• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.45-51
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• 2016

Existing real-time signal control system was brought up typical problems which are supersaturated condition, point detection system and loop detection system. For that reason, the next generation signal control system of advanced form is required. Following thesis aimed at calculating queue length for the next generation signal control system to utilize basic parameter of signal control in crossing queue instead of the volume of real-time through traffic. Overflow saturated condition which was appeared as limit of existing system was focused to set-up range. Real-time location information of individual vehicle which is collected by GPS data. It converted into the coordinate to apply shock wave model with an linear equation that is extracted by regression model applied by a least square. Through the calculated queue length and link length by contrast, If queue length exceed the link, queue of downstream intersection is included as queue length that upstream queue vehicle is judeged as affecting downstream intersection. In result of operating correlation analysis among link travel time to judge confidence of extracted queue length, Both of links were shown over 0.9 values. It is appeared that both of links are highly correlated. Following research is significant using real-time data to calculate queue length and contributing to signal control system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.41-41
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• 2017

본 연구는 초분광 영상을 이용하여 수박 모종의 수분함량을 비파괴적으로 추정하기 위해 수행되었다. 단계적으로 수분 스트레스를 받은 수박(n=45) 모종을 초분광 영상시스템으로 촬영하여 모종 영역의 반사율을 추출하였고, 매 촬영 후 모종의 생체중과 건물중을 측정하여 수분함량을 계산하였다. 모종의 반사율과 계측된 수분함량을 변수로 하여 Partial Least Square Regression(PLSR) 분석을 이용하여 수분 추정 모델을 구축하였다. 수분 추정모델을 작성한 결과 Calibration(Cal.)의 정확도($R^2$)는 0.66, 정밀도(RMSE 및 RE)는 각각 1.06%, 1.14%로 나타났다. 수박 모종의 수분함량 추정모델의 정밀도는 상당히 높게 나타났으나 정확도는 낮게 나타났다. 정확도를 개선하기 위해 Confidence ellipses의 신뢰구간을 95%로 설정하였을 때 3개의 모종이 타원 밖에 위치하는 것을 발견하였으며 이를 제거 후 재분석을 하였다. 3개의 모종을 제외한 수박 모종의 수분함량 추정모델의 정확도는 0.82, 정밀도는 0.73%, 0.78%로 나타났다. 3개의 모종을 제외함으로서 모델의 정확도 및 정밀도가 상승하여 3개의 모종이 정확도 및 정밀도를 낮추는 원인이라 판단된다. 작물은 가뭄스트레스를 받을수록 반사율이 낮아지지만(Yang et al., 2010) 3개의 모종은 다른 모종의 수분함량에 비해 반사율이 큰 차이를 나타내어 정확도 및 정밀도를 낮춘 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해 초분광 영상을 이용하여 수박 모종의 수분함량 추정가능성을 시사하였고, 모델의 정확도를 개선하기 위해 샘플 수 및 수분함량의 변이를 증가시키는 것이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between yearly variations of elimatic elements and yearly variations of productivity in potato. In addition, correlation coefficients among yield and yield components were estimated. The data of yield and yield components were investigated for 9 years from 1987 to 1995. The meteorological data what gathered at the Goheung Weather Station for the same period of crop growing season were used to find out the relationships between climatic elements and crop productivity. Yearly variation of the daily minimum temperature in March and April were large with coefficients of variation (C.V.) of 126.0%,368.0%, respectively, but the variation of the daily mean and maximum temperature in May and June were relative small. Stem length and number of stem show more C.V. of 9.3% ,14.3%, respectively, but the variation of the yield was relative small with 3.7%. Correlation coefficients between the amount of precipitation in April and yield, yield and daily mean temperature in June were negatively significant at the level of 5, 1%, respectively. Correlation coefficients between the growth habits and yield are positively significant at the level of 5, 1%, respectively. Simple linear regression equations by the least square method are estimated for stem length $(Y_1)$ and the precipitation in April(X) as $Y_1=82.47-0.11{\times}(R_2=0.3959)$, and for yield$(Y_2)$ and the precipitation in April(X) as $Y_2=2003.61-0.94{\times}(R_2=0.5418)$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1827-1833
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• 2014

This study has been carried out to present the valuation system of soil carbon sequestration potentials of soil in accordance with the new climate change scenarios(RCP). For that, by analyzing variation of soil carbon of the each type of agricultural land use, it aims to develop technology to increase the amount of carbon emissions and sequestration. Among the factors which affects the estimation of determining the soil carbon model and influence power after the measurement on soil organic carbon, under the center of a causal relationship between the explanatory variables this study were investigated. Chemical fertilizers (NPK) decreased with increasing the amount of soil organic carbon and as with the first experimental results, when cultivating rice than pepper, the fact that soil organic carbon content increased has been found out. The higher the carbon dioxide concentration, the higher the amount of organic carbon in the soil and this result is reliable under a 10% significance level. On the other hand, soil organic carbon, humus carbon and hot water extractable carbon has been found out that was not affected the soils depth, sames as the result of the first year. The higher concentration of carbon dioxide, the higher carbon content of humus and hot water extractable carbon content. According to IPCC 2006 Guidelines and the new climate change scenario RCP 4.5 and the measurement results of the total amount of soil organic carbon to the crops due to abnormal climate weather, 1% increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration was found to be small when compared to the growing rate of increasing 0.01058% of organic carbon in the soil.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to discriminate between grass spices. A combination of NIRS and chemometrics was used to discriminate between Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, and tall fescue seeds. A total of 240 samples were used to develop the best discriminant equation, whereby three spectra range (visible, NIR, and full range) were applied within a 680 nm to 2500 nm wavelength. The calibration equation for the discriminant analysis was developed using partial least square (PLS) regression and discrimination equation (DE) analysis. A PLS discriminant analysis model for the three spectra range that was developed with the mathematic pretreatment "1,8,8,1" successfully discriminated between Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, and tall fescue. An external validation indicated that all of the samples were discriminated correctly. The discriminant accuracy was shown as 68%, 78%, and 73% for Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, and tall fescue, respectively, with the NIR full-range spectra. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the NIRS-chemometrics combination as a rapid method for the discrimination of grass species by seed.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

The equation of the step-drawdown test "$s_w=BQ+CQ^p$" written by Rorabaugh (1953) is suitable for drawdown increased non-linearly in the fractured rocks. It was found that value of root mean square error (RMSE) between observed and calculated drawdowns was very low. The calculated $C$ (well head loss coefficient) and $P$ (well head loss exponent) value of well head losses ($CQ^p$) ranged $3.689{\times}10^{-19}{\sim}5.825{\times}10^{-7}$ and 3.459~8.290, respectively. It appeared that the deeper depth in pumping well the larger drawdowns due to pumping rate increase. The well head loss in the fractured rocks, unlike that in porous media, is affected by properties of fractures (fractures of aperture, spacing, and connection) around pumping well. The $C$ and $P$ value in the well head loss is very important to interpret turbulence interval and properties of high or low permeability of fractured rock. As a result, regression analysis of $C$ and $P$ value in the well head losses identified the relationship of turbulence interval and hydraulic properties. The relationship between $C$ and $P$ value turned out very useful to interpret hydraulic properties of the fractured rocks.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

The environmental effects were studied to estimate age and lactation stage adjustment coefficients in the primary linear traits of Holstein dairy cattle in Korea. Calving year month, classifier, age-month at classification and lactation stage were the environmental factors which significantly affected the most of linear traits at the level of 0.01. F values of Stature, strength, body depth, thurl with and rear leg side view were relatively higher in the effects of age-month, and dairy form, rear udder height, rear udder width, and udder cleft had relatively higher F values in the effects of lactation stage. Udder depth were affected highly by both age-month and lactation stage. Through the least square means of traits and the interpolation and smoothing obtained by the regression analysis of log and exponential transformed adjustment coefficients, age-month and lactation stage coefficients were estimated, and applied to real data to check the variation in the age-month and lactation stage effects. The estimated mean squares showed that the variation in all the linear traits significantly were decreased for the adjusted factors without the significant changes of variation in calving year month and classifier. That udder depth adjusted for both the age-month and lactation stage resulted in the decreases of variation in the both effects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.192-198
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine associations between marital status and vegetable intake. Methods: Data were from participants 30 years and over (n = 18,190) in the 2007~2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Marital status was divided into three groups: married, never married, and separated/divorced/widowed. Vegetable intake was estimated from the twenty-four hour dietary recall. Data were analyzed using a chi-square test, analysis of covariance, least squares means, and logistic regression. Results: Married respondents tend to consume more vegetables, including kimchi, than all other marital status groups. Vegetable intake, excluding kimchi, was lowest among 30~64 year-old respondents who had never married. Elderly men (65 years and older) who were never married/separated/divorced/ widowed had significantly lower vegetable intake than elderly men who were married (p = 0.0008). When considering the Korean dietary reference intake (KDRIs), elderly men who were never married/separated/divorced/widowed, compared with elderly men who were married, had a significantly higher odds ratio for consuming fewer vegetables than the KDRIs (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.13~2.37). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that marital status might influence vegetable intake and the probability of consuming fewer vegetables than the KDRIs. In particular, being never married/separated/divorced/ widowed might adversely affect vegetable consumption among elderly men, although assessing the causal effect of marital status from this cross-sectional study is difficult.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.442-448
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of guar gum on the rheological behaviors, sensory attributes, and consumer acceptability of soft tofu stew sauce. Five different soft tofu stew sauces were commercially manufactured with various levels of guar gum (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.5%). Twelve sensory attributes of the stew sauces were identified by nine trained descriptive panelists, whereas hedonic levels of the stew sauces were assessed by a group of 51 consumers. Steady flow of the stew sauces were measured by a rheometer. Significant differences were observed in terms of sensory saltiness and viscosity among the products. For the consumer test, 0.1% guar gum-added product was most liked by consumers. Partial least square regression showed sensory shellfish, green onion, and shrimp flavors to be key factors affecting overall acceptability for the stew sauces. For rheological behaviors, 0.0, 0.1, and 0.2% guar gum-added products showed newtonian behaviors ($R^2$=0.99 by power law model), whereas 0.4 and 0.5% products followed pseudoplastic behaviors ($R^2$=0.99 by power law model). Based on the established equivalence table using rheological and consumer data, smaller than 0.0114 ($Pa{\cdot}s$) of the apparent viscosity should be necessary to guarantee 'slightly like' category in a consumer hedonic test. It seems that addition of guar gum not only influenced rheological properties but overall acceptability for the stew sauces.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.100-106
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• 1993

A study on optimizing the friction welding of copper(C1100) to aluminium(A1050) for developing the electrical sleeve was experimentally carried out and also on real-time nondestructive evaluation of the friction weld quality (strength) was accomplished by acoustic emission technique. The results obtained are summarized as the following ; 1) The heating upset $U_1$(mm) or total upset U(mm) tends to increase according to the increase of heating time $t_1$(sec). The relations between $U_1$ and $t_1$ or U and $t_1$are computed as follows when n=2000rpm, $P_1$=4, $P_2$=8kgf/$mm^2$, and $t_2$=6sec. U=1.6$e^{0.39t_1}$ $U_1$=3.65$e^{0.25t_1}$. 2) It was notified that the proper welding conditions by considering on both strength with more than 100% joint effieciency and toughness are heating time of 1.5-2.25 sec under n=200rpm, $P_1$=4, $P_2$=8kgf/$mm^2$, $t_2$=6sec. 3) It was confirmed that both AE total counts(N, counts) and the weld tensile strength (${\sigma}$, kgf/$mm^2$) of the welded joints increase as the increase of heating time, respectively, the relations between N and $t_1$, ${\sigma}$ and $t_1$ are computed from data points by regression analysis using the least square method as follows in case of the above proper condition ; N=50108+23917(ln $t_1$)${\sigma}$$=11.85+2.06(ln $t_1$). 4) Both empirical and calcularated equations of relationship between .sigma. and N are very coincident with a high reliability, as the following in case of the above proper welding condition ; Calculated : ${\sigma}$=0.00008N+7.5 Empirical :${\sigma}$= $8.17e^{0.0000072N}$. 5) It was confirmed that the real-time nondestructive weld strength evaluation for friction welding of copper(C1100) to aluminium(A1050) could be possible by acoustic emission technique.