• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.33.3-33.3
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• 2010

17세기 이후 조선과 일본은 서로 다른 시각법을 사용하였다. 일본의 경우 서양의 자명종을 받아 들여 12시(時) 100각법(刻法)의 부정시법을 기초로 한 일식시계(和時計)인 자명종을 제작 발전시켰다. 이러한 자명종의 제작기술이 조선에 유입되었지만 조선과 일본의 시각법의 차이로 인해 정확한 기계시계임에도 불구하고 널리 보급되지 못했다. 현재 한국의 대표적인 자명종 유물은 고려대학교 박물관과 서울대학교 박물관에 소장되어 있다. 고려대학교 자명종의 경우 12시 96각법을 기준으로 하여 자명종 전면에 원형으로 12시와 1시진(時辰)에 8각(현행 1시간당 4각)으로 각인되어 있고, 그 밑 부분에 "구(九)", "팔(八)", "칠(七)", "육(六)", "오(五)", "사(四)"가 2회 반복하여 각인되어 있다. 타종장치는 파손되어 있고 구조와 형태로 봤을 때 일정한 시간에 한번 종을 치는 일정천부방식(一挺天符方式, Foliout) 자명종이다. 서울대학교 자명종은 시반에 12시와 숫자만 표기되어 있다. 이 자명종은 "구(九)", "팔(八)", "칠(七)", "육(六)", "오(五)", "사(四)"의 숫자 표기가 고려대학교 자명종과 일본 자명종 유물과는 다르게 반대의 방향으로 표기되어 있다. 이 자명종의 타종장치는 정해진 시각에 해당 시각만큼 타종하는 장치가 달린 이정천부방식(二挺天符方式) 자명종 형식이다. 서울대학교 자명종의 경우 일부 부품이 유실되고 개조된 것으로 보이며, 야간용 천부(天符)와 알람장치가 유실된 상태이다. 이는 일본의 부정시법 자명종을 조선의 정시법로 사용하기 위해서 개조한 것으로 여겨진다. 수차례에 걸친 국내와 일본의 학술조사를 수행하여 당시의 조선과 일본의 시각법에 대한 비교조사와 유물 및 문헌을 통해서 두 자명종의 구동방식을 알게 되었다. 또한 일본의 자명종 제작 기술 발달 과정과 비교하여 두 자명종의 제작시기 등을 추정하였다. 아울러 두 자명종의 파손된 부분에 대한 구조를 연구하여 기계적 작동원리에 대한 개념도를 제시하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.23-29
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• 2009

The heart sends blood to the body with heart rate. When heart rate for men is from 60 to 80 per minute, he is generally normal. However, if heart rate is less than the normal heart rate, the symptom is called by bradycardia. Otherwise, the symptom is called by tachycardia. These symptoms make him even to death. Therefore, heartbeat rate has a very important role in a healthy life. In this study, we studied on auto-extracting methods of heart rates from ECG, and compared them with those measured by naked eyes. The first auto-extracting method employs the 2-order differential equations to extract heart rate. The second method uses the autocorrelation coefficients to detect heart rate. To verify its efficacy and validity in practical applications, these method has been applied to MIT/BIH database.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.377-388
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• 2020

In this paper, the autonomous mobile robot whit only LRF sensors proposes an algorithm for avoiding moving obstacles in an environment where a global map containing fixed obstacles. First of all, in oder to avoid moving obstacles, moving obstacles are extracted using LRF distance sensor data and a global map. An ellipse-shaped safety radius is created using the sum of relative vector components between the extracted moving obstacles and of the autonomuos mobile robot. Considering the created safety radius, the autonomous mobile robot can avoid moving obstacles and reach the destination. To verify the proposed algorithm, use quantitative analysis methods to compare and analyze with existing algorithms. The analysis method compares the length and run time of the proposed algorithm with the length of the path of the existing algorithm based on the absence of a moving obstacle. The proposed algorithm can be avoided by taking into account the relative speed and direction of the moving obstacle, so both the route and the driving time show higher performance than the existing algorithm.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.427-437
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• 2011

Purpose: Composite tissue allotransplantation is a new therapeutic modality to reconstruct major tissue defects of the head and neck region and extremities. However, there is a serious ethical debate about whether the risks posed by the life-long immunosuppression that a recipient would have to take justify the benefits of receiving this non-life saving procedure. The purpose of this study is to examine differences between expert and non-expert groups in risk acceptance and expectations regarding hand and foot allotransplantations. Methods: The author conducted a survey of 345 subjects in total (lay public n=110; medical students, n=120; doctors, n=115), using a questionnaire-based instrument, the Louisville Instrument for Transplantation (translated to Korean). Results: Of the three groups studied, risk acceptance was found to be lowest in the doctor group and highest in the non-expert group, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). The expectations of aesthetic and functional improvement from the procedure, however, were found to be highest in the non-expert group and lowest in the doctor group, and the differences were also significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study shows that the three populations have noticeable differences in risk acceptance and expectations regarding hand and foot allotransplantations. Therefore, accurate and sufficient information on these procedures should be provided to patients from both medical and ethical perspectives.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.75-77
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• 2010

Until now, the main treatment for impotence has been the vasodilator injection, penile implants and etc. Among many methods, most effective way is known to be the medical therapy. The oral drug for an impotence remedy has to be above all, effective to the erection, and second, safety when taking in long-term. However, so far the drug in such condition and sufficiency has not been discovered. Consequently, it is crucial to develop the new medicine, made of natural materials only, without any uncertainty of side effect. The silkworm is very difference in physiological chemical change according to growth stage. Therefore the functional effect shows a very big difference according to preparation method with a growth stage. This research carry out the experiment with the pupa powder immediately before the eclosion, eclosion adult, the pupa extract immediately before the eclosion, and the silkworm powder of 5 instar 3rd day. The result showed not a big chance in weight, feed and water intake quantity. But testosterone hormone secretion effects of the freeze drying powder of the pupa immediately before the eclosion was very high 7.31 ng/ml, compared to 2.37 ng/ml of non treatment and 2.67 ng/ml of alcohol extraction method. As this result, the freeze drying pupa powder of the pupa immediately before the eclosion was confirmed to promote the secretion of the testosterone hormone more than alcohol extraction method of existing.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.147-150
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• 2007

Abaecin is a largest member of the proline-rich anti-microbial peptide family found only in the hymenopterans. A cDNA of abaecin was previously isolated and cloned from Bombus ignitus: the mature peptide of Bombus ignitus abaecin was composed of 39 amino acid residues. In the present study, we determined the antibacterial effect of B. ignitus abaecin synthesized at several lengths against several bacteria by radial diffusion assay. The 37-mer peptide (Ab37) inhibited the growth of Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli ML-35, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonela typhimurium, but showed limited inhibitory activity toward Gram-positive bacteria, except for Micrococcus luteus. The truncated 26-mer peptide (Ab26), which was synthesized after truncating some amino acid residues at both N-terminus and C-terminus from the Ab37 peptide, still showed equivalent antibacterial activity to the Ab37. On the other hand, several further truncated peptides exhibited lower activity then did Ab37 peptide.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.98-104
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to report the effectiveness of active postoperative rehabilitation on clavicular fracture by oriental medical interventions and to suggest the importance of proper rehabilitation after operation. A female patient, 43 years old, who had operation for right distal clavicular fracture was treated by oriental medical rehabilitation. We evaluated the consequence by checking numeric rating scale(NRS), shoulder range of motion and shoulder pain and disability index(SPADI). The pain of the patient was decreased and the shoulder range of motion was advanced. SPADI score was decreased. Postoperative-oriental medical rehabilitation can be effectively used for a patient on postoperative state of clavicular fracture. Further studies are needed to set up a rehabilitation protocol with oriental medical interventions after operation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.202-206
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• 2006

Angelicae Dahiricae Radix has been used for controlling inflammatory respiratory diseases in oriental medicine and their components, phellopterin, isoimperatorin and byakangelicol were reported to have various biological effects. In this study, we investigated whether phellopterin, isoimperatorin and byakangelicol affect adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-induced mucin secretion from cultured airway epithelial cells. Confluent primary hamster tracheal surface epithelial(HTSE) cells were metabolically radiolabeled using $^3H$-glucosamine for 24 h and chased for 30 min in the presence of varying concentrations of each agent to assess the effects on $^3H$-mucin secretion. The results were as follows: 1) phellopterin significantly inhibited ATP-induced mucin secretion; 2) However, isoimperatorin and byakangelicol did not affect ATP-induced mucin secretion, significantly. This result suggests that phellopterin can regulate 'mucin secretion induced by ATP'-a phenomenon simulating mucus overproduction from inflamed airway epithelial cells-by directly acting on airway mucin-secreting cells. Therefore, phellopterin should further be investigated for the possible use as mucoregulators in the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.235-239
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• 2006

Angelicae Koreanae Radix has been used for controlling inflammatory respiratory diseases in folk medicine and their components, imperatorin, marmesinin and oxypeucedanin were reported to have diverse biological effects. In this study, we investigated whether imperatorin, marmesinin and oxypeucedanin affect adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-induced mucin secretion from cultured airway epithelial cells. Confluent primary hamster tracheal surface epithelial(HTSE) cells were metabolically radiolabeled using $^3H$-glucosamine for 24 h and chased for 30 min in the presence of varying concentrations of each agent to assess the effects on $^3H$-mucin secretion. The results were as follows: 1) imperatorin significantly inhibited ATP-induced mucin secretion; 2) However, marmesinin and oxypeucedanin did not affect ATP-induced mucin secretion, significantly. We conclude that imperatorin might inhibit ATP-induced mucin secretion by directly acting on airway mucin-secreting cells. Therefore, imperatorin should further be investigated for the possible use as mucoregulators in the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.373-379
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• 2012

This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobiological effects of supercritical fluid extracts (SFEs) and Marc methanol extracts (SFMs) from Cinnamomum verum. Reducing effects on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and ABTS radical scavenging were investigated. SFM exhibited higher antioxidant activities in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. Measurements of the antimicrobial activity were used for Gram-positive bacteria (four strains) and Gram-negative bacteria (four strains). The antimicrobial activities of the SFE and SFM against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria revealed that SFE had a higher inhibition zone than SFM. Cinnamaldehyde, the active compound of C. verum, had a higher content in SFM (35% at 300 bar, $30^{\circ}C$) than methanol extracts from C. verum (0.5%). These results indicate that not only SFE oil, but also SFM, could be a good source for the food industry.