at group 1.0 psi ($n_1$=36), group 1.4 psi ($n_2$=40), and group 1.8 psi ($n_3$=40). Using surface electromyography, the recruitment of the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, and the gastrocnemius was measured. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction was measured at the different air pressures based on the manual muscle test, then normalizing the value to %maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). The tibialis anterior muscle activity was significant change from the unstable surface with difference levels of air pressures between group 1.0 psi and 1.8 psi and between group 1.4 psi and 1.8 psi. peroneus longus muscle activity was significant changes in muscle activity occurred between 1.0 psi and 1.4 psi group and between 1.0 psi and 1.8 psi group. Gastrocnemius muscle activity was significant change in muscle activity occurred between 1.0 psi and 1.4 psi group and between 1.0 psi and 1.8 psi group. In conclusion it identify that 1.0 psi group is most effective on muscle activity than the other groups. These suggest that the rehabilitation or strengthening of patients with ankle injuries, balance exercise with low air pressure like 1.0 psi can be more effective.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.253-258
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of internal abdominis pressure(normal, hollowing and bracing) on trunk muscle activity during one leg bridge exercise. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirteen healthy adults (9 men and 4 women) were instructed to perform Internal abdominal pressure(IAP) control(Normal, Hollowing, Bracing) during one leg bridge. Electromyography (EMG) data (% Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction, MVIC) were recorded three times on both sides of the participant's Internal Oblique(IO), Effector Spinae(ES), and Multifidus(MF) muscles and the average value was analyzed. Results: As a result, Abdominal bracing one leg bridge (BOLB) group and Abdominal hollowing one leg bridge (HOLB) group showed significantly increased muscle activation of bilateral internal oblique, erector spinae and multifidus activation compared to the Normal one leg bridge (NOLB) group (p<0.05). Abdominal hollowing one leg bridge (HOLB) group had a significant difference in bilateral Internal oblique muscle activation in compared to the NOLB group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Bilateral internal oblique, erector spinae, and multifidus muscles activation in healthy adults at one leg bridge exercise showed greater activation at abdominal bracing. Therefore, in this study, IAP control can be used as an indicator of choice to the dysfunction with trunk muscle weakness and corrective exercise subject's situation when the goal is to activate the trunk muscles by performing one leg bridge.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of leg lift difference on serratus and upper trapezius when exercising in a scapula in a prone position, a typical waist stabilization exercise for subjects with a winged scapula. Method: Twenty normal adults and 20 subjects with winged scapula participated in the experiment. The surface EMG recordings were obtained from external oblique muscle and internal oblique muscle during scapula protraction exercise. The presence or absence of winging of the shoulder bone was measured using an electronic digital caliper for the distance the medial border of the scapula is lifted to the rear. In prostrate pier movement posture in both groups, both legs supporting, dominant leg lifting, and non-dominant leg lifting including the scapula protraction were conducted respectively. Results: In the results of comparison between the two groups, the dominant external oblique muscle and the non-dominant internal oblique muscle tended to increase according to the difference of the leg lifting of normal people. In the winged scapula group, internal oblique muscle showed increased muscle activity more than external oblique muscle. Conclusion: It was most effective to exercise with lifting the same position leg for strengthening the same external oblique muscle, and the opposite internal oblique muscle. Also, it is effective to exercise in prone pier movement posture for trunk stability. In addition, internal oblique muscle shows increased muscle activity in subjects with winged scapula. Therefore, appropriate adjustment of external oblique muscle and internal oblique muscle may have a positive effect on scapula dysfunction for trunk stability.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.281-286
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• 2020

Objective: This study examined the effects of dynamic tape applied to the patellofemoral joint on the knee valgus angle, muscle activity, and ground reaction force during a single leg squat (SLS) and single leg landing (SLL). Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty-four subjects (11 male, 13 female) who met the inclusion criteria were screened by the knee palpation and patella compression tests. First, the knee valgus angle and muscle activity during SLS were measured. Second, the knee valgus angle and ground reaction force during SLL were measured. For the intervention, a patella joint loop using dynamic tape was used. The knee valgus angle, muscle activities in SLS and SLL after the intervention, and the ground reaction force were measured in the same way. A paired t-test was used to examine the difference between before and after the intervention. Results: The knee valgus angle showed a statistically significant improvement after dynamic taping application in SLS and SLL (p<0.05). The differences in muscle activity of the VL/VMO and ground reaction forces were not statistically significant after dynamic taping application in SLS and SLL. Conclusions: This study showed that dynamic taping applied around the patellofemoral joint was effective in improving the knee valgus angle in SLS and SLL and had a reduced risk of secondary injury during sports activity.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.319-326
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of modified ankle movement patterns on participants' active dorsiflexion range of motion and leg muscle activity. Methods: This study recruited twenty-five participants, all of whom were healthy individuals with no abnormalities in the ankle or knee joints. The research methodology involved measuring the active dorsiflexion range of motion and muscle activity in each person's legs based on the presence or absence of toe extension while the subjects were in a comfortable, supine position. A statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0, and a paired samples t-test was employed. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: When the participants demonstrated the modified ankle movement pattern with a controlled toe grip, there was an increase in their active dorsiflexion angle. However, during the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique without a controlled toe grip, a higher level of activity was observed in the leg muscles. Conclusion: The results of this study could be used as foundational data for establishing a rehabilitation exercise program designed to enhance range of motion and muscle activation in the ankle joint.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.33-37
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• 2010

Purpose : We investigated the effects of the insole types on lower leg muscle activation during treadmill walking. The three insole types investigated for this study were normal insole, medial wedge insole, and viscoheel. Methods : Participants were assigned into three groups. People with foot transformation were excluded from this study. Each participant walked for ten minutes. The first day we applied a normal insole. On the second day, a medial wedge insole was applied. Finally, on the last day a viscoheel was applied. After walking on a treadmill for ten minutes, we measured muscle activation in lower leg muscles (gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior). Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle activity. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures to determine the statistical significance. Results : The results of this study were summarized as follows. While walking on the treadmill, root mean square (RMS) values of the gastrocnemius when the viscoheel was applied were significantly lower than the other insole types. There was no significant difference for the RMS values for the tibialis anterior using viscoheel. The normal insole and viscoheel insole were significantly different in a post hoc analysis. However, there was no significant difference for normal insole and medial wedge insole. Conclusion : Using a viscoheel insole decreases muscle activity of the lower leg. Therefore, in conclusion, the viscoheel insole type reduces the load on the lower leg during walking.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.308-313
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of sex hormones across menstrual cycle phases on knee muscle activity during one-leg landing in non-athletic females. Methods: Twenty-six healthy females who reported normal menstrual cycles for the previous three months were tested when estrogen levels were highest (ovulation) and lowest (menstruation). Knee muscle activity was analyzed based on electromyography (EMG) data recorded during landing on a 30-cm box. Before data collection, each subject was trained in single-leg landing tasks ten times. Landing was analyzed by measuring the average of three landing tasks. EMG data were collected between the moment of ground contact and the point of knee maximum flexion. The maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) for normalization that was recorded as the EMG root-mean-square (RMS) during landing was tested, with paired t-tests used to assess differences in knee muscle activity according to menstrual cycle phases. Results: The results showed that the soleus, semitendinosus, and lateral gastrocnemius muscle activity during landing was differed significantly during ovulation compared to that during menstruation (p<0.05). No significant differences in vastus medialis activity were found between menstrual and ovulatory phases during landing (p>0.05). Conclusion: Changes in the menstrual cycle in response to sex hormones changed the activity of muscles around the knee during landing. Females utilize different muscle activity control strategies during different phases of the menstrual cycle, which may contribute to increased ACL injury risk.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.216-222
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• 2012

Purpose: Weight-bearing exercise is a type of physical exercise that is widely performed for rehabilitation after acquiring nervous-system diseases or sports-related injuries. It is one of the most commonly prescribed rehabilitation programs for strengthing of the lower extremities. Weight-bearing exercise is important for the conduct of such activity of daily living (ADLs) as walking, and up and down the stairs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle activities during one-leg standing and one-leg squatting, the two most representative weight-bearing exercises. Methods: A total of 43 elderly (60~70 years old) males who could perform weight-bearing exercises were included in the study. During the one-leg standing and one-leg squatting, the electromyographic (EMG) signals were quantified as maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) using surface EMG, and then the muscle activities of the lower extremities during the two exercises were compared. For statistical analysis, an independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed. Results: The results of the study are as follows: (1) in the one-leg standing, the activity of the gluteus medius was the greatest among the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, bicep femoris, (2) in the one-leg squatting, the activity of the vastus medialis was the greatest; and (3) the activity was greater in the one-leg squatting than in the single-leg standing exercise. Conclusion: The one-leg standing and squatting exercises are suitable for strengthening the muscles for the prevention of and recovery from lower-extremity injury, and for functional ADL in elderly people. In addition, dynamic exercise was shown to be more effective than static exercise for strengthening the muscles.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the surface electromyography(EMG) activity of trunk region muscle between normal subjects and chronic low back pain(CLBP) patients during one leg stance. Methods : The subjects were 27 people, were consisted of 12 subjects who don't have low back pain and 15 subjects who have low back pain from 19 to 28 year of age(mean age 22.22). We used surface EMG to evaluate the activity of the Rectus abdominis, External abdominal oblique, Quadratus lumborum, Gluteus medius muscle. We used independent two samples t-test for statistical data. Results : The result of this study showed that the maximal voluntary isometric contraction(%MVIC) ratio of the trunk muscles was higher in patients with CLBP than in normal subject. But there were no statistically significant differences. There were statistically significant differences of the activity of the Quadratus lumborum, Gluteus medius muscle(p<0.05).