• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1215-1223
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• 2020

Recently, the number of natural disasters caused by inclement weather conditions such as localized heavy rainfall, Typhoon, etc. is increasing in Korea, which requires relevant prevention and water management measures. Rain gauges installed on the ground have strengths in continuously·directly measures ground precipitation but cannot provide accurate information on spatial precipitation distribution in the areas without the rain gauges. The present research has designed and developed an electromagnetic-based multi-purpose precipitation gauge(EWRG, Electromagnetic Wave Rain Gauge) that can measure rainfall at the real time, by overcoming spatial representativeness. In this paper, we propose an FPGA-based signal processing design method for EWRG. The signal processing of the EWRG was largely designed by calculating the ADC and DDC of the LFM waveform, pulse compression, correlation coefficient and estimating the precipitation parameter. In this study, the LFM waveform and pulse compressed signal were theoretically analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

In order to diagnose low-level turbulence in Korea, diagnostic indices of low-level turbulence were calculated from Aug 2016 to Jul 2019 using a Korea Meteorological Administration Post Precessing (KMAPP) developed by the National Institute Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), and the indices were evaluated using Aircaft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR). In the mean horizontal distribution of diagnostic indices calculated, severe turbulence was simulated along major domestic mountains, including near the Taebaek Mountains, the Sobaek Mountains and Hallasan Mountain on Jeju Island due to geographical factors. Later, detection performance was evaluated by calculating the KMAPP Low-Level Turbulencd index (KLT) on combined index, using AUC value of Individual diagnostic indices as a weight. The result showed that the AUC value of KLT was 0.73, and the detection performance was improved (0.02-0.13) when the index was combined. Also, when looking for the AMDAR data is divided into years, seasons, and altitudes, up to 0.94 AUC values were found in winter (DJF) and the surface (surface-1,000ft). By using high-resolution numerical data reflecting detailed terrain data, local turbulence distribution was well demonstrated and high detection performance was shown at low-level.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.143-151
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• 2020

Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus play important roles in dental caries. Coptis chinensis is a natural product with antimicrobial activity against enterobacteria; however, its effects on oral streptococci are still unknown. Therefore, the effects of C. chinensis on the growth and biofilm formation of the representative cariogenic bacteria S. mutans and S. sobrinus were investigated for the possible use of C. chinensis as an anticaries agent. The C. chinensis extract was diluted with sterile distilled water, and 0.1-2.5% of the extract was used in the experiment. The effects of the C. chinensis extract on the growth and glucan formation of S. mutans and S. sobrinus were measured by viable cell counting and spectrophotometry at 650 nm absorbance, respectively. Crystal violet staining was also carried out to confirm the C. chinensis extract's inhibitory effect on biofilm formation. The C. chinensis extract significantly inhibited the growth of S. mutans and S. sobrinus at concentrations of ≥ 0.3% as compared with the control group. The viable cell count of colonies decreased by 1.7-fold and 1.2-fold at 2.5% and 1.25%, respectively, compared with the control group. The biofilm formation of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was inhibited by > 20-fold at C. chinensis extract concentrations of ≥ 1.25% as compared with the control group. In summary, the C. chinensis extract inhibited the growth and biofilm and glucan formation of S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Therefore, C. chinensis might be a potential candidate for controlling dental caries.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2021

This study was performed to identify the effect of synovium graft on conjunctiva in rabbits after dry eye induction. Six New Zealand White rabbits were used as dry eye models. Both eyes were divided to two groups as control and synovium graft group. The synovium graft was performed in fourth week after dry eye modeling. Quantitative change of tears through Schirmer tear test (STT), qualitative change of tear film through tear film break up time (TFBUT), and damage of cornea through fluorescein staining were observed for 10 weeks at intervals of two weeks. Histological examination was performed to evaluate cornea and conjunctiva at tenth week. In both groups, STT and TFBUT were significantly decreased in 4 weeks after modeling compared to 0 weeks (p < 0.05) . After synovium graft, there were increases in STT value at 4 weeks and TFBUT at 4 and 6 weeks in graft group (p < 0.05). Corneal fluorescein staining showed no significant difference between the two groups. In histopathological examination, grafted synovium was detected as round to ovoid ingression folds, well attached to grafted regions with 0.11 ± 0.04 mm² (range, 0.05-0.16 mm²). These results indicated that the synovium graft on the conjunctiva had an effect on the qualitative and quantitative improvement of the tear film even though there was no histological change.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2022

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of plantar flexor on muscle fatigue and endurance when two different sport tapes are applied. Design: Cross-sectional design. Methods: Fifty-one healthy adults were randomly assigned to dynamic taping group (n=17), kinesio taping group (n=17), and control group (n=17). The dynamic taping group used the dynamic tape. The kinesio tape group used the kinesio tape, and the control group doesn't used tape. Every group performed heel rise test and sEMG for every during pre-test and post-test. To evaluate plantar flexor endurance, the number of times was measured during the heel rise test. Results: The number of heel rises increased significantly in the post-test in dynamic taping group compared to the pre-test, and In comparison between groups, the number of heel rises significantly increased in dynamic taping group compared to kinesio taping group and control group. PEF value was significantly increased in the post-test compared to the pre-test in dynamic taping group, and there was a significant difference between the three groups according to the taping application. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that dynamic taping was effective in musclular fatigue and endurance on plantar flexor in healthy adults. Based on these results, it is suggested that the application of dynamic tape can be suggested as one of the intervention methods for muscle endurance and muscle fatigue.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.119-124
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• 2022

Background: Many severe nasal bone fractures present with septal fractures, causing postoperative septal deviation and negatively affecting the patients' quality of life. However, when a septal fracture is absent, it is difficult to predict whether surgical correction can help minimize nasal septal deviation postoperatively. This study determined whether performing closed reduction on even mildly displaced nasal bone fracture could deter the outcome of septal deviation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 116 patients aged 21-72 years who presented at the outpatient clinic and emergency room with fractures of nasal bones only without any involvement of the septum from January 2014 to December 2020. Patients were classified into three fracture type groups: A (unilateral), B (bilateral), and C (comminuted with depression). The degree of septal deviation was calculated by measuring the angle between the apex of the most prominent point and the crista galli in the coronal view on computed tomography images. The difference between the angles of the initial septal deviation and that of the follow-up was calculated and expressed as delta (Δ). Results: Closed reduction tended to decrease the postoperative septal deviation in all fracture types, but the values were significantly meaningful only in type A and B fractures. In the surgical group, with type A as the baseline, type B showed a significantly larger Δ value, but type C was not significantly different, although type C showed a smaller Δ value. In the conservative group, with type A as the baseline, the other fracture types presented significantly lower Δ values. Conclusion: For all fracture types, closed reduction significantly decreased the extent to which the nasal septum likely deviated. Therefore, when a patient is reluctant to undergo closed reduction, physicians should address the possible outcomes and prognosis of untreated nasal bone fractures.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.310-318
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• 2021

Background: Transcutaneous lower eyelid approaches are associated with a risk of postoperative scarring depending on the distance between the incision line and the lower eyelid margin. The lower eyelid crease of Caucasians corresponds to a ridge-shaped fold in young Asians. However, this relationship has not been sufficiently evaluated in the latter. The authors, therefore, investigated the location of the scar and the lower eyelid crease or ridge to find the optimal location for the incision line. Methods: This study included 60 out of 139 patients who underwent inferior orbital wall reconstruction through a lower eyelid skin incision between July 2019 and June 2020. According to the location of the scar, the patients were classified into three groups: group A (≥ 2 mm above the lower eyelid crease or ridge), group B (within the lower eyelid crease or ridge to 2 mm above the lower eyelid crease or ridge), and group C (within the lower eyelid crease or ridge to 2 mm below the lower eyelid crease or ridge). At 6 or 12 months after surgery, the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) score was obtained, the distance between the lower eyelid margin and the scar (DMS) and the distance between the margins of the peripheral pupil and the lower eyelid (DMPE) were measured, and the occurrence of ectropion was evaluated. Results: Group B had the lowest POSAS score (A: 22.7 ± 8.0, B: 20.9 ± 2.4, C: 32.5 ± 4.1, p< 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that the DMS was positively correlated with the POSAS score (p< 0.001) and that the risk of DMPE widening increased as the DMS decreased (p= 0.029). None of the patients had ectropion. Conclusion: When using the transcutaneous approach for inferior orbital wall reconstruction, the optimal incision site is within the lower eyelid crease or ridge to 2 mm above the lower eyelid crease or ridge.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to report a case diagnosed with cellulitis and ankle joint synovitis after acupuncture treatment. An 85-years old female suffering from low back pain was managed by acupuncture including BL60. After treatment, unintended ankle pain occurred. The pain was diagnosed with cellulitis and synovitis by MRI. The patient was transferred to the Western medical hospital, and ankle joint arthroscopic synovectomy was performed. It was difficult to find a clear relationship between acupuncture and ankle joint synovitis. But it would be reasonable to assume that cellulitis was associated with acupuncture needling and synovitis was followed. Serious adverse effects, such as septic arthritis, are rare, but need significant attention. For acupuncture treatment on the ankle, especially using BL60, the depth and manipulation should be carefully performed along with sterilization.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.259-266
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• 2021

The present study was aimed to estimate the effect of ensiling period and bacterial inoculants on chemical compositions and fermentation characteristics on rye silage harvested at delayed stage. Rye (Secale cereale L.) was harvested after 20 days of heading stage (29.4% dry matter, DM). The harvested rye forage was applied with different inoculants following: applications of distilled water (CON), Lactobacillus brevis (LBB), Leuconostoc holzapfelii (LCH), or mixture of LBB and LCH at 1:1 ratio (MIX). Each forage was ensiled into 20 L mini bucket silo (5 kg) for 50 (E50D) and 100 (E100D) days in triplicates. The E50D silages had higher in vitro digestibilities of DM (IVDMD, p<0.001) and neutral detergent fiber (IVNDFD, p=0.013), and lactate (p=0.009), and acetate (p=0.011) than those of E100D, but lower pH, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and yeast. By inoculant application, LCH had highest IVDMD and IVNDFD (p<0.05), while MIX had highest lactate and lowest pH (p<0.05). The CON and LCH in E50D had highest LAB and yeast (p<0.05), whereas LBB in E100D had lowest (p<0.05). Therefore, this study concluded that LCH application improved the nutrient digesbility (IVDMD and IVNDFD) of lignified rye silage, and longer ensiling period for 100 days enhanced the fermentation characteristics of silage compared to ensiling for 50 days.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.289-293
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• 2022

Blastocystis is a genus of unicellular heterokont parasites belonging to a group of organisms known as Stramenopiles, which includes algae, diatoms, and water molds. Blastocystis includes several species that habitat in the gastrointestinal tracts of organisms as diverse as humans, farm animals, birds, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and cockroaches. It is important to public health and distributed globally, but its prevalence in dogs in Korea has not been reported to date. Here, we collected 787 canine fecal samples and assessed Blastocystis infection by age, sex, region, season, and diarrhea symptoms. We determined Blastocystis subtypes using phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rRNA gene sequences. We identified, 10 Blastocystis positive samples (1.3%). A higher proportion of infected dogs was asymptomatic; however, infection rates did not significantly differ according to region, age, sex, and season. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Blastocystis sp. identified belonged to 4 subtypes (STs), ST1, ST5, ST10, and ST14, thus revealed the genetic diversity of Blastocystis sp. in dogs Korean. This is first report on the presence of Blastocystis sp. in dogs Korean. This study revealed a lower infection rate than expected and differed from previous studies in STs. Further studies are warranted to observe the national infection status of Blastocystis in dogs and the genetic characteristics of this genus.