• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.321-332
• /
• 2020

Background and objective: The concept of 'money' in the numbers and operations domain is a fundamentally necessary domain of economic life. This study was conducted to examine the effects of a horticulture-mathematics integration program on mathematical attitude and money calculating ability of high school students with intellectual disabilities. Methods: We analyzed the changes in the mathematical attitude and money calculating ability of students with mild intellectual disabilities in S special school in the city of D, Republic of Korea, with 12 students in the control group and 12 students in the experimental group, from August 27 to October 29, 2019. Results: The results of the comparison showed no statistically significant changes in the three items of mathematical attitude for the control group, while the experimental group, which took part in the horticulture-mathematics integration program, showed statistically significant differences across all three items, such as self-concept about the subject (p = .003), attitude toward the subject (p = .004), and study habit related to the subject (p = .012). The horticulture-mathematics integration program, which was developed by integrating horticultural activities and the mathematics curriculum, used plants and horticultural activities to provide students with positive experiences in mathematics. These included the sense of closeness, curiosity, interest, attention, and enjoyment, leading to positive changes in mathematical attitude. In terms of money calculating ability, both the control group and experimental group showed statistical differences across the three items, but the experimental group showed greater degrees of increase, 15.0 or more, in the scores compared to the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that utilizing horticultural materials as a part of purchase learning programs with elements of money calculation chapters in the mathematics curriculum could lead to the improvement of students' ability in money calculation. These positive changes are thought to be related to the high degrees of interest in horticulture among students, which led to active participation in the program and enabled the simple and repeated purchase activities in the program to generate positive changes in the money calculation ability of the students.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
• /
• v.69
• /
• pp.105-137
• /
• 2022

This paper is to study the characteristics of outdoor wilderness education and the impacts of outdoor wilderness experience on the participants in higher education. The first part of this paper addresses the common components of outdoor wilderness programs: adventure or self-discovery in disequilibrium, small groups for accountability in a temporary community, problem solving processes for decision making in real situations, solo time for integration in solitude, and leadership styles and role of the trip leaders. These elements of outdoor wilderness programs help the participants to achieve their goals according to its mission. The second part of this paper divides outdoor wilderness programs into three categories according to the objectives and outcomes of outdoor wilderness education: orientation programs for incoming students, personal leadership development programs, and professional training programs. The impacts of outdoor wilderness experiences on the participants of different programs in higher education were reviewed. Then guidelines for spiritual formation prorgams were proposed for Christian educators who are involved in wilderness programs in higher education to develop their practical wilderness experiences into holistic development programs according to its mission and goals.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.375-384
• /
• 2022

As artificial intelligence(AI) education becomes essential in elementary schools with the revised 2022 curriculum, it is necessary to develop an AI curriculum for elementary school students. In this study, I developed the AI content framework to cultivate AI literacy of elementary school students. AI education areas were largely divided into AI understanding and AI development, and detailed areas were divided into eight categories: using of AI, impact of AI, AI ethics, recognition of AI, data expression, data exploring, learning of AI, and prediction of AI. In addition, twice expert Delphi surveys were conducted to verify the validity of the subject elements and achievement standards for each area. The final draft was finalized after reflecting expert opinions on the AI education content framework. In order for AI education to be expanded in elementary schools in the future, continuous research is needed, such as developing textbooks and teaching tools according based on the AI framework proposed in this study, securing the lesson hours to apply them to schools, and correcting and supplementing the problems of them.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.28 no.9
• /
• pp.167-176
• /
• 2023

In this paper, we designed and implemented a graph assessment module that can evaluate graphs in an programming assessment system based on text and numbers. The assessment method of the graph assessment module is self-evaluation that outputs two graphs generated by codes submitted by learners and by answers, automatic-evaluation that converts each graph image into an array, and gives feedback if it is wrong. The data used to generate the graph can be inputted directly or used from external data, and the method of generatng graph that can be evaluated is MATLAB style in matplotlib, and the graph shape that can be evaluated is presented in mathematics and curriculum. Through expert review, it was confirmed that the content elements of the assessment module, the possibility of learning, and the validity of the learner's needs were met. The graph assessment module developed in this study has expanded the evaluation area of the programming automatic asssessment system and is expected to help students learn data visualization.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2022.10a
• /
• pp.182-184
• /
• 2022

As artificial intelligence (AI) is emphasized in elementary and secondary school education, interest in AI-applied class activities is increasing. Since AI is taught across various subjects in schools, teachers must plan lessons based on the principles of convergence education. In this paper, the concept of convergence education and matters to be considered for productive class activities were reviewed. Then, considerations for designing AI classes in schools are presented in the following aspects: characteristics of AI education in schools; educational goals for each school level in the general guidelines of the national curriculum; resources to be referenced when composing class content; perspectives on AI-applied software; and anticipated instructional procedures. As a suggestion, the following is presented. First, it is necessary to derive competencies that can be cultivated by AI education in school. Second, it is necessary to specify the design elements and procedures of AI classes based on the subject characteristics.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2021.08a
• /
• pp.261-267
• /
• 2021

This study examines the purpose and goals of ICT education, compares them with current software and artificial intelligence-oriented information curriculum, analyzes foreign SW curriculum, extracts learning topics and elements, and analyzes whether the current information curriculum is presented effectively. As a result of the analysis, the number of information-related courses in Korea is currently lower than in other countries, which has reduced the number of basic computer applications and underlying software applications such as presentations and spreadsheets covered in ICT training in the past. In addition, compared to Korea's curriculum where information education begins in the fifth grade of elementary school, other countries are introducing information education from the first grade to the third grade of elementary school. Therefore, active discussions on the expansion of the number of information education, the timing of introduction of information education, and the utilization of basic computers are needed.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.59-73
• /
• 2009

The library could get infinite possibilities of the space, if people had recognized that the library was not only the space for the reading and collecting of the books but also a special space for accomplishment of the investigation, learning, communication, and culture. Also, it can be desirable way for implementing the hybrid library. It means that combine with the traditional library which is the most important thing is a real space and the digital library, in contrast, the which is that the most important thing is the cyberspace. The purpose of this study is to develop a practical model for hybrid library based on the concept of information commons which is cooperation of the space, information technology and information services. This study intends to figure out the core elements involved in operative aspect of hybrid library through comparative analysis of domestic and foreign cases applied Information commons concepts to the library.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
• /
• v.55 no.1
• /
• pp.3-24
• /
• 2009

The Harry Potter series is considered to represent the multicultural aspect of contemporary British society and to show critical perspectives of racism. This series, however, also includes many elements of British imperialism. This paper examines the ideas about education and Harry's role in relation to British imperialism. One of the main ideas prevalent in 19th century British boys' public schools was that people's blood origin is the most important element in determining their characteristics, ability and moral qualities. The students' inherited capacity and their family background are more highly regarded than their secondary learning and training. This reflects a 19th century concept that ultimately, inborn quality makes 'a hero', a truth presented in the educational policies of Hogwarts. Hogwarts' educational policies and systems can also be related to 'developmentalism', which defines children as imperfect, in-progress and incomplete, thus needing proper training and discipline. As this concept functioned to justify the control of children while educating them, Hogwarts adopts diverse controlling devices and oppressive policies, which are mainly justified in the name of education. On the one hand, child characters are controlled and oppressed by the school authorities, on the other hand, some of the students such as Harry have remarkable magic powers enough to resist the adult authority and even to save the magic society from the evil power. Harry plays dual roles, which the British boys of the Empire were assigned from their society; they are important heirs to conquer the 'evil' or 'barbarous' world but need to be obedient to a 'good' authority to achieve the mission. Harry's magic power and self-discipline ultimately contribute to fulfilling Dumbledore's mission, which mirrors 19th century British boys' roles as the heirs of the British Empire.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.1087-1098
• /
• 2023

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has led to its proactive utilization across various fields. However, this widespread adoption of AI-based systems has raised concerns about the increasing threat of attacks on these systems. In particular, deep neural networks, commonly used in deep learning, have been found vulnerable to adversarial attacks that intentionally manipulate input data to induce model errors. In this study, we propose a method to protect image classification models from visually imperceptible One-Pixel attacks, where only a single pixel is altered in an image. The proposed defense technique utilizes an autoencoder model to remove potential threat elements from input images before forwarding them to the classification model. Experimental results, using the CIFAR-10 dataset, demonstrate that the autoencoder-based defense approach significantly improves the robustness of pretrained image classification models against One-Pixel attacks, with an average defense rate enhancement of 81.2%, all without the need for modifications to the existing models.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.927-934
• /
• 2023

With the recent growth of the companion animal market, various social issues related to companion animals have also come to the forefront. Notable problems include incidents of dog bites, the challenge of managing abandoned companion animals, euthanasia, animal abuse, and more. As potential solutions, a variety of training programs such as companion animal-focused broadcasts and educational apps are being offered. However, these options might not be very effective for novice caretakers who are uncertain about what to prioritize in training. While training apps that are relatively easy to access have been widely distributed, apps that allow users to directly engage in training and learn through hands-on experience are still insufficient. In this paper, we propose a more efficient AR-based mobile app for companion animal training, utilizing the Unity engine. The results of usability evaluations indicated increased user engagement due to the inclusion of elements that were previously absent. Moreover, training immersion was enhanced, leading to improved learning outcomes. With further development and subsequent verification and production, we anticipate that this app could become an effective training tool for novice caretakers planning to adopt companion animals, as well as for experienced caretakers.