• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.168-176
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study aims at investigating the influence of various insertion torques on thermal changes of bone. A proper insertion torque is derived based on the thermal analysis with two different implant designs. Materials and methods: For implant materials, bovine scapula bone of 15 - 20 mm thickness was cut into 35 mm by 40 - 50 mm pieces. Of these, the pieces having 2 - 3 mm thickness cortical bone were used as samples. Then, the half of the sample was immersed in a bath of $36.5^{\circ}C$ and the other half was exposed to ambient temperature of $25^{\circ}C$, so that the inner and surface temperatures reached $36.5^{\circ}C$ and $28^{\circ}C$, respectively. Two types of implants ($4.5{\times}10\;mm$ Br${\aa}$nemark type, $4.8{\times}10\;mm$ Microthread type) were inserted into bovine scapula bone and the temperature was measured by a thermocouple at 0.2 mm from the measuring point. Finite element method (FEM) was used to analyze the thermal changes at contacting surface assuming that the sample is a cube of $4\;cm{\times}4\;cm{\times}2\;cm$ and a layer up to 2 mm from the top is cortical bone and below is a cancellous bone. Boundary conditions were set on the basis of the shape of cavity after implants. SolidWorks was used as a CAD program with the help of Abaqus 6.9-1. Results: In the in-vitro experiment, the Microhead type implant gives a higher maximum temperature than that of the Br${\aa}$nemark type, which is attributed to high frictional heat that is associated with the implant shape. In both types, an Eriksson threshold was observed at torques of 50 Ncm (Br${\aa}$nemark) and 35 Ncm (Microthread type), respectively. Based on these findings, the Microthread type implant is more affected by insertion torques. Conclusion: This study demonstrate that a proper choice of insertion torque is important when using a specific type of implant. In particular, for the Microthread type implant, possible bone damage may be expected as a result of frictional heat, which compensates for initial high success rate of fixation. Therefore, the insertion torque should be adjusted for each implant design. Furthermore, the operation skills should be carefully chosen for each implant type and insertion torque.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.189-197
• /
• 2008

Purpose: Peritoneal lavage cytology is regarded as a useful diagnostic test for detecting intraperitoneal micrometastsis. However, there are currently no reports about cytological examination with $ThinPrep^{(R)}$ (CY), a newly introduced fluid-based diagnostic system, in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). This study was performed to analyze the clinical significance of intraoperative peritoneal lavage for CY in AGC patients. Materials and Methods: 424 AGC patients were suspected to have serosal exposure macroscopically during surgery and they underwent intraoperative peritoneal lavage for CY between 2001 and 2006 at Korea Cancer Center Hospital. The clinical data, pathological data and CY results were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results: The percentage of cytology positive results was 31.1%, and this was well correlated with the T-stage, N-stage and P-stage. The 3-year survival rates of CY0 and CY1 were 68.1% and 25.9%, respectively. According to the P-stage and CY, the 3-year survival rates were 71.1% in P0CY0, 38.9% in P0CY1, 38.5% in P1/2/3CY0 and 11.0% in P1/2/3CY1. Interestingly, both the P0CY1 and P1/2/3CY0 survival curves were similar figures, but they were significantly different from those of the other groups. Multivariate analysis indicated that CY was an independent, strong prognostic factor for survival, as well as sex, the T-stage, N-stage, P-stage, other metastasis and the serum CEA. CY1 was revealed as a risk factor for peritoneal recurrence in the curative resection group. Conclusion: The results certify indirectly that cytological examination using $ThinPrep^{(R)}$ is a very reliable diagnostic method for detecting intraperitoneal micrometastasis from the fact that it is not only a strong prognostic factor, but it is also a risk factor for peritoneal recurrence in AGC patients. Therefore intraoperative peritoneal lavage should be included in the routine intraoperative staging workup for AGC, and its result will provide a good target for the treatment of peritoneal micrometastasis.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.25-35
• /
• 2011

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the sensory characteristic quality of commercial milk brands selling in the market under the preservation at the temperature of $7^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ stored during the period of shelf-life. Quantitative descriptive analysis after developing of descriptive terms and cluster characterization by PCA analysis over a total of 128 LTLT, HTST, UHT and UHT-ESL milks, were conducted by 8 trained panelists. A total of fourteen attributes; three aroma attributes (grassy, milky, cultured milk aroma) and seven flavor/taste attributes (sweet, salty, sour, milk, cooked, cheesy, paper board) and one aftertaste attributes (rancid flavor) and one texture attributes (viscous), were developed as descriptive terms. Significant differences (P<0.01) in the sensory attributes; sweet, milky, cheesy etc. in UHT milk and sour, cheesy, paper board, rancid etc. in UHT-ESL milk were also found between the two different temperatures within the shelf life, but both type of pasteurized milk samples (LTLT and HTST) showed significant differences (P<0.01) in the attributes, such as cultured milk aroma, salty, sour, cheesy, rancid in LTLT milk and grassy, milky, salty in HTST milk and difference (P<0.05) in cultured milk aroma for HTST milk. Therefore, from the viewpoint of not only hygienic quality but also sensory characteristics, it is required for the better acceptance of milk consumers to amendment on the regulation in relation to the preservation standard of pasteurized milk as well as UHT milk to lower than $7^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.33 no.12
• /
• pp.941-947
• /
• 2000

Background: Central nervous system complication after coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) is one of the major prognostic determinants and the use of the cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) may increase the incidence of this devastating complication. In this study, the outcomes after off-pump CABG were studied and compared with those following the conventional CABG using CPB. Material and Method: Among the consecutive isolated CABG's performed in SNUH during Feb. 1995 and Jun. 1999, 338 coronary artery bypass grafting were divided into two groups. 223 patients underwent CABG using the CPB(Group I), and 115 patients underwent CABG without CPB(OPCAB)(Group II). All patients enrolled in this study received extensive preoperative examinations including thorough neurologic examination before and after surgery, transcranial doppler study, carotid duplex ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance angiography if necessary. Central nervous system(CNS) complications were defined as stroke, seizure, metabolic or hypoxic encephalopathy and transient delirium after surgery. Result: There were 61 cases(27.3%) who developed postoperative CNS complication in Group I, whereas 8 cases(7.0%) of CNS complications developed postoperatively in group II(p<0.05). Statistically significant predictors of postoperative CNS complications in group I were age and the use of cardiac assist devices perioperatively. Conclusion: This study suggested that omitting the use of CPB in CABG resulted in significant decrease of the postoperative CNS complications. OPCAB should be more widely applied especially to the elderly who have preexisting cerebrovascular disease.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.360-367
• /
• 2011

The use of green manure crop is one of the methods for alternative of chemical fertilizer as well as maintain of soil sustainability, therefore we evaluated the effect of green manure crops on rice growth and weed occurrence in rice-green manure crop double cropping system. The treatments consisted of incorporation of hairy vetch, barley or combined hairy vetch and barley without any agrochemical or fertilizer. In hand weeding, rice yield in hairy vetch only or hairy vetch and barley incorporated fields was attained by 90% and 93% of the conventional practice, respectively, while the value in barley incorporated fields was just 79%. Although the rice yields were lower than the hand weed control, similar trends in non-weed control were observed among all treatments. At maximum tillering stage, occurred weeds in hairy vetch, barley or hairy vetch and barley incorporated fields were five, five and two species, respectively, while those in conventional practice were six species. Also, the dry weight of weeds in hairy vetch and barley incorporated fields was decreased by 33% and 53% compared to it of conventional practice, while the value in hairy vetch and barley incorporated field was increased by 34%. Among all treatments, although occurrence density of Echinochloa crus-galli was lower than another weed species, the dry weight of it significantly increased. These results suggested that although continuous incorporation of proper amount of legume green manure crops was possible to productivity insurance of crop, but to attain it was essential to the effective management of weeds.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.549-553
• /
• 2011

'Jungmo 1012', a new japonica rice intermediate parent developed from a cross between 'Sambaegbyeo' having a good eating-quality and lodging resistance, and 'Ou329', was developed by the rice breeding team of Sangju Substation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration in 2010. This variety has about 120 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in southern mid-mountainous area of Korea. It has 78 cm culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows strong resistance to blast and viviparous germination, but is susceptible to bacterial blight, virus diseases, and insect pests. The milled rice of 'Jungmo 1012' exhibit translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has a little lower amylose content of 18.2%, and higher protein content of 6.3%, and good palatability of cooked rice compared with 'Odaebyeo'. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.55 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. 'Jungmo 1012' will be adaptable to southern mid-mountainous of South Korea.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.107-116
• /
• 2018

The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant and intracellular anti-inflammatory efficacy of blueberry leaf extracted with hot water (BLW), 70% ethanol (BLE), and 70% acetone (BLA) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of blueberry leaf extracts, RAW 264.7 macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce the production of inflammation-related factors, which were measure by Western blotting and real-time PCR methods. i-NOS, COX-2 protein, and mRNA expression showed concentration-dependent decrease. The decreases in the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) were concentration-dependent. Further, the antioxidant effects of blueberry leaf on total polyphenol contents, electron donating ability and $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity were evaluated. The total polyphenol contents of BLW, BLE, and BLA were $217.04{\pm}2.98$, $156.72{\pm}3.90$, and $182.88{\pm}3.02mg\;TAE/g$, respectively, while the electron donating abilities at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ of BLW, BLE, and BLA were 81.7, 79.6, and 79.3%, respectively. The $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity was fond to be concentration dependent. The nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition activities at $50{\mu}g/mL$ of BLW, BLE, and BLA were 35.1, 42.4 and 42.7%, respectively. In conclusion, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory test results indicate that blueberry leaf extracts (BLW, BLE, and BLA) can be used as potential anti-inflammatory agents.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.272-275
• /
• 2010

'Geumyoung' is a new early maturing rice cultivar developed from the cross between Sambaegbyeo and Iksan423/Sangju22 at Sangju Substation, NICS, RDA, Korea in 2009. It needs about 116 days from seedling to harvest in mid-mountainous areas. This cultivar has about 72 cm long culm and 19 cm long panicle, which are similar to Odaebyeo. It has higher panicle number per plant, medium to small grains and sometimes has a few awned spikelets. It shows tolerance to cold and resistance to blast but is susceptible to bacterial blight, virus diseases, and insects and pests. Milled rice of 'Geumyoeng' is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has about 18.0% amylose and 6.6% protein content with good palatability of cooked rice. The milled rice yield of this cultivar was 5.53 MT/ha under standard fertilizer level of ordinary transplanting cultivation. 'Geumyong' would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting cultivation in the northern plains, and northern and southern mid-mountainous areas of South Korea.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.337-349
• /
• 1992

The Tertiary basins in Korea have widely been studied by numerous researchers producing individual results in sedimentology, paleontology, stratigraphy, volcanic petrology and structural geology, but interdisciplinary studies, inter-basin analysis and basin-forming process have not been carried out yet. Major work of this study is to elucidate evidences obtained from different parts of a basin as well as different Tertiary basins (Pohang, Changgi, Eoil, Haseo and Ulsan basins) in order to build up the correlation between the basins, and an overall picture of the basin architecture and evolution in Korea. According to the paleontologic evidences the geologic age of the Pohang marine basin is dated to be late Lower Miocence to Middle Miocene, whereas other non-marine basins are older as being either Early Miocene or Oligocene(Lee, 1975, 1978: Bong, 1984: Chun, 1982: Choi et al., 1984: Yun et al., 1990: Yoon, 1982). However, detailed ages of the Tertiary sediments, and their correlations in a basin and between basins are still controversial, since the basins are separated from each other, sedimentary sequence is disturbed and intruded by voncanic rocks, and non-marine sediments are not fossiliferous to be correlated. Therefore, in this work radiometric, magnetostratigraphic, and biostratigraphic data was integrated for the refinement of chronostratigraphy and synopsis of stratigraphy of Tertiary basins of Korea. A total of 21 samples including 10 basaltic, 2 porphyritic, and 9 andesitic rocks from 4 basins were collected for the K-Ar dating of whole rock method. The obtained age can be grouped as follows: $14.8{\pm}0.4{\sim}15.2{\pm}0.4Ma$, $19.9{\pm}0.5{\sim}22.1{\pm}0.7Ma$, $18.0{\pm}1.1{\sim}20.4+0.5Ma$, and $14.6{\pm}0.7{\sim}21.1{\pm}0.5Ma$. Stratigraphically they mostly fall into the range of Lower Miocene to Mid Miocene. The oldest volcanic rock recorded is a basalt (911213-6) with the age of $22.05{\pm}0.67Ma$ near Sangjeong-ri in the Changgi (or Janggi) basin and presumed to be formed in the Early Miocene, when Changgi Conglomerate began to deposit. The youngest one (911214-9) is a basalt of $14.64{\pm}0.66Ma$ in the Haseo basin. This means the intrusive and extrusive rocks are not a product of sudden voncanic activity of short duration as previously accepted but of successive processes lasting relatively long period of 8 or 9 Ma. The radiometric age of the volcanic rocks is not randomly distributed but varies systematically with basins and localities. It becomes generlly younger to the south, namely from the Changgi basin to the Haseo basin. The rocks in the Changgi basin are dated to be from $19.92{\pm}0.47$ to $22.05{\pm}0.67Ma$. With exception of only one locality in the Geumgwangdong they all formed before 20 Ma B.P. The Eoil basalt by Tateiwa in the Eoil basin are dated to be from $20.44{\pm}0.47$ to $18.35{\pm}0.62Ma$ and they are younger than those in the Changgi basin by 2~4 Ma. Specifically, basaltic rocks in the sedimentary and voncanic sequences of the Eoil basin can be well compared to the sequence of associated sedimentary rocks. Generally they become younger to the stratigraphically upper part. Among the basin, the Haseo basin is characterized by the youngest volcanic rocks. The basalt (911214-7) which crops out in Jeongja-ri, Gangdong-myon, Ulsan-gun is $16.22{\pm}0.75Ma$ and the other one (911214-9) in coastal area, Jujon-dong, Ulsan is $14.64{\pm}0.66Ma$ old. The radiometric data are positively collaborated with the results of paleomagnetic study, pull-apart basin model and East Sea spreading theory. Especially, the successively changing age of Eoil basalts are in accordance with successively changing degree of rotation. In detail, following results are discussed. Firstly, the porphyritic rocks previously known as Cretaceous basement (911213-2, 911214-1) show the age of $43.73{\pm}1.05$ 및 $49.58{\pm}1.13Ma$(Eocene) confirms the results of Jin et al. (1988). This means sequential volcanic activity from Cretaceous up to Lower Tertiary. Secondly, intrusive andesitic rocks in the Pohang basin, which are dated to be $21.8{\pm}2.8Ma$ (Jin et al., 1988) are found out to be 15 Ma old in coincindence with the age of host strata of 16.5 Ma. Thirdly, The Quaternary basalt (911213-5 and 911213-6) of Tateiwa(1924) is not homogeneous regarding formation age and petrological characteristics. The basalt in the Changgi basin show the age of $19.92{\pm}0.47$ and $22.05{\pm}0.67$ (Miocene). The basalt (911213-8) in Sangjond-ri, which intruded Nultaeri Trachytic Tuff is dated to be $20.55{\pm}0.50Ma$, which means Changgi Group is older than this age. The Yeonil Basalt, which Tateiwa described as Quaternary one shows different age ranging from Lower Miocene to Upper Miocene(cf. Jin et al., 1988: sample no. 93-33: $10.20{\pm}0.30Ma$). Therefore, the Yeonil Quarterary basalt should be revised and divided into different geologic epochs. Fourthly, Yeonil basalt of Tateiwa (1926) in the Eoil basin is correlated to the Yeonil basalt in the Changgi basin. Yoon (1989) intergrated both basalts as Eoil basaltic andesitic volcanic rocks or Eoil basalt (Yoon et al., 1991), and placed uppermost unit of the Changgi Group. As mentioned above the so-called Quarternary basalt in the Eoil basin are not extruded or intruaed simultaneously, but differentiatedly (14 Ma~25 Ma) so that they can not be classified as one unit. Fifthly, the Yongdong-ri formation of the Pomgogri Group is intruded by the Eoil basalt (911214-3) of 18.35~0.62 Ma age. Therefore, the deposition of the Pomgogri Group is completed before this age. Referring petrological characteristics, occurences, paleomagnetic data, and relationship to other Eoil basalts, it is most provable that this basalt is younger than two others. That means the Pomgogri Group is underlain by the Changgi Group. Sixthly, mineral composition of the basalts and andesitic rocks from the 4 basins show different ground mass and phenocryst. In volcanic rocks in the Pohang basin, phenocrysts are pyroxene and a small amount of biotite. Those of the Changgi basin is predominant by Labradorite, in the Eoil by bytownite-anorthite and a small amount pyroxene.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.165-171
• /
• 2011

A new rice variety 'Jinbo' is a japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) with good eating quality, lodging tolerance, and resistance to rice stripe virus (RSV) and bacterial blight disease (BB). It was developed by the rice breeding team of Yeongdeog Substation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2009. This variety was derived from a cross between 'Yeongdeog26' with good grain quality and wind tolerance and 'Koshihikari' with good eating quality in 1998 summer season. A promising line, YR21324-56-1-1, selected by pedigree breeding method, was designated as the name of 'Yeongdeog45' in 2005. After the local adaptability test was carried out at nine locations from 2006 to 2008, 'Yeongdeog45' was released as the name of 'Jinbo' in 2009. 'Jinbo' has short culm length as 74 cm and medium maturating growth duration. This variety is resistant to $K_1$, $K_2$, and $K_3$ races of bacterial blight and stripe virus and moderately resistant to leaf blast disease with durable resistance, and also it has tolerance to unfavorable environments such as cold and dried wind. 'Jinbo' has translucent and clear milled rice kernel without white core and white belly rice, and good eating quality as a result of panel test. The yield potential of 'Jinbo' in milled rice is about 5.65 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level in local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to middle plain, mid-west costal area, east-south coastal area, and south mid-mountainous area.