• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 1990

The effect of bio-fertilizer, which was manufactured poultry manure, on the fall performance of Korean lawngrass was determined on a clay loam soil. Plant length was characterized by increasing the amount of bio-fertilizer applied. This trend was also true in dry matter yield of tops during the experimental period from August 31 through October 30. Both tiller numbers and stolon length steadily increased with increasing amount of bio-fertilizer applied, and 40m/t application of bio-fertilizer was found to be most effective on both components. performance shown on November 5 was prominent for both green leaf and root weights when the increased amount of bio-fertilizer was applied. Korean lawngrass had three times as much green leaf weight with 40m/t application of bio-fertilizer as with other treatments. Several functions of increment of above- ground part components caused by increasing root weight, which is greatly affected by bio-fertilizer application, was discussed. Turf quality was much improved by applying bio-fertilizer, indicating that this fertilizer might play an improtant role in respect of soil structure, water retention etc.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.785-790
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• 2001

Twelve indigenous male goats, comprising of six intact and six castrated (2.5-3 years; $24.4{\pm}0.62kg$) were assigned evenly into two dietary treatments, viz. $I_0$ and $I_{100}$ and were used to study the effect of supplementation of iodine on the nutrient utilization when their diet contained Leucaena leaf meal. They were offered a conventional concentrate mixture along with Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal, the latter to meet 50% of their crude protein (CP) requirements, and supplemented with either no iodine ($I_0$) or 0.1 mg of iodine ($I_{100}$)/day/animal as potassium iodide for a period of 105 days. Wheat straw given ad libitum was the sole source of roughage. A metabolism trial of 8 days duration was conducted after 90 days of experimental feeding. It was observed that the overall dry matter (DM) intake during experimental period was higher (p<0.05) in $I_{100}$ group as compared to $I_0$ group (508.6 vs. $443.7g\;d^{-1}$). The intake of CP, digestible crude protein (DCP) and metabolisable energy (ME), although non-significant, tended to be higher in the iodine supplemented group, $I_{100}$. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter (OM), CP, ether extract and crude fiber (CF) did not differ (p>0.05) between the treatments. However, nitrogen retention was higher (p<0.01) in $I_{100}$ than $I_0$ with the values being 2.63 and $1.70g\;d^{-1}$, respectively. No difference (p>0.05) was evident in the retention of calcium and phosphorus between the two groups. The castrated animal exhibited lower DM intake concurrent with higher digestibility of DM and crude fibre (p<0.05), and organic matter and total carbohydrates (p<0.01) when compared to intact ones. It was concluded that supplementation of iodine to leucaena based ration may help in improving the DM intake and nitrogen utilization by goats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 1969

This experiment was conducted for 4 weeks to compare the feeding values of dried meal of Russian Comfrey and Kale as green feeds with Acacia leaf meal and Ladino clover meal, and to investigate the effects of feeding these on the total cholesterol in blood serum and liver fat content. Seventy-five male chicks of Single Comb White Leghorn were allotted into 5 treatments. Fifteen birds in each treatment were received Russian Comfrey meal, Kale meal, Acasia leaf meal, Ladino clover meal or no dried meal, respectively. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. No significant differences were recognized between the treatments and control in the growth rate, feed consumption, feed efficiency, utilization of nutrients, nitrogen retention and metabolizable energy value. 2. Carotene content in Russian Comfrey and Kale has been decreased as the growing stage advanced, and the leaves of both vegetable contained significantly (p<0.01) more carotene than that in stems. Vitamin C content of leaves was also signifcantly (p<0.01) higher than that in stems, however, vitamin C content has been increased as the growing stage advanced. 3. Toltal cholesterol content in blood serum of the chickens fed the Acacia leaf meal or Russian Comfrey meal was significantly (p<0.05) lower than Ladino clover meal fed group or those received no green feeds. Kale seems to decrease cholesterol content a little. Above results indicated that Acacia leaf and Russian Comfrey might contain certain substances that would depressing the cholesterol content. 4. No significant differences in the liver fat were discovered among the treatment but it was observed that liver fat was decreased as the cholesterol content increased.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1446-1458
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• 2013

The study assessed the effect of dietary supplementation of leaf meal mixture (LMM) containing condensed tannins (CT) on feed intake, nutrient utilization and performance of sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus. Eighteen adult sheep of similar age and body weight ($25.03{\pm}1.52$) were included in this study and out of these, 12 sheep were infected with single dose of infective third stage larvae of H. contortus at 2,000 larvae per sheep. The experimental sheep were allocated in three different groups' i.e. negative control (NC; no infection), control (C; H. contortus infected) and treatment (T; H. contortus infected+CT at 1.5% of the DM through LMM) and the experiment was conducted for a period of 90 d. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and digestibility of DM, OM, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were comparable among three animal groups. However, digestibility of crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in NC group as compared to both C and T groups. Nitrogen (N) retention (g/d or % of N intake) was significantly (p = 0.038) lower in C group as compared to T and NC groups. Daily intake (g/kg $W^{0.75}$) of digestible crude protein (DCP), digestible organic matter (DOM) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) did not differ significantly (p<0.05) in the three groups. Haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly (p<0.001) higher in treatment group as compared to control. The level of Hb and PCV reduced (p<0.001) after 30 days of experimental feeding. CT significantly (p<0.001) reduced serum urea in T group as compared to NC and C groups. Serum proteins differed significantly (p<0.01) among the three groups. The activity of serum enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and LDH were also statistically non significant (p<0.05) among treatments. The weight of abomasal lymph nodes (ALN) in T group was higher (p<0.05) than in C group. Treatment group had lower (p<0.05) total worms and fecal egg count compared to control group. It may be concluded that dietary supplementation of CT through LMM significantly improved the N retention, and inhibited the different developmental stages of Haemonchus contortus in experimental sheep.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.651-659
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• 2015

본 연구는 민들레 추출물이 분쇄돈육의 품질 및 관능특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 분쇄돈육은 돈육등심과 지방에 냉수 10% 첨가(대조군), 민들레 잎 추출물 10% 첨가(DL), 민들레 뿌리 추출물 10% 첨가(DR), 그리고 전체 부위 추출물 10% 첨가(DW)하여 네 종류를 제조하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 대조군, DL, DR 및 DW가 각각 2,07, 6.49, 3.85 및 5.77 mg/100 g으로 DL이 다른 분쇄돈육들보다 더 높았다. 명도($L^*$) 및 황색도($b^*$)는 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었지만, 적색도($a^*$)는 DL이 가장 높았다. pH는 대조군이 가장 높았고, VBN 함량은 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. TBARS는 대조군, DL, DR 및 DW가 각각 0.52, 0.20, 0.31 및 0.24 mg MA/kg으로 DL에서 가장 낮았다. 생육 및 가열육의 수분, 단백질, 지방 및 회분함량은 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 분쇄돈육의 수율, 보수력, 수분 보유율, 지방 보유율 및 직경 감소율은 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 총 유리아미노산 함량은 2,343.65~2,395.39 ppm으로 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 맛, 조직감, 다즙성 및 전체적인 기호성은 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었지만, 풍미는 DL이 가장 우수하였다. 민들레 추출물 첨가의 경우, 다른 부위보다 잎 추출물의 첨가가 총 폴리페놀 함량이 가장 높으며, 적색도와 관능적 풍미를 개선하고, 지방산화를 억제하는 것으로 나타나, 육제품의 천연 항산화제로 이용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.702-705
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• 2003

Forest by-product silage (FPS) comprised of foliage, shrubs, and wild grasses was prepared to examine feeding value as sole roughage source for spotted (sika) deer. This diet was compared with imported oak leaf hay (OLH) and a commercial mixed ration (CMR) in digestion balance trials with spotted deer. Dry matter intake was highest (p<0.05) on the OLH, whereas intakes of the FPS and CMR were similar (p>0.05). Digestibility of dry matter was highest (p<0.05) for CMR. Digestibility of crude protein was highest in CMR and lowest in OLH and there were significant differences (p<0.05) among diets. Average daily gain, digestible dry matter intake and digestibility of crude fiber did not differ significantly among diets. Nitrogen intake, urinary and digestible nitrogen were highest (p<0.05) in CMR. However, nitrogen retention was not significantly different. Consequently, FPS is a good roughage source for deer having high digestibility, dry matter intake and availability of nitrogen.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.113-116
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• 2000

Different phenological patterns of leaf and fruit fall among native and non-native riparian species provide a spatially and temporally heterogeneous series of alternative food resources for detritivores. Relatively little is known about qualitative differences among these different riparian species. Rates of litter inputs, decomposition, and retention for different sources of riparian litter require long-term documentation. Species of freshwater shrimps, crabs. insects. and gastropods are known to consume a wide range of litter inputs but how these dynamic food webs function under changing climatic and land-use conditions is unknown, especially in tropical streams. On-going studies in the Luquillo Experimental Forest. Puerto Rico provide an example of how inputs of fronds and fruits from palms (Prestoea montana) serve as important foods and microhabitat for species of freshwater crabs and shrimp. Native riparian species such as Prestoea montana are commonly distributed in the Luquillo Mountains especially along steep slopes and stream banks. After tropical storms with high winds, the large fronds from these native riparian trees provide important inputs of leaf litter to the stream food web. In some streams, the input of ripe fruit from non-native trees such as Java plum (Syzigium jambos) also provides a major source of detrital food resources, especially during periods when fruit fall from native species of palms may be limited.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.409-414
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• 2009

아까시나무는 척박지에서 적응력이 뛰어나 과거 산림녹화와 사방조림 등에 많이 이용된 수종이다. 그러나 2000년 이후 황화현상이 국지적으로 빈번히 발생해 오다가 2006년에는 전국적으로 확산된 바 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 경기도 오산시 3개 지역에서 아까시나무의 황화현상 피해지와 미피해지 내에서 산림토양의 물리화학적 특성을 조사, 분석하여 그 관계성을 파악하고자 수행되었다. 조사지 일대 토양은 사방지토양, 갈색건조산림토양 및 갈색약건산림토양이 주를 이루었다. 피해지의 유효토심(16cm)과 전토심(25cm)은 미피해지(30cm, 56cm)에 비해 현저히 낮게 나타났다. 또한 미피해지에 비해 피해지 토양에서 고상률은 높은 반면 기상률은 낮고, 가비중도 높은 결과를 보여 근계부내 공기와 수분 이동성의 상대적 저하를 반영하였다. 또한 전체 조사지가 산성도가 매우 높은 강산성 토양이지만 피해지의 토양산도는 평균 pH 4.42로 미피해지의 pH 4.54보다 다소 낮았으며, 토양 내 유효인산, 칼슘, 마그네슘 함량과 염기포화율의 결과 역시 피해지에서 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 미피해지에 비해 열악한 황화현상 피해지의 토양 물리화학적 성질은 양분과 수분에 대한 보유 및 공급능력의 상대적 저하로 아까시나무 임분이 다른 환경 스트레스에 보다 민감하게 반응할 수 있음을 반영한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.1245-1248
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• 2000

In order to ascertain the influence of supplemental iodine on nutrient utilisation by goats fed a leucaena leucocephala leaf meal containing diet, 8 adult male goats (2 years; $22.3{\pm}1.73kg$) were randomly allocated into two groups, viz. control and experimental. Both the groups were fed a diet comprising of wheat bran, leucaena leaf meal and wheat straw ad lib. In addition, the experimental animals were given extra iodine at 0.04 mg/head/day (as KI soln.). A metabolism trial of 6 days duration conducted after 13 weeks of experimental feeding revealed that the daily DM intake $(g/W^{0.75})$ increased significantly due to iodine supplementation. Similar was the case with the intakes of DCP and ME. The digestibility of CP and EE showed significant improvement in the experimental group while that of DM, OM and total carbohydrates did not vary significantly between the two groups. The animals of control group were in negative nitrogen balance, which improved significantly and become positive in the experimental group. Moreover, the control animals lose weight apparently in contrast to the experimental animals, who maintained their weights. While iodine supplementation tended to enhance phosphorus retention that of calcium exhibited significant improvement. Conclusively, provision of extra iodine to Leucaena containing diet may prove beneficial in augmenting the nutrient utilization of this protein rich tropical forage.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.851-859
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• 2012

본 연구는 연잎 및 연근 추출물이 분쇄돈육의 품질 및 기호성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 분쇄돈육은 돈육등심에 냉수 5% 첨가(T0), 연잎 추출물 5% 첨가(T1), 연잎 추출물 2.5% 및 연근 추출물 2.5% 첨가(T2) 그리고 연근 추출물 5% 첨가(T3) 등 네 종류를 제조하였다. 수분, 단백질, 지방 및 회분 함량은 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 가열수율, 수분 보유율, 보수력 및 직경감소율은 시료들 사이에 차이가 없었지만 지방 보유율은 T0가 가장 높았다(p<0.05). L-value(명도)는 T2 및 T3가 T0 및 T1보다 유의하게 높았지만(p<0.05) a-value(적색도) 및 b-value(황색도)는 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. pH는 T1이 가장 낮았으며(p<0.05), VBN 함량은 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. TBARS 값은 T0, T1, T2 및 T3가 각각 0.47, 0.17, 0.21 및 0.32 mg MA/kg으로 연잎 추출물을 첨가한 T1이 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 기계적 조직감으로 측정한 경도, 탄성, 응집성 및 저작성은 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 단맛을 내는 유리아미노산은 T1이 642.5 ppm으로 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 관능특성 중 맛, 조직감, 다즙성 및 전체적인 기호성은 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었지만, 풍미는 T1이 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 연잎 추출물의 첨가가 지방산화를 억제하고 풍미를 개선시키는데 효과적이었던 것으로 나타났다.