• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.415-421
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• 2006

The following concentrations of some PAHs were investigated; [benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene] in vegetables(n=160) and fruits(n=50). The food samples were purchased at the local markets in Seoul, Chuncheon, Daejeon, Kwangju and Pusan. The samples were radish, onion, bean sprouts, welsh onion, chinese cabbage, spinach, young pumpkin, garlic, cucumber, carrot, lettuce, sesame leaf, tangerine, persimmon, apple, pear and banana. The methodology involved ultrasonic extraction with dichloromethane, clean-up on Sep-Pak florisil cartridges and determination by HPLC/FLD (High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Fluorescence Detector). Overall method recoveries for 8 PAHs spiked into these products ranged from 95 to 102%. The mean level of the following PAHs were determined; benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene and indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene in vegetables and fruits was N.D., 0.014 ng/g, 0.031 ng/g, 0.016 ng/g, 0.019 ng/g, 0.091 ng/g, 0.016 ng/g and N.D., respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.30-33
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• 2003

최근 건강에 대한 인지도가 높아감에 따라 농산물의 안정성 요구도가 증가되고 있으며 환경농업의 필요성이 크게 대두되고 있고, 서구식 식문화의 급속한 도입으로 패스트푸드 식품과 육류 소비량의 증가로 신선채소의 소비가 증가되고 있는데 이에 따른 생산비 절감과 안정생산 기술이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 양액 공급에 따른 전력 등 에너지가 필요치 않고 일종의 폐쇄식 수경재배 방법으로써 작물이 주위 환경에 따라 양수분 흡수량이 다르므로 모세관 현상으로 배지내의 수분이 작물의 흡수한 만큼 공급되어 이용되고 배액이 없으므로 공해의 염려가 없고 고품질 채소의 저비용 생산이 가능한 새로운 모관양액공급시스템을 이용하여 양액공급시스템의 효율성을 검정하고 네트멜론과 몇 가지 엽채소의 생육특성을 구명코자 수행하였다. (중략)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.379-389
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• 1993

Several studies have shown that extracts from yellow-green vegetables reveal antitumor activities. In the present study we investigated the effect of phytol in order to elucidate the immunological mechanism of antitumor activity of this substance. The results obtained from the experiment as follows: 1) Phytol showed cytotoxic effect on sarcoma 180 cells in vitro. 2) When phytol was injected into the peritoneal cavity of mice transplanted with sarcoma 180 cells, the average survival time (24.0 days) tended to increase as compared with the nontreated control (19.2 days). 3) When sarcoma 180 cells were injected subcutaneously into the right groin of mice, and then phytol was injected into the peritoneal cavity, the tumor inhibition ratio was 33%. 4) The natural killer(NK) cell activity was significantly augmented by phytol in vitro and in vivo. Similar augmentations of NK cell activity were obtained with culture supernatants of phytol exposed spleen cells and peripheral blood mononuiclear cells. 5) Phytol on the macrophage from peritoneal cavity showed a higher effectiveness in vivo than in vitro. These results indicate that phytol shows the inhibitory effect for growth of sarcoma 180 cells in vitro, also it can augment macrophage and NK cell activities in vivo.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.629-634
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• 1998

Factory-style plant production system aims to produce the standardized horticultural products with high quality and cleanness. In Korea, researches for year-round leaf vegetables production system are in progress and the most of them are focused on environment control. Automating technologies for harvesting, transporting and grading need to be developed. A lettuce harvesting system applicable to the plant factory was studied. It was composed of an articulated robot with a cutter and a gripper, lettuce feeding conveyor and air blower. Success rate of the developed system was 94.7 %. The system carried out harvesting a lettuce smoothly and the harvesting time was about 6 seconds per lettuce. The results showed a feasibility of robotic lettuce harvesting.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.357-360
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• 2022

In July 2021, we surveyed diseases affecting wild vegetables grown in Hongcheon, Gangwon Province, Korea. During this survey, we observed severe seedling rot symptoms in Kamchatka goatsbeard (Aruncus dioicus) grown in a vinyl greenhouse. The incidence of the disease in the plant seedlings was 1-10%. Diseased seedlings from this population were collected, and fungi were isolated from leaf and petiole lesions. Rhizoctonia sp. was consistently isolated from the lesions. We examined the morphological and cultural characteristics and anastomosis groups of nine Rhizoctonia sp. isolates obtained from the lesions. The results revealed that all isolates corresponded to Rhizoctonia solani AG-1(IB). Three isolates of R. solani AG-1( IB) were evaluated to determine their pathogenicity towards Kamchatka goatsbeard seedlings through artificial inoculation. The tested isolates caused rot symptoms on the inoculated plant seedlings. The symptoms were similar to those observed in plant seedlings from the vinyl greenhouse. We found that R. solani AG-1(IB) caused seedling rot of Kamchatka goatsbeard.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2014

Cacalia firma is a perennial plant in Asteraceae, Parasenecio that distributed in Korea, China, and Japan. As dietary style changes for well-being life, consumer's demand of functional food and organic vegetables is getting increased. This study was conducted to investigate the optimum light conditions of P. firmus in forest farming. One year old seedlings were grown under four different light conditions 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50% of sunlight by shading (equals 50%, 30%, 20%, and 10% relative brightness respectively) and non-treated control under full sunlight. They were analyzed for early growth and physiological response. Seedlings grown under 75% shading showed similar height, root growth, and leaf water content to control. However, their leaf length, width, and total leaf area were increased, which caused increased leaf dry weight and total dry weight. Especially, seedlings under 95% shading showed 40% increase in height and more leaf growth and leaf water content, although they had shorter main root length and root collar diameter than control. In addition specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area ratio (LAR) were higher than control and indicated that they were statistically significant difference from control. Higher SLA refers thinner leaf thickness, higher LAR means larger leaf area. The results indicate seedlings under 95% shading have higher water content, thinner leaf, and wider lightinterception areas. It is plausible that P. firmus is active in chlorophyll activities and carbon dioxide assimilation at even lower light conditions. These results suggest that the optimum light level of P. firmus for artificial cultivation in forest farming ranges from 75~95% shading (20%-10% of relative brightness). When salability as 'sanchae' (wild edible greens) is considered, P. firmus could be cultivated under 75% shading in forest farming and expected to have better taste and higher yield. We suggest these results as basic data of P. firmus for possible forest farming.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 1987

Effect of microbiological product manure (Bio-com) on the growth and yield of vegetables and on physico-chemical properties of soil. Leaf lettuce and Garland Chrysanthemum were taken for test plants. A Jungdong (Series) silty loam soil was used for pot experiments. The results are summarized as following: 1. Treatment with Bio-com stimulated plant growth that were increased in the number of leaf, leaf area, plant height and root length both for Leaf lettuce and Garland Cyrysanthemum. 2. Yield increase of 123-1170% was obtained from Bio-com treatments compared to N.P.K.+manure treatment. Application of 2250 kg/10a of Bio-com gave the highest yield. 3. Fertilizer effect of Bio-com appeared much earlier than that of manure. 4. Plant content of $K_2O$ was highest when treated with Bio-com. Plants absorbed considerably more N, $P_2O_5$ and MgO. 5. Content of N, $P_2O_5$ in Garland Chrysanthemum were higher when treated with Bio-com. 6. Content of $P_2O_5$ in soil was at the highest level. Soil pH, content of exchangeable soil Ca and Mg were also high with Bio-com fertilization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.177-188
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• 1999

15 vegetables were cooked as fresh salad, scalding, steaming, boiling, panbroiling, and hardboiling and retention of vitamin(A, Ascorbic acid, Niacin) and minerals(P, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K)were investigated about those cooks during making process. Vitamins were shown as the best retention in fresh salad, while as the worst retention in scalding vegetables. Minerals were determined as the best retention in panbroiled, while as the worst retention in scalding and boiling vegetables. In all vegetables cookings, the order of vegetables which had good retention of vitamins and minerals were doraji>perilla leaf, cabbage>k, radish, cucumber>chamchwi, lettuce> mungbean sprout>spinach, burdock, sedum>carrot, squash>soybean sprout>eggplant. Also Vit.A was kept high retention level in fresh salad, panbroiling, hardboiling, Niacin was remained in fresh salad, hardboiling, steaming, vegetables highly and AsA was kept high level in fresh salad only. And P in panbroiling, steaming, Fe in fresh salad, scalding, boiling, panbroiling, hardboiling, Mg in fresh salad, panbroiling, hardboiling, Ca in fresh salad, steaming, boiling, panbroiling, hardborling, Na in panbroiling, hardboiling and K in fresh salad pan, broiling, hardboiling were retained as high level.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 1982

Nitrate and nitrite, which readily produce N-nitrosamines by reaction with secondary amines, are widely distributed in natural products such as vegetables and cereals, and are also used as a color fixation in meat products or fish roes. This experiment was carried out to determine the contents of nitrate and nitrite in foods such as fermented sea foods and fresh vegetables purchased at markets in Korea. The contents of nitrate were $0.74\sim13.81\;ppm$ for fermented sea foods and $4.0\sim1,572.5\;ppm$for fresh vegetables. As for vegetables, the nitrate levels of edible herbs were relatively higher than those of greens, fruits and rootcrops. The nitrite contents in fermented demoisells(Chromis notatus), fermented shrimp, fermented small squid, fermented anchovy and salted Alaska pollack roe were very little, while those in fermented hairtail and fermented entrails were not detected. As for vegetables, nitrite levels found for cabbage and lettuce were relatively as high as 3.8 ppm and $2.5\sim2.9\;ppm$, respectively, but were not detected in Korean cabbage, green perilla leaf, pepper, garlic and burdock. Of vegetables, the nitrate values in the outer part of Korean cabbage, stems of water cress and leaves of green onion were higher than in the other parts. Little variety of the nitrate levels were found during 4 days storage. In the comparison of low temperature storage and room temperature storage, lettuce, pumpkin and spinach contained higher levels of nitrate at low temperature storage, while eggplant and green onion, at room temperature storage.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.294-304
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• 2016

Members of the genus Brassica, which are known as oil crops or cruciferous vegetables, are widely cultivated in Canada, Australia, Asian and Europe. Because Brassica species have high yields, are well adapted to their environments, and are self-incompatible, the germplasm is abundant. Previous studies have reported abundant genetic diversity even within Brassica subspecies. In Korea, fresh cabbage leaves are eaten with roast meat, and to meet the current popular demand, new varieties are being increasingly bred. To determine the genetic diversity and relationships among the cabbage vegetables in Korea, we evaluated the genetic variation of 18 accessions based on 5S and 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences. We detected many variable nucleotide sites, especially in the 5S rRNA gene sequences. Because the length of the 18S rRNA gene might influence the dissimilarity rate statistics, we used both the 5S and 18S sequences to analyze the phylogenetic relationships. S7 (B. oleracea) showed the most distant phylogenetic relationship with the other Brassica species. Interestingly, B2 (B. oleracea), B15, and B18 (B. campestris) have three different types of leaf profiles, and were divided into one group, and the other Brassica species formed another group. Statistical analysis of interspecies and intraspecies genetic distances revealed that B. campestris L. showed higher genetic diversity than B. oleracea L. This work provides additional data that facilitates the evaluation of the genetic variation and relationships among Brassica species. The results could be used in functional plant breeding programs to improve Brassica crops.