• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.804-810
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• 2004

There are two important things for the general purpose neural network processor. The first is a capability to build various structures of neural network, and the second is to be able to support suitable learning method for that neural network. Some way to process various learning algorithms is required for on-chip learning, because the more neural network types are to be handled, the more learning methods need to be built into. In this paper, an improved hardware structure is proposed to compute various kinds of learning algorithms flexibly. The hardware structure is based on the existing modular neural network structure. It doesn't need to add a new circuit or a new program for the learning process. It is shown that rearrangements of the existing processing elements can produce several neural network learning modules. The performance and utilization of this module are analyzed by comparing with other neural network chips.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.412-432
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics and the level of fourth grade elementary students' system thinking when they learn the unit of "Journey of Water" in terms of four key elements of system thinking such as understanding of the structure of a system, non-linearity and cyclic features, inter-relations and feedback between system properties, and temporal and invisible aspects of a system. Data included students' worksheets and their responses to a set of Likert-scaled and written assessment items on water cycle. The results showed that the level of students' system thinking did not have any hierarchy in relation to the key elements of water cycle system. In addition, the aspects of individual student's system thinking on its sub-elements were different from each other. Also, there were core ideas of system thinking which were intensively considered according to a given context to understand a complex systemic subject. When students learn water cycle, understanding of non-linearity and inter-relations were weaker compared with other key elements of system thinking. Therefore, if these two factors are taught in advance, it can promote understanding of whole system of water cycle.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.153-168
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• 2004

This study begins with the interests of the problems in learning a region under the Korean National Curriculum in geography field and the perceptions on the region which affects students 'formation of regional concept. The purposes of this study are to find problems in learning a region and to construct a new content for learning a region to improve the current problems. This study suggests that it is necessary for student to establish a clear concept on a region in order to effectively learn a region. Therefore, this study reviews how concepts on a region have changed and selects important elements in learning a region by considering a level of students' understanding. The important elements selected in this study are the definition of a region, the formation of a region, and the system of a region. By learning a real region established as a 'region for instruction' of a medium scale, students can reach an appropriate level of meaningful understanding of a region. This study found that an appropriate selection of scale in choosing the extent of a region was critical in success of effective organization of learning contents.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.529-538
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• 2014

This study was conducted as an need analysis through close and open semi-structured surveys, in order to identify the adaptive elements of the adaptive e-learning system. The study was conducted on students majoring computer education in teacher's college. In terms of the process of the need analysis, Rossett Model was applied. For the research method, responses on the open questionnaire were analyzed. In terms of the analysis method, coding was used to extract the theme of the content, and through the constant comparison method, categorizing took place. As the element that offers adaption in the adaptive learning system, it escapes from the existing learning style, and recognized the importance of providing adaptability for different elements such as the learner's level, learning objectives, and learning contents. Especially, An instructional model was identified as an important element that helps reach rationality as well as efficiently conduct the learning objectives.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.341-358
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• 2021

Corona, which first broke out in 2020, has caused many changes in many parts of society. Education was not an exception to this change. Teachers had to prepare online classes and students were asked to participate in it without sufficient preparation. Regarding online learning, many studies, in the field of developing teaching module and material or observing the satisfaction of online class, were conducted but there was no study based on how online class is happening in school. Therefore, this study was to investigate the current situation and satisfaction of online class for high school students and explored the relationship between sub-elements of mathematics learning and the level of satisfaction of online learning. As a result, mathematics online class was generally conducted in the form of real-time interactive classes and students felt a little satisfied with it. However, some conflicting opinions were expressed on the continuation of mathematics online learning. In addition, the study found that the higher level of satisfaction students have with online class, the difference appears in the sub-elements of learning mathematics such as values of mathematics, and motivation to learn, willingness to learn mathematics, learning strategies according to the safisfactory level of online class.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.295-306
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• 2014

A form of life is changed rapidly through development of ICT. And we need information ethics as a new norm of information-oriented society. The effect of information ethics can be maximized by education. Therefore, a new curriculum is demanded by new technology and circumstance. Korea Association of Information education has studied a new curriculum and suggested a new plan that contents of information education classified by 'Software', 'Computer System' and 'Convergence Activities' sections. And the 'Convergence Activities' section is composed of 'Information Ethics', 'Productivity Tools' and 'Robot'. In this paper, we studied on learning elements of the 'Information Ethics' of first grade to ninth grade. We analysed the domestic and foreign curriculum, research results and new issues about information ethics and selected the learning elements about information ethics. We nextly suggested the achievement goals, teaching-learning methods and evaluation methods of information ethics. We expect that the learning elements we suggested about information ethics will contribute to deal with wisely information dysfunction and to training correct talented individuals.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.645-658
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• 2003

This study was carried out to analyze inquiry area of the chemistry (II) textbooks which were published by the 7th curriculum. The study attempts to analyze the degree to which chemistry (II) textbooks reflected the guidelines of the 7th science curriculum and propose educational suggestions for the inquiry learning. The analysis of the inquiry area was carried out based on the suggested inquiry elements of the 7th science curriculum. Overall, for the analysis of inquiry elements, basic inquiry elements except classifying suggested by the 7th science curriculum were well reflected on the textbooks. However, for the integrated inquiry elements, interpreting data takes almost half of the total integrated inquiry elements. Other integrated inquiry elements except drawing conclusion and transforming data were reflected less than ten percent. Investigation was also reflected less than ten percent of all inquiry activity. And inquiry activities were limited in terms of variety with few projects and no field trip. The main essence of the 7th science curriculum is the emphasis on total inquiry learning through various integrated inquiry elements and inquiry activities for higher grade students. Thus it is suggested that teachers provide inquiry learning which can supplement the textbook.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.17-32
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• 2002

Even though the distance education via web has a great advantage to overcome time and space, its problem is that the management of trainees is not efficient compared with classroom and group education. This problem is a great obstacle to the objects and achievement standards of distance education, giving controversial arguments to the advocators of distance education. Distance educators need to monitor the trainees'participation and responses continuously and offer appropriate feedback to the trainees. However, the existing distance education system only focuses on teaching and learning activities, and as a result, the efficient management function of distance education is not available. Accordingly, the study attempts to find out the appropriate managing elements of distance teacher training in order to effectively achieve the goals of teacher training and the efficient management of distance education. Also, it proposes distance teacher training management system that offers appropriate feedback to trainees, applying the derived elements of distance teacher training to the training processes. To verify the efficiency of the system, hypotheses on related items of distance teacher education and learning types are suggested, and the achievement degree of learning and its relations are investigated through questionnaire of learning types. In addition, a system using UML which is the standard of object-oriented modeling language is devised, so. that mutual management, language independence and convenient development environment as well as reusability can be offered, and so the design standardization and efficient system realization could be achieved, while flexible change of system according to education process and computing environment is possible.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.245-254
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• 2019

In the 2015 revision curriculum, software education must be conducted for 17 hours in elementary school fifth or sixth grade. Pre_service elementary teachers should be able to teach software. In this study, learning factors according to the achievement criteria for software education will be defined for pre-service elementary teachers. Pre-service teachers were taught by learning elements. As a result, the pre_service teachers were able to create teaching and evaluation materials for each learning element. It was also found that the pre-service teachers improved their ability to teach software education in elementary school based on these materials.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.115-126
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• 2001

In constructive view, acquiring knowledge is made by experiences among members or elements. The knowledge in e-learning system can be extended up to knowledge of teachers and knowledge. of operating managers. We have many difficult problems to develop and manage e-1earning system because demanders on e-learning system have various. requirements. In traditional education system demanders are learners but in constructive view demanders can be extended to learners and teachers, operating mangers on e-learning system., In this study, we design and implement e-learning system named kedu V.1. Kedu V.1 is developed considering interactions of extended demanders of e-learning system in constructive view. And this system based on Linux operation system and MySQL, PHP. Also this system have efficient transplantation and portability capabilities and reduced cost and labor in implementation of real e-learning system