• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2014

The researcher of this study applied PCA on aerial hyper-spectral sensor and selectively combined bands which contain high amount of information, creating five types of PCA images. By applying Spectral Angle Mapping-supervised classification technique on each type of image, classification process was carried out and accuracy was evaluated. The test result showed that the amount of information contained in the first band of PCA-transformation image was 76.74% and the second accumulated band contained 98.40%, suggesting that most of information were contained in the first and the second PCA components. Quantitative classification accuracy evaluation of each type of image showed that total accuracy, producer's accuracy and user's accuracy had similar patterns. What drew the researcher's attention was the fact that the first and the second bands of the PCA-transformation image had the highest accuracy according to the classification accuracy although it was believed that more than four bands of PCA-transformation image should be contained in order to secure accuracy when doing the qualitative classification accuracy.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.77-89
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• 2008

Objectives : This study evaluates the hair growth promoting effect of Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan on shaved C57BL6 mice. Methods : Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan was administered orally (Group I) and both orally and by skin application (Group II) once a day for 12 days. The experimental groups were compared to Control, which was orally administered physiological saline solution. Hair regrowth was photographically and histologically determined during the experimental period. The levels of hair growth cycle related factors (EGF, TGF-${\beta}$1) and vascular factors (VEGF, iNOS) were also determined by immunohistochemistry. On gross observation of hair growth, both Group I and Group II shaved C57BL6 mice showed accelerated hair regrowth. Results : The hair regrowth index of Group I increased significantly from 7 days (P<0.05) to 12 days (P<0.01) after shaving and that of Group II was significantly higher at 12 days (P<0.05). On histological observation, both Group I and Group II demonstrated histological improvement and increases in the number and diameter of the hair follicles. EGF expression on the root sheath of hair follicles was up-regulated in both Group I and II. TGF-${\beta}$1 expression on the root sheath of hair follicles was unchanged in both Group I and II. VEGF expression in the tissues surrounding hair follicles was up-regulated in both groups. iNOS expression in the tissues surrounding hair follicles was down-regulated in both groups. Conclusions : These results suggest that Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan promotes hair growth and this effect is related to up-regulation of EGF and VEFG expression and down-regulation of TGF-${\beta}$1 and iNOS expression on hair roots.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2004

The purpose of the present study was designed to evaluate the bioequivalence of two oxiracetam tablets, Neuromed tablet (Korea Drug Co., reference drug) and Neuracetam tablet (Sam Jin Pharmaceutical Co., test drug), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Release of oxiracetam from the tablet in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with various dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty-four healthy volunteers, $23.7\;{\pm}\;2.4$ year in age and $68.9\;{\pm}\;6.2$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was performed. After oral administration of a tablet containing 800 mg of oxiracetam, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and concentrations of oxiracetam in plasma were determined using HPLC-MS-MS. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were very similar at all dissolution media. In addition, pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$ untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug were 0.42%, 0.45% and -12.58% for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals for the log transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., $log0.94{\sim}log1.06$ and $log0.90{\sim}log1.07$ for $AUC_t$, and $C_{max}$, respectively), indicating that Neuracetam tablet is bioequivalent to Neuromed tablet. The major pharmacokinetic parameters, $AUC_t$, and $C_{max}$ met the criteria set by KFDA for bioequivalence indicating that Neuracetam tablet is bioequivalent to Neuromed tablet.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.81-91
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• 2004

The host rock of standing sculptured Buddha in the Yongamsa temple was macular biotite granite, which has gone through mechanical and chemical weathering. The principal rock-forming minerals are quartz, plagioclase, alkali feldspar, and biotite, the last two of which have been transformed into clay minerals and chlorite due to weathering processes. The bed rock around the Buddha statue is busily scattered with steep inclinations that are almost vertical and discontinuous planes with the strikes of $N8^{\circ}E$. The major joints have the strikes of N4 to $52^{\circ}W$ and N6 to $88^{\circ}E$ and the dips of 42 to $89^{\circ}$. Especially thee development of the joints that cross the major joints causes tile structural instability of the rock. The host rock of the Buddha image is separated into many different rock masses because of the also many different discontinuity, which group accounts for about $12{\%}$ of the rock. Thus it's estimated that the bed rock has not only plane and toppling failure but also wedge failure in all the sides. Since the earth pressure and the inclination pressure are imposed on the body of the Buddha in the basement rock, it's urgent to give a treatment of geotechnical engineering for the sake of its structural stability. The parts where serious fractures are seen should receive the hardening process using the fillers for stones. It's also necessary to introduce a landfill liner system in order to reduce the ground humidity. The rock surface of the Buddha statue are partly contaminated by lichens and bryophyte. The joints have turned into earth, which promotes the growth of weeds and plant roots. Thus biochemical treatments should also be considered to get rid of the vegetation along the discontinuous planes and prevent further biological damages.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.130-138
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• 1976

In order to utilize the agricultural waste products, two strains of mold producing powerful cellulolytic enzyme were sereened from various soils, composts, rotten wood and others. The optimum condition of cellulase production was studied. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Two strains of mold which showed remarkably high cellulolytic activity were identified as Aspergillus niger-SM 6 and Trichoderma viride-SM 10. 2. The highest cellulase production was obtained at pH 5.0-6.0 in 5 days. 3. Cellulase production in strain Aspergillus niger-SM 6 increased with the addition of C.M.C., $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, C.S.L., orange peel powder and rice hull. The rice hull, treated with 3N NaOH at $120^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. and neutralized with various acids, was used. Up to 50% of wheat bran could be substituted by the treated rice hull without any decrease of cellulase activity. 4. In the strain of Trichoderma viride-SM 10, cellulase production increased with the addition of C.M.C., $NH_4NO_3$, Vitamin-free casamino acid and orange peel powder, while the other carbon, nitrogen, phosphate sources, natural nutrients and organic substances gave no remarkable effect.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2007

Soybean milk cake (SMC) was used for the solid-state fermentation by Bacillus subtilis PUL-A isolated from soybean milk cake. In the presence of 5% glutamate the maximum production of biopolymer (59.9 g/kg) was performed by fermentation at $42^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. The recovered biopolymer was consisted of 87% $\gamma$-polyglutamic acid with molecular weight of $1.3{\times}10^6$ dalton and other biopolymer. The biopolymer solution showed the great decrease in consistency below pH 6.0, regardless of the molecular weight of PGA. Biopolymer solution has a typical pseudoplastic flow behavior and yield stress. The consistency of biopolymer solution was greatly decreased by increasing heating time and temperature in acidic condition compared to the alkaline condition. In kaolin clay suspension, the flocculating activity of biopolymer was the highest value with 15 mg/L biopolymer and 4.5 mM $CaCl_2$, but decreased greatly with $FeCl_3$. The flocculating activity of biopolymer was maximum at pH5, but decreased drastically by heating at $60{\sim}100^{\circ}C$. In particular, biopolymer with native PGA showed the efficient flocculating activity compared to that of modified biopolymer containing low molecular weight of PGA.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1038-1045
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• 2006

A series of experiments was conducted to test the compatibilities of two different techniques to determine elemental concentrations by INAA and ICP-MS based on both the NIST SRM 2783(air particulate on filter media) and the field samples for PM10. For NIST SRM the results of INAA were more accurate and precise for all target elements than those of ICP-MS. The comparative data set for PM10 samples collected in an industrial complex area showed that mean of concentration ratio, derived for the two different methods such as C(INNA/ICP-MS), were distinguished from each other: (1) Ba, Cu, K Mg, Na, and Sb: $0.9{\sim}1.1$; (2) Al, Co, Fe, and Mn: $0.8{\sim}1.2$; and (3) Se, Ti, and Zn: >1.3. When the results obtained from both methods were evaluated in terms of regression analysis, paired t-test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the results of many elements determined from PM10 samples(such as Al, Ba, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Nd, and Sb) exhibited a fairly good agreement between the two methods, despite a wide range of variation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 1985

The study was carried out to investigate interrelationships among the acid, peroxide, iodine, thiobarbituric acid values, and changes of fatty acid compositions of some vegetable oils added to soybean milk. A storage temperature of $100^{\circ}C$ was used for the oxidation of the oils, and to determine of variation of the chemical properties and changes of the fatty acid composition, all the samples were carried out in every 8 hours for 40 hours. The changes in fatty acid compositions of the vegetable oils were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The results obtained were as follow; 1. The acid values of the fresh soybean, corn, and palm oils added to the soybean milk were 0.05, 0.12, and 0.06, whereas those of the oils stored for 40 hours were 0.08, 0.18, and 0.09, respectively. 2. The peroxide values of the fresh soybean, corn, and palm oils added to the soybean milk were 0.3, 1.0, and 0.3, whereas those of the oils stored for 40 hours were 1.1, 1.1, and 0.9, respectively. 3. The iodine values of the fresh soybean, corn, and palm oils added to the soybean milk were 132.7, 124.1, and 57.0, whereas those of the oils stored for 40 hours were 127.3 108.3, and 52.0, respectively. 4. The thiobarbituric acid values of fresh soybean, corn, and palm oils added to the soybean milk were 0.18, 0.05, and 0.02, whereas those of the oils stored for 40 hours were 0.25, 0.19, and 0.07, respectively. 5. The percent content of the major fatty acids of the soybean, corn, and palm oils freshly added to the soybean milk were 2.3%,2.5%,and 25.2%for palmitic acid, 3.2%,3.2%,and 4.8%for stearic acid, 39.7%, 40.7%, and 59.3% for oleic acid, 49.9%, 53.0%, and 10.5% for linoleic acid, and 4.7%, 0.4%, and 0.7% for linolenic acid, respectively. Those of the oils stored for 40 hours were 2.9%, 4,5%, and 36.7% for palmitic acid, 8.5%, 6.8%, and 7.0% for stearic acid, 37.8%, 38.8%, and 49.2% for oleic acid, 46.2%, 49.5%, and 5.8% for linoleic acid, and 4.2%, 0.1%, and 0.1% for linolenic acid, respectively. The fatty acid compositions changed significantly: the amounts of the unsaturated fatty acid decreased considerably. The rsults of the present study demonstrated greater stability of the palm oil as compared with the stability of soybean oil and corn oil added to the soybean milk.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.644-652
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• 2011

Two consecutive studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with fermented garlic powder (FGP) or fermented garlic fluid (FGF) on growth performance, immune responses, and disease resistance of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. In experiment I, olive flounder (BW: 65 g) were fed four experimental diets formulated to contain 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% FGP (designated as FGP-0, FGP-0.5, FGP-1, and FGP-1.5, respectively). After the 10-weeks feeding trial, feed intake was significantly lower in fish fed the FGP-0.5 and FGP-1.0 diets, as compared to those fed the control diet. Fish fed the FGP-0 and FGP-0.5 diets showed significantly lower survival, as compared to the other treatments. Dietary supplementation with FGP resulted in higher non-specific immune responses than the FGP-0 group. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased as dietary FGP level increased. In experiment II, olive flounder (BW: 65 g) were fed four experimental diets for 10 weeks. The diets were prepared with a commercial expanded pellet to have 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% FGF (designated as FGF-0, FGF-0.25, FGF-0.5, and FGF-1, respectively) by adsorption. At the end of the second feeding trial, feed intake was significantly lower in fish fed the FGF-0 diet, as compared to other treatments. Fish fed the FGF-0.25 and FGF-0.5 diets exhibited significantly lower cholesterol levels, as compared to other treatments. Lysozyme activity significantly increased with increases in dietary FGF. Cumulative mortality in a challenge test with Streptococcus iniae was significantly lower in the fish groups fed FGF-supplemented diets than in fish fed the control diet. The results of this study indicated that dietary supplementation with FGP or FGF can enhance the non-specific immune responses and disease resistance of olive flounder against S. iniae.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.408-413
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• 2005

Rheological properties and sensory characteristics of prickly pear jelly made from κ-carrageenan and glucomannan were examined. Prickly pear extract (PPE) fermented by Lactobacillus casei LS (isolated from soy milk curd residue) exhibited pH 3.12, 1.15% acidity (lactic acid) and 2.7 × 10/sup 9/ CFU/mL lactic acid bacteria. In the effect of concentration of fermented PPE, the jelly containing 4% fermented PPE had higher springiness and slightly lower hardness than that without fermented PPE, and was superior to color and taste. The hardness and brittleness of jellies were enhanced by the addition of 0.25% citric acid. The addition of 0.25% ascorbic acid resulted in the production of soft jelly like pudding. In the effect of concentration of κ-carrageenan, the hardness and springiness of jellies were increased by adding 0.75% κ-carrageenan, but was decreased by adding at the 0.9% level. In the overall preference of jellies including sweet and sour taste, higher score was obtained by the fortification of 0.6% and 0.75% κ-carrageenan, 0.25% citric acid and 30% fructose syrup.