• Title/Summary/Keyword: Left hand

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Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Properties of Cholesteryloxycarbonated and (Cholesteryloxycarbonyl) alkanoated Celluloses (콜레스테릴옥시카본화 그리고 (콜레스테릴옥시카보닐)알카노화 셀룰로오스들의 열방성 액정 특성)

  • Jeong, Seung-Yong;Ma, Yung-Dae
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.169-177
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    • 2008
  • The thermal and optical properties of cellulose tri(cholesteryloxy) carbonate(CCE0) and cellulose tri(cholesteryloxycarbonyl)alkanoates (CCEn, n=$2{\sim}8$, 10, the number of methylene units in the spacer) were investigated. CCE0 formed an enantiotropic cholesteric phase, whereas all the CCEn exhibited monotropic cholesteric phases. CCEn with n=$3{\sim}8$ formed cholesteric phases with left-handed helical structures whose optical pitches (${\lambda}_m's$) decrease with increasing temperature. On the other hand, CCE0 and CCEn with n=2 or 10 did not display reflection colors over the full cholesteric range, suggesting that the helical twisting power of the cholesteryl group highly depends on the length of the spacer connecting the cholesteryl group to the main chain. The thermal stability and degree of order in the mesophase and the temperature dependence of the ${\lambda}_m$ observed for CCEn highly depended on n. The results were discussed in terms of the differences in the internal plasticization, the arrangement of the side groups, and the conformation of the molecules.

Health Hazardous Substances in Construction Work in Korea (건설업 근로자의 유해 작업 환경 노출 실태에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Jae-Wook;Mun, Jung-Soo;Kim, Jeong-Ah;Won, Jeong-Il;Park, Hee-Chan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.74-92
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    • 2000
  • This study was performed to evaluate the working conditions In construction workers through measurements of working environments and to improve the working conditions and to design the appropriate environmental and health management system. The results of measurement for working environments in construction work are as following: 1. The excess rate of noise and dust concentration in express highway construction, road construction, building construction and interior painting was 28.6% and 24.5% respectively. 2. The excess rate of mixed organic solvents concentration in interior painting was 39.3%. 3. The chain type bulldozer has the highest level of vibration; the excess rate was 85.7%, and among the vibration instruments, the level of left hand's vibration of all vibrators exceeded the criterion and in the case of drilling all the level of vibration exceeded the criterion in both hands. On the basis of the results in this research the environmental and health management system for construction workers must be considered. Therefore, it is necessary to be introduced the special medical examination and measurement of working environments in construction industry. In defining "the working place" of Article 39 of Enforcement regulations of industrial safety and health act, the word "indoors" should be deleted. Then the eligible industry for measurement of working environment must be extended. And it is also necessary for construction industry to be performed group health management service by agencies such as other manufacturing industry.

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The Examination of Reliability of Lower Limb Joint Angles with Free Software ImageJ

  • Kim, Heung Youl
    • Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.583-595
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    • 2015
  • Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of lower limb joint angles computed with the software ImageJ during jumping movements. Background: Kinematics is the study of bodies in motion without regard to the forces or torques that may produce the motion. The most common method for collecting motion data uses an imaging and motion-caption system to record the 2D or 3D coordinates of markers attached to a moving object, followed by manual or automatic digitizing software. Above all, passive optical motion capture systems (e.g. Vicon system) have been regarded as the gold standards for collecting motion data. On the other hand, ImageJ is used widely for an image analysis as free software, and can collect the 2D coordinates of markers. Although much research has been carried out into the utilizations of the ImageJ software, little is known about their reliability. Method: Seven healthy female students participated as the subject in this study. Seventeen reflective markers were attached on the right and left lower limbs to measure two and three-dimensional joint angular motions. Jump performance was recorded by ten-vicon camera systems (250Hz) and one digital video camera (240Hz). The joint angles of the ankle and knee joints were calculated using 2D (ImageJ) and 3D (Vicon-MX) motion data, respectively. Results: Pearson's correlation coefficients between the two methods were calculated, and significance tests were conducted (${\alpha}=1%$). Correlation coefficients between the two were over 0.98. In Vicon-MX and ImageJ, there is no systematic error by examination of the validity using the Bland-Altman method, and all data are in the 95% limits of agreement. Conclusion: In this study, correlation coefficients are generally high, and the regression line is near the identical line. Therefore, it is considered that motion analysis using ImageJ is a useful tool for evaluation of human movements in various research areas. Application: This result can be utilized as a practical tool to analyze human performance in various fields.

REGIONAL THICKNESS OF PARIETAL BONE IN KOREAN ADULTS (한국인 성인에서 두정골의 부위별 두께에 대한 연구)

  • Cha, In-Ho;Kim, Hee-Jin;Jeong, Young-Soo;Yi, Choong-Kook;Chung, In-Hyuk
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.269-273
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    • 1998
  • To clarify the clinical utility of the calvarial bone graft in the maxillofacial reconstruction, we performed on anatomical study by measuring the regional thickness of the parietal bone on 17 Korean adult dry skulls. Before the sectioning the calvarium, the anatomical landmarks were marked on each specimens. And then we measured the total thickness of the parietal bone, the thickness of the outer and inner cortical plates on various points in each sections of parietal bones using a digital caliper under the stereomicroscope. The total thickness of the parietal bone was ranged from 5.17mm to 7.50mm, and there were no statistical difference in the total thickness of the parietal bone on the same points bilaterally. But there was a tendency that the thickness of the parietal bone was thicker toward to the lambda point than the coronal suture area. At the other hand, the thickness of the outer and inner plate of the parietal bone was the thickest at the first point of the right aspect on the line 1, the first point of the left aspect on the line 5, respectively. In conclusion, this study showed that the donor site of the parietal bone for the maxillofacial reconstruction should be located at more posterior and medial area of the parietal bone than the prevalent known donor site.

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Lymphatic vessel mapping in the upper extremities of a healthy Korean population

  • Lee, Yun-Whan;Lee, Soo-Hyun;You, Hi-Jin;Jung, Jae-A;Yoon, Eul-Sik;Kim, Deok-Woo
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.152-157
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    • 2018
  • Background Intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography can effectively detect functioning lymph vessels in edematous limbs. However, it is sometimes difficult to clearly identify their course in later-stage edematous limbs. For this reason, many surgeons rely on experience when they decide where to make the skin incision to locate the lymphatic vessels. The purpose of this study was to elucidate lymphatic vessel flow patterns in healthy upper extremities in a Korean population and to use these findings as a reference for lymphedema treatment. Methods ICG fluorescence lymphography was performed by injecting 1 mL of ICG into the second web space of the hand. After 4 hours, fluorescence images of lymphatic vessels were obtained with a near-infrared camera, and the lymphatic vessels were marked. Three landmarks were designated: the radial styloid process, the mid-portion of the cubital fossa, and the lower border of the deltopectoral groove. A straight line connecting the points was drawn, and the distance between the connected lines and the marked lymphatic vessels was measured at 8 points. Results There were 30 healthy upper extremities (15 right and 15 left). The average course of the main lymph vessels passed $26.0{\pm}11.6mm$ dorsal to the styloid process, $5.7{\pm}40.7mm$ medial to the mid-cubital fossa, and $31.3{\pm}26.1mm$ medial to the three-quarters point of the upper landmark line. Conclusions The main functioning lymphatic vessel follows the course of the cephalic vein at the forearm level, crosses the mid-cubital point, and travels medially toward the mid-axilla.

Effect of a Li2O Additive on the Sintering Behavior of UO2 in the H2 and CO2 Atmospheres

  • Kim, Si-Hyung;Joung, Chang-Young;Kim, Yeon-Gu;Lee, Soo-Chul;Kim, Ban-Soo;Na, Sang-Ho;Lee, Young-Woo;Suhr, Dong-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.41 no.8
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    • pp.567-572
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    • 2004
  • The variation of the sintered density and grain size of UO$_2$ as a function of the Li$_2$O amount and sintering atmosphere was observed. Li$_2$O enhanced the grain growth of the UO$_2$ pellet in H$_2$, but rather hindered it in $CO_2$ atmosphere. Grain size of the UO$_2$ and UO$_2$-0.1 wt%Li$_2$O pellets was, respectively, 8 $\mu$m and 100 $\mu$m at 168$0^{\circ}C$ in the H$_2$ atmosphere, and that of each pellet was, respectively, 24 $\mu$m and 17 $\mu$m at the same temperature in the $CO_2$ atmosphere. As-received Li$_2$O powder, which had been composed of Li$_2$O and LiOH, was converted to the Li$_2$CO$_3$ phase after heating to 80$0^{\circ}C$ in $CO_2$. On the other hand, the Li$_2$O and LiOH phases remained unchanged in H$_2$ atmosphere. In the H$_2$, the as-received Li$_2$O powder began to evaporate at about 105$0^{\circ}C$ and then about 20 wt% residue was left at 150$0^{\circ}C$. But, most of the Li elements evaporated at 150$0^{\circ}C$ in the $CO_2$ atmosphere.

A Stereo Matching Algorithm with Image Fuzzification (이미지 퍼지화를 이용한 스테레오 정합 알고리즘)

  • Chung, Young-June;Jun, Hyo-Byung;Sim, Kwee-Bo
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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    • v.8 no.6
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    • pp.85-90
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    • 1998
  • The most important step image processing is stereo matching process. That is finding pixels of 3 dimensional pair in the left and right image. There are two matching methods. One is an area based approach and the other is a feature based approach. An area based approach needs much calculation time. In the other hand, we have the advantage of calculation time in the feature based approach, but can not obtain matched data for all pixels in the image. In recent years, fuzzy image processing methods are developed to manage vagueness and noise in image and ambiguous, inconsistent knowledge in recognition step. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy stereo matching algorithm. This method converts brightness data of image to fuzzy membership value and processes an area based approach method for stereo matching algorithm. We experiment with some stereo images to validate effectiveness of this algorithm.

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A Case of Post-stroke Rhythmic Akathisia (뇌졸중후 율동성 정좌불능증 1예)

  • Seo, Man-Wook;Oh, Sun-Young;Sung, Kyong-Mi;Shin, Byoung-Soo;Kim, Young-Hyun
    • Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.133-136
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    • 2002
  • Dyskinesia can occur as a neurological abnormality due to stroke, and its incidence in stroke patients is reported to be about 1%. It is possible to classify dyskinesia into one of the morphologic types already classified clinically. However, a specific type of dyskinesia can occur; one which does not fall into the existing morphologic types. We experienced such a case of specific type dyskinesia, which couldn't be classified into the existing classification system. A 50-year-old man visited our hospital due to rhythmic dyskinesia of the right hand, which appeared during the resting state, and had developed one month after left subcortical infarction. Flexion and extension movements of the fingers at 3Hz appeared due to the impatient impulse to move. However, this abnormal movement could be easily suppressed under the patients will. We suggested that the abnormal movement was similar to akathisia from the fact that it occurred due to the internal desire to move and that the patient could suppress dyskinesia. However, the rhythmic tendency and lack of medication history of antipsychotics suggested that the movement was not the typical form of akathisia. The present case may represent a new clinical type of movement disorder developed after stroke. Considering the clinical pattern of the present case and following a review of the literature, we believe that it can be labeled, post-stroke rhythmic akathisia.

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Effect of fringe divergence in fluid acceleration measurement using LDA (레이저 도플러 원리를 이용한 유체 가속도 측정)

  • Chun, Se-Jong;Nobach, Holger;Tropea, Cam;Sung, Hyung-Jin
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.1546-1551
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    • 2004
  • The laser Doppler technique is well-established as a velocity measurement technique of high precision for flow velocity. Recently, the laser Doppler technique has also been used to measure acceleration of fluid particles. Acceleration is interesting from a fluid mechanics point of view, since the Navier Stokes equations, specifically the left-hand-side, are formulated in terms of fluid acceleration. Further, there are several avenues to estimating the dissipation rate using the acceleration. However such measurements place additional demands on the design of the optical system; in particular fringe non-uniformity must be held below about 0.0001 to avoid systematic errors. Relations expressing fringe divergence as a function of the optical parameters of the system have been given in the literature; however, direct use of these formulae to minimize fringe divergence lead either to very large measurement volumes or to extremely high intersection angles. This dilemma can be resolved by using an off-axis receiving arrangement, in which the measurement volume is truncated by a pinhole in front of the detection plane. In the present study an optical design study is performed for optimizing laser Doppler systems for fluid acceleration measurements. This is followed by laboratory validation using a round free jet and a stagnation flow, two flows in which either fluid acceleration has been previously measured or in which the acceleration is known analytically. A 90 degree off-axis receiving angle is used with a pinhole or a slit.

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Explosive Demolition of Special Structure of Soongeui Complex Stadium (숭의종합운동장 특수구조물 발파해체)

  • Suk, Chul-Gi;Park, Hoon;Kim, Nae-Hoi;Song, Young-Suk;Jung, Woo-Jin;Han, Dong-Hun
    • Explosives and Blasting
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.108-118
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    • 2010
  • Soongeui complex stadium is a reinforced concrete frame structure composed of columns, slabs and beams. The stadium, however, is also a special structure because it has a tall tower of electronic display board and slabs inside its own structure which is different from the structures that had been demolished using blasting by then. Explosive demolition for the stadium was carried out from the left-hand side of the outfield stand to the right considering 2 rows of columns supporting the stand as a blasting unit. An overturning demolition method was applied to the tower of electronic display board. Water bags that played the role of multipurpose protection were applied to control the dust. As a result, the demolition project of the special structure of Soongeui complex stadium was judged to be a great success.