• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2023

The registration rate of eco-friendly vehicles, such as hydrogen vehicles, is increasing rapidly, however, few first responders have experienced related accidents. Accident scenarios at hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen vehicles on a road were investigated, and the relative importance of each scenario was analyzed using AHP analysis. Leakage, jet flame, and explosion that occurred inside and outside the hydrogen refueling station were reviewed, and the hydrogen gas explosion in the compartment showed the highest importance value. In case of the hydrogen vehicle, traffic accident statistics and actual accidents were used. It was analyzed that the hydrogen vessel explosion on the road due to the failure of TPRD and the leakage in the underground parking area were difficult to respond. The developed accident scenarios are expected to be used for first responder training.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2012.07a
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• pp.607-608
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• 2012

지중화 전선의 증가에 따라 유지 보수의 필요성이 증대되는 지중전선의 누전점 탐지장치의 편의성을 증대하기 위한 기술 구현가능성을 검토하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.361-367
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• 2010

The use of antifouling(AF) paints is the effective method for the protection of underwater structures from the development of marine fouling organisms. The ban on harmful substances in antifouling paints requires the development of new antifouling strategies although Tributyitin (TBT) compound had been used extensively as an active ingredient Alternatives should be as effective as conventional paints but have lower toxicity. In the present study, a TBT-free self-polishing (Cu SPC) AF paint containing $Cu_2O$, a Cu free SPC AF paint, and a Foul-release silicone AF paint, which were commercially available, were examined to investigate environmental erects of leakage waters employing Sebastes shlegeli and Artemia. Survival rates were inversely proportional to the concentration of leakage waters from AF paints and the acute toxicity of SPC AF paints was relatively higher than that of foul release AF paints.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2014

Purpose: In this study, we performed ventilation simulations for a standard isolation ward including three intensive care rooms, one anteroom(buffer room), and its recommended ventilation equipments. The purpose of this study is to predict outflow of pathogenic bacteria from patient breath to verify the reliability and the safety of the isolation ward. Methods: We suppose three scenarios of the movement of medical staff. The leakage of patient's breath to out of the ward is predicted in these scenarios using CFD simulations. Results: The patient's breath leakage rate to out of the ward in scenario 1 according to room air changes per hour(ACH : 6 and 12) is predicted to be 0.000057% and 0.00002%, respectively. The patient's breath leakage rate to out of the ward in scenario 2 according to room air changes(ACH : 6 and 12) is predicted to be 0.00063% and 0.00019%, respectively. The patient's breath leakage rate to out of the ward in scenario 3, which is the worst case(6 room air changes) is predicted to be 0.1%. Implications: Through the ventilation simulation like that in this study, the reliability and the safety on isolation performance of various plan of isolation ward are predicted quantitatively.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 2012

It is the well-known fact that most part of goods transported are moved on the unfavorable ocean and even a small amount of accident on sea is extremely dangerous for human lives, financial losses, and social responsibility. Among the several causes of accidents, those by fire have occurred frequently and their damage has been highly serious. The aim of this paper is to assess the risk of fires due to oil leakage in the machinery space. To define the possible fire scenario, our team has performed the search of casualty database and reviewed the previous and various studies in the field. As a result, it is noted that the quantitative risk of the fire scenario have been evaluated on the ground of the FSA risk model. The expected frequency of a fire amounts to incidents during the life of a ship, and the expected financial damage amounts to 5,654 USD per a ship. By adopting Safety Instrumented System (SIS) introduced in IEC 61508 and IEC 61511, SIS model is designed to prevent oil leakage fire as a risk reduction method. It is concluded that System Integrity Level (SIL) 1 seems to be appropriate level of SIS.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2006

An abnormal seepage flow, which is mainly caused by the piping, is one of the major reasons for embankment dam failure. A leakage detection is therefore a vital part of an embankment dam's monitoring. Resistivity method, which is an efficient tool to detect leakage zones, has been used all over the world for an embankment dam's monitoring. Although the resistivity method gives us very useful information about the leakage problem, there is no more quantitative interpretation than the low resistivity zones in the 2-dimensional resistivity section are regraded simply as the anomalous seepage zones. Recently, resistivity monitoring technique is applied for the detection of leakage zones. However, its interpretation still remains in the stage of presenting the resistivity ratio itself. An increased seepage flow increases a porosity and an increasing porosity decreases the dam's stability. Therefore, the porosity is one of the major factors for an embankment dam's stability. Based on Archie's experimental formula, we try to evaluate a porosity distribution from the resistivity data which is obtained on the dam's crest. We also attempt to represent a procedure to evaluate a safety index of the embankment dam from the resistivity monitoring data.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.46-53
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• 2013

The architecture environment has changed. The corresponding design criteria should be changed. From July 27th, 2005 the Korea Standard of the fire door changed concerning the smoke resistance test which made the door gap structure more elaborate. However the National Fire Safety Codes are applied by the old data's of England. Which in case differs in the actual construction to the blue print, making the safety standard too excessive. Analyze the results and the phenomenon that occurs due to the difference between design and reality. The National Fire Safety Codes should be revised to leakage crack calculation is presented. Difference of the air flow for the smoke protection due to the stack effect analyzed. Living patterns and evacuation patterns of the apartment reflect and reasonable air flow measurement method are presented.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.106-111
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• 2021

Background: Crookes tube is utilized in junior high and high schools in Japan to study the character of electrons and current, and not for radiological education. There is no official guideline or regulation for these radiation source to the public. Therefore, most teachers have no information about the leakage of X-rays from Crookes tube. The peak energy of X-rays is approximately 20 keV, and it is impossible to measure using conventional survey meters. Materials and Methods: Each leakage dose of low energy X-rays from 38 Crookes tube in the education field, such as junior and senior high schools in Japan, was explored by the teachers in the school using radio-photoluminescence (RPL) dosimeters. Before and after the measurements, the dosimeters were sent by postal mails. Results and Discussion: At the exploration in this study, it was estimated that the 70 ㎛ dose equivalent, H_p(0.07) of X-rays from 31 Crookes tubes were smaller than 100 µSv in 10 minutes, at the distance of 1 m, where the Crookes tube was usually observed. However, the highest dose was estimated as 0.69 mSv by an equipment with the full power. Furthermore, one Crookes tube exhibited 0.62 mSv with minimum output power of the induction coil. This relatively large dose was reduced by the shorter distance of discharge electrodes of the induction coil. Conclusion: The leakage dose of low energy X-rays from 38 Crookes tube was explored using RPL dosimeters. It was estimated that the H_p(0.07) of X-rays from 31 Crookes tubes were smaller than 100 µSv in 10 minutes at the distance of 1 m, while some equipment radiated a higher dose. With this study, the provisional guideline for the safety operation of Crookes tube is established.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1369-1374
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• 2021

Recently, controversy has been raised over the security and safety of Chinese-made network equipment (Huawei 5G), apps (TikTok, etc.). In particular, according to the results of the Ministry of Defense investigation in 2020, malicious codes were found in CCTVs made in China that were delivered as military surveillance equipment used as a coast guard system, and specific information was remotely transmitted to a Chinese server. The safety issues of these Chinese security products can be questioned as being systematically led by the state rather than by companies or individuals. In this paper, we perform network and process level analysis of 360 Total Security(360 TS), a Chinese antivirus software. In addition, it compares and analyzes the domestic cloud-based vaccine V3 Lite product. Through this, the safety of Chinese security solutions is checked and information leakage and risks are suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.36-40
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• 2022

Recently, the biggest topic in the industry is the area of industrial safety and health management. Since city gas is flammable gas and has a high risk of fire and explosion, much effort is required to prevent serious industrial and citizenry disasters. As part of city gas safety management, this study attempted to quantitatively predict the scope and degree of damage in the event of an explosion accident caused by city gas leakage through the Consequence Analysis. As a result, there was a difference in the accident result value according to various leakage conditions such as pressure and weather conditions. Through this study, a scenario of explosion due to city gas leakage will be prepared when performing city gas safety management work and used to prepare more effective accident prevention and emergency action plans.