• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the acute toxicity and safety of $Leejung$-$tang$($Lizhong$-$tang$) and fermented $Leejung$-$tang$($Lizhong$-$tang$) extract. Methods : To evaluate their acute toxicity and safety, 0(control group), 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg of $Leejung$-$tang$($Lizhong$-$tang$) and fermented $Leejung$-$tang$($Lizhong$-$tang$) extracts were orally administered to 35 male and 35 female ICR mice. After a single administration, we observed survival rates, general toxicity, changes of body weight, and autopsy. Results : Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in any of treated groups (1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg). Conclusions : $LD_{50}$ of $Leejung$-$tang$($Lizhong$-$tang$) and fermented $Leejung$-$tang$($Lizhong$-$tang$) were over 5000 mg/kg and it is very safe to ICR mice.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2013

Objectives : Leejung-tang (Lizhong-tang) has been used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in Korea. In this study, we performed quantification analysis of five marker components, liquiritin, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, glycyrrhizin, and 6-gingerol in Leejung-tang using a ultra performance liquid chromatography- electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer (UPLC-ESI-MS). In addition, we evaluated antioxidant activity of Leejung- tang. Methods : The column for separation of five constituents used a UPLC BEH C18 ($100{\times}2.1mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) maintained at $45^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase consisted of two solvent systems, 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in H2O (A) and CH3CN (B) by gradient flow. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min with detection at mass spectrometer. The antioxidative activities conduct an experiment on 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of Leejung-tang. Results : Calibration curves of five marker compounds were acquired with r2 values > 0.99. The amount of the five compounds in Leejung-tang were 0.07 - 0.84 mg/g. The concentration required for 50% reduction (RC50) against ABTS radical was 119.02 ug/mL. In addition, the scavenging against DPPH radical of Leejung-tang was 11.4%, 14.5%, 19.8%, 29.6%, and 49.2% at 25 ug/mL, $50{\mu}g/mL$, $100{\mu}g/mL$, $200{\mu}g/mL$, and $400{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Conclusions : The established LC-MS/MS method will be helpful to improve quality control of Leejung-tang. In addition, Leejung-tang is a potential antioxidant therapeutic agent.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2018

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome is defined by a cluster of major cardiovascular risk factors: obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension. Several members of a large family of nonselective cation entry channels, e.g., transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels have been associated with the development of dyslipidemia and hypertension. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Leejung-tang (Lizhong-tang), Rikkunshito, and Bojungikgi-tang (Buzhongyiqi-tang) on TRPV4 channel. Methods: Human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably transfected with the TRPV4 expression vectors were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% penicillin/streptomycin, $5{\mu}g/mL$ blasticidin, and 0.4 mg/mL zeocin in a humidified 20% $O_2/10%$ $CO_2$ atmosphere at $37^{\circ}C$. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were obtained using an Axopatch 700B amplifier and pClamp v.10.4 software (Molecular Devices, San Jose, CA, USA), and signals were digitalized at 5 kHz using Digidata 1422A. Results: Leejung-tang and Rikkunshito (10, 30 and 50 mg/mL) had no effects on the TRPV4 whole-cell currents at dose dependent manner. However, Bojungikgi-tang (10, 30, and 50 mg/mL) inhibited the TRPV4 whole-cell currents in a dose dependent manner and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Bojungikgi-tang was 18.2 mg/mL. Conclusions: These results suggest that Bojungikgi-tang plays an important roles to inhibit the TRPV4 channel, suggesting that Bojungikgi-tang is considered one of the candidate agents for the treatment of metabolic syndrome such as dyslipidemia and hypertension.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.31-45
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• 2014

Objectives This study intends to clarify how Leejung-tang (here in after reffered to LJT) affect Wistar Rat whose osteoarthritis was induced by MIA. Methods Osteoarthritis was induced into rat by injecting MIA in its knee joint. Rats are divided into a total of 4 groups (n=6). Normal group are not treated at all without inducing osteoarthritis whereas control group were induced for osteoarthritis by MIA and oral medicated with 2 ml of physiological saline per day. Positive comparison group (Indomethacin) was injected with MIA and after 7 days, 2 mg/kg of Indomethacin was medicated. Experimental group (LJT) was injected with MIA and after 7 days that was medicated with 23 mg/kg of LJT. Indomethacin and LJT were oral medicated for each substance a total of 4 weeks with one time per day. After experiments (from 1 week after injection of MIA to 4 weeks elapsed), Hind paw weight bearing ability, Functions of liver and kidney, Serum prostaglandin $E_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, Osteocalcin, TIMP-1, MMP-9, LTB4 and amount of cartilage were measured and histopathological variations for knee joint structures were observed. Results 1) Hind paw weight bearing ability of LJT administration group was increased but there was no statistical significance. 2) Functions of liver and kidney were not affected. 3) Serum prostaglandin $E_2$, IL-1${\beta}$, Osteocalcin, MMP-9 were significantly decreased and TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, TIMP-1, LTB4 were also decreased but there were no statistical significance. 4) In H&E staining and Safranin-O staining, there were small histopathological changes in LJT administration group than control group. 5) In micro CT (computed tomography)-arthrography, cartilage destruction was more suppressed in LJT administration group than control group. Conclusions Based on all results mentioned above, Leejung-tang (LJT) is believed to be meaningful for suppressing the progress of osteoarthritis and its treatments because of its anti-inflammatory effects and alleviation of pain with histopathological effective efficacy.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2011

Objective: Leejung-tang (Rechu-to in Japanese) is a traditional Korean herbal formula used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as vomiting, stomach pain, chronic gastritis and gastrointestinal ulceration. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential acute toxicity of Leejung-tang water extract (LJT) by a single oral dose in Crl:CD (SD) rats in compliance with current guidelines. Methods: In the preliminary study, there were no adverse effects such as death, clinical signs, and body weight changes at dose levels of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day body weight. Based on the results, a dose of 2000 mg/kg was selected as the toxicological limited dose. LJT was administered once by gavage to male and female rats at dose levels of 0 and 2000 mg/kg bodyweight. During the study period, mortalities, clinical findings, and body weight changes were observed for 14 days following the administration. On day 14 after the treatment, the animals were sacrificed by carbon dioxide overdose and complete gross postmortem examinations were performed. Results: In present study, no treatment-related deaths were observed. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs and body weight changes. In addition, there were no observed gross findings in all groups except for a kidney cyst in the 2000 mg/kg/day female group. Conclusion: The results indicated that LJT did not induce toxic effects at a dose level up to 2000 mg/kg in rats and its median lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) was considered to be over 2000 mg/kg/day body weight for both genders.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.213-224
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Leejung-tang plus Oryung-san Gamibang on functional diarrhea.Method : We treated a 72-year-old male who had severe watery diarrhea and bowel sounds. The patient was treated with Korean medicine including Oryung-san Gamibang from March 31, 2016 to May 23, 2016. Defecation frequency, Bristol stool scale, Bowel sound, Patient's condition were measured.Result : After oriental medical treatment, clinical symptoms of functional diarrhea (defecation frequency, stool form, bowel sounds) were recoverd normally.Conclusions : Leejung-tang plus Oryeong-san Gamibang effects on the functional diarrhea of a patient diagnosed as Deficiency Cold (虛寒). This case study shows that Oryeong-san Gamibang is clinically effective for functional diarrhea. So that, it is helpful in decreasing the symptoms of a patient and in improving quality of life.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.164-173
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• 2011

1. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to understand the origin, the progressive changes and the constructive principles of Packhaoleejung-tang (白何烏理中湯) 2. Methods: Packhaoleejung-tang and other related prescriptions were analyzed in terms of their pathological indications, based on "Donguisusebowon Chobongwon (東醫壽世保元 草本卷)", "Donguisusebowon Gabobon (東醫壽世保元 甲午本)", "Donguisusebowon Sinchukbon (東醫壽世保元 辛丑本)", "Dongmuyugo (東武遺稿)", "Shanghanlun (傷寒論)". 3. Results and Conclusions: (1) The origin of Packhaoleejung-tang is leejung-tang from "Shanghanlun (傷寒論)". Packhaoleejung-tang inherited some of the principles from "Shanghanlun (傷寒論)" Insamkeiji-tang (2) "Gabobon(甲午本)"'s one prescription Hyangsaleejung-tang emphasizes the effect of lossen up by using Pogostemonis Herb (藿香),Amomi Fructus(砂仁). "Gabobon(甲午本)"'s another prescription Packhaoleejungtang emphasizes the effect of warm up stomach by using Cinnamomum cassia Blume (桂枝), Allium sativum Linne (獨頭蒜), Cynanchum wilfordii(白何首烏). "Sinchukbon(辛丑本)"'s prescription Packhaobujaleejungtang emphasizes the effect of warm up stomach by using Aconitum carmichaeli(附子) (3) The Packhaoleejung-tang is composed of 7 herbs. Atractlodis Rhizoma White(白朮), Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥) support Soeumin's spleen root (脾元), and Zingiberis Rhizoma(乾薑),Cinnamomum cassia Blume (桂枝, Cynanchum wilfordii(白何首烏) warm up stomach. Citri Pericarpium(陳皮) circulate Qi and encourage the descension of Yin.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2009

Objectives : To compare the contents of hazardous substances before/after a decoction. Methods : The heavy metal contents before/after a decoction were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES) and mercury analyzer. In order to analyze pesticides in 6 samples we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC/ECD, which was followed by GC/MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample. In addition, the contents of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were performed by Monier-Williams distillation method. Results : 1. The mean values of heavy metal contents (mg/kg) for the samples were as follows: Samchulkunbi-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.592, Cd; 0.155, As; 0.055 and Hg; 0.014, after decoction - Pb; 0.036, Cd; 0.002, As; not detected and Hg; 0.001), Yijin-tang (before decoction - Pb; 0.830, Cd; 0.077, As; 0.045 and Hg; 0.015, after decoction - Pb; 0.193, Cd; 0.010, As; not detected and Hg; 0.002), Banhabaikchulcheunma-tang (before decoction - Pb; 0.976, Cd; 0.164, As; 0.167 and Hg; 0.019, after decoction - Pb; 0.031, Cd; 0.003, As; 0.006 and Hg; 0.005), Pyungwi-san (before decoction - Pb; 2.162, Cd; 0.128, As; 0.061 and Hg; 0.018, after decoction - Pb; 0.080, Cd; 0.006, As; not detected and Hg; 0.005), Leejung-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.480, Cd; 0.294, As; 0.034 and Hg; 0.012, after decoction - Pb; 0.064, Cd; 0.007, As; 0.007 and Hg; 0.002) and Kwibi-tang (before decoction - Pb; 0.907, Cd; 0.193, As; 0.085 and Hg; 0.020, after decoction - Pb; 0.072, Cd; 0.006, As; 0.004 and Hg; 0.002). 2. Contents (mg/kg) of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) before a decoction in Banhabaikchulcheunma-tang, Pyungwi-san, Leejung-tang and Kwibi-tang exhibited 3.5, 3.4, 3.8 and 12.4, respectively. However, contents of sulfur dioxide after a decoction in all samples were not detected. 3. Contents (mg/kg) of residual pesticides before/after a decoction in all samples were not detected. Conclusions : These results will be used to establish a criterion of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.121-143
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• 2016

Objective : This study is to report 4 Eumyangyeokchahunobok-byung cases diagnosed and treated according to newly hypothesized Eumyangyeokchahunobok-byung definition based on Shanghanlun disease pattern identification diagnostic system. Methods : We analyzed 4 clinical cases diagnosed with Eumyangyeokchahunobok-byung and treated by herbal medicine, which included in Eumyangyeokchahunobok-byung chapter of Shanghanlun according to newly hypothesized definition. Results : Dermatology Life Quality Index decreased from 25 to 10 on first patient, dizziness handicap inventory decreased from 64 to 2 on second patient, dizziness handicap inventory also decreased from 56 to 2 on third patient, and fatigue severity scale decreased from 7 to 2 on fourth patient. Conclusions : Not only all the patients' chief complaints relieved but their other clinical problems such as allergic rhinitis, body pain, constipation, reflux esophagitis also improved. These results highly insist that there is quite a possibility that Eumyangyeokchahunobokbyung means various diseases caused by reversed sleep cycle.