• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.301-309
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• 1997

This study was conducted to examine morphological characteristics and the content of cell wall polysaccharides of Brassica campestris var. pekinensis(baechu). First of all, the variety of scientific name and naming of parts of baechu in the literatures of kimchi showed, which will unify marks. So, we propose not so much mid-rib and leaf blade of baechu leaf as white part and green part, respectively. On the other hand, the forms of vessel elements of white part in baechu consist in ring, sclariform and reticulate thickening. The proximate compositions and contents of cell wall polysaccharides of baechu has significant differences between its cultivars. The cell wall pectin from baechu exhibited four peals with molecular weights of 2,000,000, about 100,000 and less than 10,000 by gel filteration chromatography and hemicellulose did two peaks with molecular weights of 2,000,000 and 10,000.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2019.09a
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• pp.148-148
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• 2019

Wheat is a very important crop as a food source worldwide, but gluten in wheat causes a variety of allergic reactions. Previous studies have developed ${\omega}-5$ gliadin deleted O-free, known as the central antigen of WDEIA (wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis). In this study, we performed RNA sequencing on the grains and leaves of the allergic-reduced species O-free and their cultivars, Keumkang and Olgeuru, to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEG) based on different cultivars and tissues. Tissues of all species were biologically repeated three times. We used bowtie2 version 2.3.5.1 to get sequence data from RNAseq and used cufflinks and Tophat programs to find DEG. When comparing leaf and grain tissues, a total of 1,244 DEGs were found in the leaf tissues while only 563 DEGs were found in the grain tissues. As a result of gene ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes, the leaf tissues were mostly included in the "catalytic activity" part of molecular function, "metabolic process" part of biological process, and "membrane" part of cell component. The grain tissues were mostly included in the "metabolic process" part of biological process, "binding" and "catalytic activity" part of molecular function, and "membrane, cell, cell part" parts of cell component. Based on these results, we present information on the differentially expressed genes of the three cultivars of leaves and grains. This study could be an important basis for studying the characteriztion of O-free.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1134-1139
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the application possibility of leaf and stem extract(LSE) from the mixture of leaf and stem of ginseng radix(Panax Ginseng CA Meyer). This study measured antifatigue effects by rota-rod test and swimming test. Also we examined the cell toxicity in normal liver and kidney cells, and acute toxicity in mice. Dropping times of LSE treated group decreased about 39-83% compared to the control group according to supplementation intake levels. Swimming time in LSE treated group increased compared to the control group at short and long supplementation. Negative effects were not found from the results of the cell toxicity. Also acute toxicity not shown. These results imply that the leaf and stem of ginseng radix could be used as possible food resources and functional food material and feed stuff.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1987

Leaf mesophyll protoplasts of Nicotiana tabacum (nitrate reductase deficient mutant) were fused with cell suspension protoplasts of albino Petunia inflata in an electric field. Hybrid cell colonies were selected for nitrate reductase proficiency and chlorophyll synthesis. Five hybrid plant lines, regenerated from the selected calli lines, were analysed by electrophoresis, number of chromosomes and morphological characters. Somtic hybrid plants showed both parent patterns in the isozymesof isoleucine aminopeptidase and esterase. The hybrids had the expected chromosome number of 62 and exhibited an intermediate floral morphology when compared with the parents, but plant height and leaf arrangement were similar to N. tabacum.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 1997

This study was conducted to develop a robotic transplanter for bedding plants. The robotic transplanter consisted of machine vision system, manipulator attached with the specially designed gripper, and plug tray transfer system. Results of this study were as follows. 1. A machine vision system for a robotic transplanter was developed. The success rates of detecting empty cells and bad seedlings in 72-cell and 128-cell plug-trays for cucumber seedlings were 98.8％ and 94.9％ respectively. The success rates of identifying leaf orientation for 72- cell and 128-cell plug-trays were 93.5% and 91.0%, respectively. 2. A cartesian coordinate manipulator for a robotic transplanter with 3 degrees of freedom was constructed. The accuracy of position control was $\pm$ 1mm. 3. The robotic transplanter was tested with a shovel-type finger. Without considering leaf orientation, the success rates of transplanting healthy cucumber seedlings for 72-cell and 128-cell plug-trays were 95.5% and 94.5%, respectively. Considering leaf orientation, the success rates of transplanting healthy cucumber seedling in 72-cell and 128-cell plug-trays were 96.0% and 95.0%, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.241-249
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• 1994

Leaf diffusive resistance (LDR), stomatal density, length of guard cell and hair density of leaves of 6 oak species were determined under withdrawal of water, and their strategies of drought stress were analyzed by principal component analysis. LDR of Quercus acutissima, Q. aliena and Q. serrata increased earlier than those of the other species at high leaf water potential $({\Psi}_{leaf})$ or low water saturation deficit (WSD), which was an avoidance mechanism reducing damage by water stress. Q. variabilis with low stomatal density, small stomatal size and high hair density had avoidance mechanisms increasing LDR at high $({\Psi}_{leaf})$ However, Q. mongolica and Q. dentata increased LDR at low $({\Psi}_{leaf})$ as xeric species do. Results from principal component analysis on the 15 variables related to strategies of drought stress indicated that the 6 oak species were divided into 2 groups: (1) Q. acutissima, Q. aliena and Q. serrata as mesic habitat species and (2) Q. variabilis, Q. mongolica and Q. dentata as xeric habitat species. Among three xeric species Q. acutissima differed from the other two species in the drought strategies such as high hair density, low stornatal density, high leaf area ratio, stomatal closing at low $({\Psi}_{leaf})$ and small cell wall elasticity. The results could reasonably explain their drought strategies in natural habitat.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.183-222
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• 2001

Morphological characters of section Acutae of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae) were reexamined. The epidermal patterns of perigynium, achene and leaf were investigated using by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a light microscope (LM). Morphological characters such as length and width of stem. leaf, bract, spike, scale, perigynium and achene, and shape of cross-sectioned stem, spike, scale, apex of scale, perigynium, beak of perigynium and achene, and epidermal pattern of perigynium, achene and leaf (shape of fundamental epidermal cell and cell wall, type of silica body, shape of beak epidermal cell and cell wall in perigynium, subsidiary cell shape. size and frequency of stomatal complex of leaf were useful for the identification of the observed 11 taxa. C. cinerascens, C. heterolepis and C. forficula have been confused due to similar morphological characters. C. cinerascens, C. heterolepis and C. forficula were distinct. however with respect to from width of leaf, shpae of scale, apex of scale, perigynium, beak of perigynium, and epidermal patterns of achene and leaf.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.249-254
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• 2007

Anti-angiogenesis and anti-cell adhesion effects were investigated with different dose of Camellia japonica leaf (CJL) extract for applying anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and anti-obesity. Cytotoxicity on HUVECs was very low at 200 ug/mL of CJL-extract. Anti-angiogenic ratio at increasing dose of 1.5 ug/mL, 3.0 ug/mL, 15 ug/mL and 30 ug/mL was showed 30.7%, 38.5%, 53.8%, and 70.0%, respectively. Also, anti-cell adhesion effect at concentration of $50{\mu}g{/well},\;100{\mu}g{/well}\;and\;200{\mu}g{/well}$ was expressed on E-selectin by 46.7%, 66.7%, and 86.76%, on VCAM-1, 23.0%, 61.5%, and 84.6%, and on ICAM-1, 11%, 55.5%, and 88.8%, respectively. For inquiring anti-angiogenesis mechanism, when western blot was performed with different dose of CJL extract, signal molecules of VEGFR-2, $\beta$-catenin and PI3-K were suppressed. As the signal transduction from VEGFR-2, $\beta$-catenin and PI3-K to NF-${\kappa}$B was interupted, angiogenesis could not be occurred causing not activated NF-kB. C. japonica leaf (CJL) is a useful herb for developing therapeutics of angiogenesis related diseases such as cancer, metastasis, rheumathioid arthritis and obesity.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.211-220
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• 2016

The current study was carried out to determine the effects of the seed, flesh (seedless fruit), and leaf of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindle.) on antioxidative activity and anti-proliferation in human cancer cells. Total polyphenol contents of loquat seed, flesh, and leaf ethanol extracts were found to be 17.77, 32.32, and 28.08 mg/g, respectively. Also, total flavonoid contents of loquat seed, flesh, and leaf ethanol extracts were found to be 18.77, 28.73, and 21.35 mg/g, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ values of DPPH hydroxyl scavenging of loquat seed, flesh, and leaf ethanol extracts were 0.049, 0.063, and 0.042 mg/mL, respectively. Antioxidative indexes of loquat leaf and seed ethanol extracts was highly and it was similar to the BHA and BHT. The antioxidative activities in loquat seed and leaf ethanol extracts were higher in loquat flesh. The antiproliferation effect of loquat seed and leaf ethanol extracts on liver cancer cell line (H460), stomach cancer cell line (AGS) and lung cancer cell line (A549) showed higher values compared with the flesh ethanol extracts. These results indicate that loquat ethanol extracts may play a positive role in antioxidative properties and cancer prevention.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2017

Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. is a perennial herb found widely distributed in various regions of Korea, Europe, and New Zealand. The root of A. sylvestris have been extensively used in the treatment for antitussive, antipyretic, cough remedy in Oriental medicine, but the physiologically active function of the leaf of A. sylvestris is as yet unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity and the mechanism of cell death of water extracts of leaf of Anthriscus sylvestris (WELAS), on human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Our data showed that WELAS treatment inhibited cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In addition, the treatment of WELAS markedly induced apoptosis in FaDu cells, as determined by the viability assay, DAPI stain and FACS analysis. WELAS also increased the proteolytic cleavage of procaspase-3, -9 and PARP (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase). In addition, exposure to WELAS decreased the expression of Bcl-2 (an anti-apoptotic factor), but increased the expression of Bax (a pro-apoptotic factor), suggesting that mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways are mediated in WELAS-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that water extracts of leaf of A. sylvestris inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway in FaDu human hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Therefore, we propose that the water extracts of leaf of A. sylvestris is a novel chemotherapeutic drug, having growth inhibitory properties and induction of apoptosis in human oral cancer cells.