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The Significance of p53 Expression in Serum and Tissue from Patients with Lung Cancer (원발성 폐암환자의 혈청 및 조직에서의 p53단백 표현)

  • Chang, Jung-Hyun;Sung, Sun-Hee
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.333-340
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    • 1998
  • Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer over the world. P53 alteration is by far the most common genetic defect in lung cancer. The mutation of p53 protein involves the loss of inhibitory function of p53 related tumor suppressor gene and resultant oncogenesis. The analysis of p53 alterations consists of immunohistochemical stain, PCR based assay, or serologic ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Methods : Serum levels of p53 mutant protein were measured in 69 cases of lung cancer (adenocarcinoma n=29, epidermoid n=16, small cell n=13, large cell n=1, undifferentiated n=1, undetermined n=9) and 42 controls of respiratory disorders using ELISA. Immunohistochemical stain in tissue was performed using monoclonal antibody of p53 in lung cancer subjects. Results: Both serum p53s in nonsmall cell cancer (0.28±0.44ng/ml) and in small cell cancer (0.20±0.14ng/ml) were not different from controls (0.34±0.20ng/ml). Also there was no significant difference in serum p53 according to tumor stages. P53 immunohistochemical stain showed 50% positivity overall in lung cancer. There were no close correlation between serologic level and positivity of immunohistochemical stain. Conclusion: The serologic determination of p53 mutant protein is thought to have no diagnostic role in lung cancer. Immunohistochemical stain in lung cancer specimen shows 50% positivity.

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Mediastinal Lymphangioma in Adults : Three Case Reports (성인에서 발생한 종격동 림프관종 3례)

  • Kim, Kyung Chan;Koh, Won-Jung;Kwon, O Jung;Lee, Byoung-Hoon;Hwang, Jung Hye;Kang, Eun Hae;Suh, Gee Young;Chung, Man Pyo;Kim, Hojoong;Han, Joungho;Ko, Young Hyeh;Kim, Jhingook;Kim, Tae Sung;Lee, Kyung Soo
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.55 no.3
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    • pp.303-310
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    • 2003
  • Background : Lymphangioma of the mediastinum is an uncommon benign tumor of lymphatic origin that is most often seen in children, is very rare in adults and is frequently discovered incidentally on chest x-ray exams. While radiology (CT and MRI) may suggest the diagnosis and allow an assessment of the operative difficulties, the histology of the surgical specimen is required for precise diagnosis. Complete resection is the only treatment; however, in some patients resection was incomplete because of the infiltrating character of these tumors, leading to recurrence. We report three cases of mediastinal lymphangioma with a review of the literature.

Theoretical Studies of the Gas-Phase Identity Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Cyclopentadienyl Halides

  • Lee, Ik-Choon;Li, Hong-Guang;Kim, Chang-Kon;Lee, Bon-Su;Kim, Chan-Kyung;Lee, Hai-Whang
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.583-592
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    • 2003
  • The gas phase identity nucleophilic substitution reactions of halide anions (X = F, Cl, Br) with cyclopentadienyl halides (1) are investigated at the B3LYP/6-311+G**, MP2/6-311+G** and G2(+)MP2 levels involving five reaction pathways: σ-attack SN2, β-SN2'-syn, β-SN2'-anti, γ-SN2'-syn and γ-SN2'-anti paths. In addition, the halide exchange reactions at the saturated analogue, cyclopentyl halides (2), and the monohapto circumambulatory halide rearrangements in 1 are also studied at the same three levels of theory. In the σ-attack SN2 transition state for 1 weak positive charge develops in the ring with X = F while negative charge develops with X = Cl and Br leading to a higher energy barrier with X = F but to lower energy barriers with X = Cl and Br than for the corresponding reactions of 2. The π-attack β-SN2' transition states are stabilized by the strong nCπC=C charge transfer interactions, whereas the π-attack γ-SN2' transition states are stabilized by the strong nCσCX interactions. For all types of reaction paths, the energy barriers are lower with X = F than Cl and Br due to the greater bond energy gain in the partial C-X bond formation with X = F. The β-SN2' paths are favored over the γ-SN2' paths only with X = F and the reverse holds with X = Cl and Br. The σ-attack SN2 reaction provides the lowest energy barrier with X = Cl and Br, but that with X = F is the highest energy barrier path. Activation energies for the circumambulatory rearrangement processes are much higher (by more than 18 kcal mol1) than those for the corresponding SN2 reaction path. Overall the gas-phase halide exchanges are predicted to proceed by the σ-attack SN2 path with X = Cl and Br but by the β-SN2'-anti path with X = F. The barriers to the gas-phase halide exchanges increase in the order X = F < Br < Cl, which is the same as that found for the gas-phase identity methyl transfer reactions.

A Comparative Study on Clinical Effectiveness of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Progesterone on Luteal Support in Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulatian far IVF (체외수정 시술시 과배란 유도에서 Luteal Phase Support에 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin과 Progesterone의 효용성에 관한 비교 연구)

  • Nah, O-Soon;Lee, Sang-Hoon;Bae, Do-Whan
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.233-240
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    • 1994
  • This study was conducted to compare the endocrine milieu, and pregnancy rates in In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer(IVF-ET) program employing combined with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist(GnRH-a) and pergonal(LH 75lU+FSH 75lU) when either human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) or progesterone were used for luteal phase support. A total number of 40 IVF-ET treatment cycles were prospectively studied. Ovarian hyperstimulation method was modified ultrashort protocol using GnRH-a. All patients started Decapeptyl at menstrual cycle day # 2, and HMG was started at # 3 days. When leading follicle was 18mm or at least two follicles were 14mm in diameter, HCG 10000lU intramuscularly was injected. After 36 hours HCG administration, oocytes were retrieved as usual guided by transvaginal ultrasound. Embryo were transfered 36-48 hours later. The patient's cycles were prospectively randomized to receive HCG(20cycles) or Progesterone (20cycles) for luteal support. The progesterone group received 25mg 1M starting from the day of ET. The HCG group received 1500IU 1M. on days 0, +2, +5 after ET. Estadiol(E2) and Progesterone(P4) were measured on the day of oocyte aspiration, ET day, and every 6 days thereafter. Results were follows as; 1. Estradiol, progesterone and LH levels on the day of HCG trigger, retrieved oocytes and number of transfered embryo were not significantly different in both groups. 2. On the day of aspiration and embryo transfered day, E2, P4 level were significantly higher in progesterone group than HCG group(p<0.01). 3. E2, P4 level on 6 days after ET were significantly higher in progesterone group than HCG group(p<0.01). But, P4/E2 ratio was not different in both groups. 4. E2, P4 level 12 days after ET were decreased abruptly in both groups and higher hormonal level appeared in HCG group(P<0.01). 5. The total pregnancy rate in the HCG group was 40% (8/20) and in the progesterone group 15%(3/20). 6. Comparing the pregnant and nonpregnant cases progesterone group was not different the hormonal status. In HCG group, pregnant cases appeared in higher P4, P4/E2 ratio than nonpregnanct cases(P<0.01).

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Analysis of Educational Situation in Environment Class at High School with View of Good Environment Class (좋은 환경 수업의 관점에서 본 고등학교 환경 수업 학습 상황 분석)

  • Ahn, Jae-Jung;Choi, Don-Hyung
    • Hwankyungkyoyuk
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study is to find the meaning of the good class, and based on this, situation of environmental education in high school is researched. Through those above processes, desirable direction of the environment class is suggested. For this study, we are trying to reflect the characteristics of environmental education on the general good classes, and from this, the meaning of good environment class is known. Moreover, for this study, we choose environment classes from four high schools leading by environment major teacher. From those four classes, we analyzed these things: educational situation of environment class, teachers' interviews. All of these are for analyzing environment class with the view of good environmental class. A well-formed environment class manifests the features of environment education in all aspects of teaching and learning process, including learning objectives, learning materials, procedures, and evaluations. Furthermore, it should be 'student-centered' class in which active interaction among the learners or between the instructor and the students is considered most important. Students are not the passive receiver, but rather, they actively participate in the learning process by reorganizing the knowledge as they experience and become independent learners who are actively involved in the problem-solving process. In this way, we can generate a great deal of students' interest and motivation, which in turn makes the class interesting, enjoyable, full of energy and still effective. If there is the class reflecting the factors of environmental education above good class' ways, it will be the good environment class. In the current situation of environment class, the rate of student's class participation and study activity was low. This tendency is not too different between four groups except students' support to teachers. This result means that learners' will to participate in their classes actively is not high. Moreover, about 46.3% of students did not understand some parts of new knowledge and about the parts, students' solution was 'does nothing' and the rate was also so high. Teachers tried to make their class with considering students' interest, and focusing their learner's real life. However, learners are all general education high school students, so teachers have aversion about making their students heavy activities.

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Occupational Lung Cancer Surveillance in South Korea, 2006-2009

  • Leem, Jong-Han;Kim, Hwan-Cheol;Ryu, Jeong-Seon;Won, Jong-Uk;Moon, Jai-Dong;Kim, Young-Chul;Koh, Sang-Baek;Yong, Suk-Joong;Kim, Soo-Geun;Park, Jae-Yong;Kim, In-Ah;Kim, Jung-Il;Kim, Jung-Won;Lee, Eui-Cheol;Kim, Hyoung-Ryoul;Kim, Dae-Hwan;Kang, Dong-Mug;Hong, Yun-Chul
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.134-139
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    • 2010
  • Objectives: The lung cancer mortality in Korea has increased remarkably during the last 20 years, and has been the first leading cause of cancer-related deaths since 2000. The aim of the current study was to examine the time trends of occupational lung cancer and carcinogens exposure during the period 2006-2009 in South Korea, by assessing the proportion of occupational burden. Methods: We defined occupational lung cancer for surveillance, and developed a reporting protocol and reporting website for the surveillance of occupational lung cancer. The study patients were chosen from 9 participating university hospitals in the following 7 areas: Seoul, Incheon, Wonju, Daejeon, Daegu, Busan, and Gwangju. Results: The combined proportion of definite and probable occupational lung cancer among all lung cancers investigated in this study was 10.0%, 8.6%, 10.7%, and 15.8% in the years 2006 to 2009, respectively, with an average of 11.7% over the four-year study period. The main carcinogens were asbestos, crystalline silica, radon, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), diesel exhaust particles, chromium, and nickel. Conclusion: We estimated that about 11.7% of the incident lung cancer was preventable. This reveals the potential to considerably reduce lung cancer by intervention in occupational fields.

INNOVATIVE CONCEPT FOR AN ULTRA-SMALL NUCLEAR THERMAL ROCKET UTILIZING A NEW MODERATED REACTOR

  • NAM, SEUNG HYUN;VENNERI, PAOLO;KIM, YONGHEE;LEE, JEONG IK;CHANG, SOON HEUNG;JEONG, YONG HOON
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.47 no.6
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    • pp.678-699
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    • 2015
  • Although the harsh space environment imposes many severe challenges to space pioneers, space exploration is a realistic and profitable goal for long-term humanity survival. One of the viable and promising options to overcome the harsh environment of space is nuclear propulsion. Particularly, the Nuclear Thermal Rocket (NTR) is a leading candidate for nearterm human missions to Mars and beyond due to its relatively high thrust and efficiency. Traditional NTR designs use typically high power reactors with fast or epithermal neutron spectrums to simplify core design and to maximize thrust. In parallel there are a series of new NTR designs with lower thrust and higher efficiency, designed to enhance mission versatility and safety through the use of redundant engines (when used in a clustered engine arrangement) for future commercialization. This paper proposes a new NTR design of the second design philosophy, Korea Advanced NUclear Thermal Engine Rocket (KANUTER), for future space applications. The KANUTER consists of an Extremely High Temperature Gas cooled Reactor (EHTGR) utilizing hydrogen propellant, a propulsion system, and an optional electricity generation system to provide propulsion as well as electricity generation. The innovatively small engine has the characteristics of high efficiency, being compact and lightweight, and bimodal capability. The notable characteristics result from the moderated EHTGR design, uniquely utilizing the integrated fuel element with an ultra heat-resistant carbide fuel, an efficient metal hydride moderator, protectively cooling channels and an individual pressure tube in an all-in-one package. The EHTGR can be bimodally operated in a propulsion mode of 100MWth and an electricity generation mode of 100MWth, equipped with a dynamic energy conversion system. To investigate the design features of the new reactor and to estimate referential engine performance, a preliminary design study in terms of neutronics and thermohydraulics was carried out. The result indicates that the innovative design has great potential for high propellant efficiency and thrust-to-weight of engine ratio, compared with the existing NTR designs. However, the build-up of fission products in fuel has a significant impact on the bimodal operation of the moderated reactor such as xenon-induced dead time. This issue can be overcome by building in excess reactivity and control margin for the reactor design.

Foaming Behavior, Structure, and Properties of Rubber Nanocomposites Foams Reinforced with Zinc Methacrylate (아연 메타아크릴레이트로 보강된 발포고무 나노복합체의 발포거동, 구조 및 특성)

  • Basuli, U.;Lee, G.B.;Jang, S.Y.;Oh, J.;Lee, J.H.;Kim, S.C.;Jeon, N.D.;Huh, Y.I.;Nah, C.
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.297-309
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    • 2012
  • Different amounts of foaming agents were employed in natural rubber(NR)/butadiene rubber(BR) blends to understand the foaming behavior in presence of nano-reinforcing agent, zinc methacrylate (ZMA). The ZMA greatly improved most of the mechanical properties of the rubber foams, however it did not show considerable effect on the cell morphology, such as cell size, density and porosity. It was also observed that the foaming agent concentration affected all the mechanical parameters. When the content of foaming agent was increased, the number of foams was increased leading to a decrease in density of the compounds. But the size and distribution of foams remained unchanged with increased foaming agent. The effect of high styrene-butadiene rubber (HSBR) was also studied. The size of cells became smaller and the cell uniformity was improved with increasing HSBR. The foam rubber compounds showed much efficient energy absorbing capability at higher strains.

The Effects of Somatid on the Cytotoxicity of Cancer Cells and Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 and E7 Oncogenes (생기액(生肌液)의 세포독성 및 자궁경부암 바이러스 (HPV 16 type) 암 유발인자 E6와 E7의 작용에 미치는 효과)

  • Joung, Ok;Cho, Young-Sik;Cho, Cheong-Weon;Lee, Kyung-Ae;Shim, Jung-Hyun;Cho, Min-Chul;Lee, Hong-Soo;Yeom, Young-Il;Kim, Sang-Bom;Park, Sue-Nie;Yoon, Do-Young
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.340-346
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    • 2000
  • Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of female death from cancer worldwide with about 500,000 deaths per year. A strong association between certain human papilloma viruses (HPV types 16 and 18) and cervical cancer has been well known. An extract of natural products, named as Somatid, has been used to investigate whether this agent has the ability of inhibiting the oncogenes E6 and E7 of HPV type 16. This Somatid inhibited the proliferation of human cervical cancer cell lines (C-33A, SiHa, CaSki) and HaCaT keratinocytes in a dose response manner, In vitro binding assay and ELISA showed that Somatid inhibited the in vitro biding of E6 and E6AP which are essential for the binding and degradation of the tumor suppressor p53. In addition, Somatid inhibited the in vitro binding of E7 and Rb which is essential tumor suppressor for the control of cell cycle. The levels of mRNA for E6 and E7 were also decreased by Somatid. Our data suggested that Somatid inhibited the oncogenecity of E6 and E7 of HPV 16 type, thus can be used as a putative anti-HPV agent for the treatment of cervical carcinomas caused by HPV.

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X-linked Agammaglobulinemia Assiociated with Bronchiectasis : A Case Report (기관지 확장증을 동반한 X연관 무감마글로불린혈증 1예)

  • Yu, Chang-Min;Koh, Won-Jung;Kim, Kyung Chan;Lee, Byoung-Hoon;Hwang, Jung Hye;Kang, Eun Hae;Suh, Gee Young;Chung, Man Pyo;Kim, Hojoong;Kwon, O Jung;Ki, Chang-Seok;Kim, Jong-Won
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.54 no.6
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    • pp.628-634
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    • 2003
  • Bronchiectasis is defined as an abnormal, irreversible dilatation of the bronchi, which may result from a number of possible causes, and the recognition of these causes may lead to a specific management strategy. Immunodeficiency is known as one of the conditions associated with bronchiectasis. X-linked agammaglobulinemia is a rare inheritable immunodeficiency disorder, caused by a differentiation block, leading almost to the complete absence of B lymphocytes and plasma cells. The affected protein is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase, Bruton's tyrosine kinase. The early detection and treatment with immunoglobulin replacement are most important for the management of recurrent infections and for reducing severe complications. We report a 20-year-old male patient, with X-linked agammaglobulinemia associated with bilateral bronchiectasis, carrying a missense mutation(R520P) in the BTK gene.