• 복식
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2011

As modern society advances, women's self-consciousness and attitudes toward beautiful appearances have changed. Amid this trend, the young and slim body of adolescent girls expressed in contemporary fashion incites fantasy on continuing youth among women. In modern society, women's youth is frequently regarded as a subject of consumption and a sex product in the mass media. In this regard, the study is focused on examining desire and psychology of worshipping women's youth and beauty in connection with flapper fashion in the 1920s. In the process, the study took a look at the social and cultural background of flapper fashion and conducted an analysis on formative characteristics and aesthetic sense of flapper fashion as follows: First, the formative characteristics include a short skirt that expresses straight lined shape and the beauty of exposure, lighter clothing, thick make-up, short hair style and black or vivid colors, and they lead to exceptional and innovative aesthetic sense in flapper fashion. Flapper fashion style is focused on completely denying outdated fashion worn by women in the age right before. Second, pursuit of mature, graceful and classical beauty that had continued in previous ages has gone through complete changes in the flapper era in the name of pursuit of youth, and the flapper fashion expresses sensual image through the exposure of slim arms and legs of a young girl. In the formative characteristics, aesthetic sense of youth and sensuality inherent in the flapper fashion was generated. Third, women's free-spirited lifestyle at that time and 'aesthetic sense of freedom and amusement that reflected the speed of machine civilization could be found in the flapper fashion. Material and decoration of the flapper fashion pertained to clothing that enabled a free expression through rapid movements. Aesthetic sense of the flapper fashion generated in the process could be defined as women's internal determination to express individual and free-spirited ideas through the use of fashion when tradition and order of the old age were torn down. And this aesthetic sense is continuously affecting modern fashion design.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.516-521
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• 2006

Modifications in dietary fatty acid intake might lead to a modification in membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between different type of oil consumption and leukocyte membrane phospholipid composition. This study was carried out in subjects utilizing butter (n = 15), margarine (n = 15), fluid oil (n = 15) and mixed types of oils (n = 15) in total 60 subjects. Leukocytes were separated from total blood by dextran sedimentation method. Membrane lipids and proteins were isolated following the cell disruption. Fatty acids of membrane phospholipids were isolated by hydrolysation with phospholipase B under ultrasonic dismembranator. Free fatty acids were identified with gas chromatography at chloroform phase. The results obtained were compared with data obtained by chromatograms of the standards. Results more prominent values of arachidic, dihomo-$\gamma$-linolenic and palmitoleic acids were found in butter-or mixed oil-user groups; eicosadienoic, eicosamonoenoic, dihomo-$\gamma$-linolenic and behenic acids in fluid oil; heptanoic, valeric, eicosadienoic and linolenic acids in margarine groups. The fatty acid composition of mixed oil was similar to butter, while other two oils were so different. From this study, it was concluded that the type of oil consumption might have an influence on phospholipid components of plasma membranes.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2006

Thermal fatigue of the coolant circuits of PWR plants is a major issue for nuclear safety. The problem is especially accute in mixing zones, like T-junctions, where large differences in water temperature between the two inlets and high levels of turbulence can lead to large temperature fluctuations at the wall. Until recently, studies on the matter had been tackled at EDF using steady methods: the fluid flow was solved with a CFD code using an averaged turbulence model, which led to the knowledge of the mean temperature and temperature variance at each point of the wall. But, being based on averaged quantities, this method could not reproduce the unsteady and 3D effects of the problem, like phase lag in temperature oscillations between two points, which can generate important stresses. Benefiting from advances in computer power and turbulence modelling, a new methodology is now applied, that allows to take these effects into account. The CFD tool Code_Saturne, developped at EDF, is used to solve the fluid flow using an unsteady L.E.S. approach. It is coupled with the thermal code Syrthes, which propagates the temperature fluctuations into the wall thickness. The instantaneous temperature field inside the wall can then be extracted and used for structure mechanics computations (mainly with EDF thermomechanics tool Code_Aster). The purpose of this paper is to present the application of this methodology to the simulation of a straight T-junction mock-up, similar to the Residual Heat Remover (RHR) junction found in N4 type PWR nuclear plants, and designed to study thermal striping and cracks propagation. The results are generally in good agreement with the measurements; yet, in certain areas of the flow, progress is still needed in L.E.S. modelling and in the treatment of instantaneous heat transfer at the wall.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2006

Tritium has been used to directly measure the exchangeable hydrogen in bleached softwood kraft pulp. The hydrogen atoms associated with hydroxyl groups in pulp or with water contained in the pulp can dissociate and exchange with the hydrogen atoms in bulk water. Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen and behaves almost identically to it. The distribution of tritium between pulp and water ($k_{pw}$) can be easily measured and becomes an index of the protons available fur hydrogen bonding. Bleached kraft pulp was refined in a PFI mill to a range of freenesses. Tritiated water was added and the amount exchanged measured. There was a slight steady increase in $k_{pw}$ until approximately 300 CSF; $k_{pw}$ then rose sharply between 300 CSF and 100 CSF. This rise appears to correlate with FSP. It is likely that the action of refining on the fiber reaches a threshold at about 300 CSF causing the fiber surface to break open creating exponentially more surface area. This theory is visually confirmed through light microscopy. The slow increase in fibrillation of the fibers above 300 CSF correlates with the increase in $k_{pw}$. Beyond the threshold of 300 CSF a dramatic difference in fibrillation is shown, also corresponding with the large increase in $k_{pw}$. The freeness difference around 300 CSF is small, but the change in fiber properties is extreme within this region. This change in properties could lead to sheet breaks and other disruptions when producing products around the threshold. This study leads to a better understanding of how fiber changes during refining, resulting in a practical benefit of target freeness determination. Presently, freeness is selected based on product quality and on some measure of runnability. Yet, there are other considerations, demonstrated by the extreme change in fiber properties around 300 CSF.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2004

빵류 제품의 HACCP적용을 용이하게 하기 위해서는 HACCP 일반 모델 개발이 필요하다. 제빵 공정이 소성과정 중 제품의 내부온도가 $85^{\circ}C$ 이상 유지되어 호화되는 것을 감안하면 병원성 미생물의 사멸이 베이킹 중에 일어나므로 일반 위생관리가 안전성 확보를 위한 주된 타겟이 되며, 일반위생관리규정은 적정제조기준(GMP : Good manufacturing practice) 함께 HACCP 시스템을 적용하기 위한 보조 프로그램으로서 반드시 확립되고 관리되어야 할 프로그램이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 빵류 제품을 생산, 가공, 포장하여 시판하는 제빵업체에 HACCP시스템을 적용시키고자 빵류 제품을 대상으로 하여 생산 제품의 안전성 및 위생 상태를 미생물학적 방법을 평가하고, 원료의 공정에 따른 위생분석을 행하여 CCP및 CL을 결정하여 빵류제품의 HACCP일반 모델을 제시하였다. 이러한 일반위생관리기준과 HACCP일반모델은 빵류 제품의 안전성 확보 및 HACCP적용에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.101-129
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• 2017

Local transient extreme wind loads caused by group tower-related interference are among the major reasons that lead to wind-induced damage of super-large cooling towers. Four-tower arrangements are the most commonly seen patterns for super-large cooling towers. We considered five typical four-tower arrangements in engineering practice, namely, single row, rectangular, rhombic, L-shaped, and oblique L-shaped. Wind tunnel tests for rigid body were performed to determine the influence of different arrangements on static and dynamic wind loads and extreme interference effect. The most unfavorable working conditions (i.e., the largest overall wind loads) were determined based on the overall aerodynamic coefficient under different four-tower arrangements. Then we calculated the one-, two- and three-dimensional aerodynamic loads under different four-tower arrangements. Statistical analyses were performed on the wind pressure signals in the amplitude and time domains under the most unfavorable working conditions. On this basis, the non-Gaussian distribution characteristics of aerodynamic loads on the surface of the cooling towers under different four-tower arrangements were analyzed. We applied the Sadek-Simiu procedure to the calculation of two- and three-dimensional aerodynamic loads in the cooling towers under the four-tower arrangements, and the extreme wind load distribution patterns under the most unfavorable working conditions in each arrangement were compared. Finally, we proposed a uniform equation for fitting the extreme wind loads under the four-tower arrangements; the accuracy and reliability of the equation were verified. Our research findings will contribute to the optimization of the four-tower arrangements and the determination of extreme wind loads of super-large cooling towers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.614-621
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• 2010

Increasing accuracy of broiler diet formulation based on amino acid digestibility in comparison to application of total amino acids could lead to more feed efficiency and productivity. This experiment was conducted for determination of sampling site (excreta and ileum) and recognition of the effects of a commercial enzyme ($Grind^{(R)}$ Danisco, Finland) on metabolizable energy, protein and amino acid digestibility of barley. This study was modulated by a marker in 21-day old Arbor Acres chickens. Corn-soybean meal was used as a control diet and, in the other two treatments, barley (at a level of 40%) with and without enzyme as the test ingredient were supplemented to the basal diet. Chromic oxide was included in all diets (0.5%) as an indigestible marker. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), corrected by nitrogen (AMEn) and apparent digestibility of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, valine and methionine were significantly (p<0.05) higher in feces than ileum. Protein digestibility of diet and barley was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the ileum than in feces. Apparent digestibility of tryptophan, proline, methionine, phenylalanine and lysine was increased significantly (p<0.05) by enzyme supplementation. In contrast, no response was observed in AME, AMEn, and protein digestibility of the diet and barley by enzyme supplementation. The results of this study have shown that AME and amino acid digestibility were increased in feces, in contrast an adverse effect was observed for protein digestibility of the diet and barley.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.889-899
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• 2007

최근 프로테오믹스 분야에서 단백질의 추출, 분리기술의 발전과 고성능 질량분석 장비로 인하여 대량으로, 또 빠르게 샘플을 분석하는 것이 가능해짐에 따라서, 한번의 실험으로부터 얻어지는 실험데이타의 양이 대폭 늘어나게 되었다. 따라서 대량의 데이타를 어떻게 처리하여 필요한 정보만을 얻어내는가가 큰 이슈가 되고 있다. 하지만 기존의 데이타 해석과정은 불필요하게 계산자원을 낭비하는 요소를 상당 부분을 포함하고 있고, 이로 인해 데이타 해석 시간이 증가함은 물론, 종종 옳지 않은 해석 결과를 생성함으로써 결과에 대한 신뢰도의 저하를 초래했다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 데이타 해석 과정에서의 문제점을 지적하고, 데이타 처리의 효율을 높임과 동시에 해석 결과의 신뢰도를 제고하기 위한 SIFTER 시스템을 제안한다. SIFTER 시스템은 본격적인 데이타 해석에 앞서, 질량 스펙트럼의 질을 평가하고 하전량을 결정하는 소프트웨어를 제공한다. 탠덤 질량 스펙트럼에 나타나는 단편 이온의 특성을 고려하여 스펙트럼의 질과 하전량을 정확하게 결정하는 방법을 제공함으로써, 데이타 해석에 앞서 스펙트럼의 질이 낮아 해석이 불가능할 것이 분명한 경우 이들을 미리 제거하고 스펙트럼 해석과정에 잘못된 정보가 사용되지 않도록 한다. 결과적으로 데이타 해석과정에서의 효율과 해석결과의 정확성에 있어 대폭적인 개선을 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.2624-2630
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• 2013

LED 칩 패키징에서 다이 본딩은 분할된 칩을 리드 프레임에 고정시켜 칩이 이후 공정을 견딜 수 있도록 충분한 강도를 제공하는 중요한 공정이다. 다이본딩 공정 중에서, 측정 단계는 정확한 에폭시 토출 위치 지정과 충분한 강도를 가지고 접합할 수 있도록 다이가 정확한 위치에 놓여있는지 상태를 결정하는데 있어 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 LED 다이 본딩을 위한 머신 비전 기반의 측정 시스템을 개발하였다. 제안된 시스템에서 에폭시 토출과 어태칭 상태 검출을 위해 각각 2개의 카메라를 사용하였다. 제안된 측정 시스템에 새로운 비전 알고리즘을 적용하였고, 실험을 통해 본 알고리즘의 효율을 검증하였다. 비전 알고리즘을 이용하여 측정된 위치 오차는 $X:-29{\mu}m$, $Y:-32{\mu}m$, 회전오차는 3도 이내 인 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 제안된 머신 비전 기반의 측정 시스템을 통해 개발된 다이 본딩 시스템의 향상된 성능을 확인하였다.

• 대한견주관절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한견주관절학회 2009년도 제17차 학술대회
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• pp.44-44
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate humeral translation relative to the glenoid invivo during loaded and unloaded shoulder abduction. CT scans of 9 healthy shoulders were acquired and 3D models were created. The subject was positioned in front of a fluoroscope and motions were recorded during active abduction. The subjects performed two trials of holding a 3kg weight and unload. 3D motions were determined using model-based 3D-to-2D registration to obtain 6 degrees of freedom kinematics. Glenohumeral translation was determined by finding the location on the humeral head with the smallest separation from the glenoid. Humeral translation was referenced to the glenoid center in the superior/inferior direction. The humerus moved an average of 2 mm, from inferior to central on the glenoid, during arm abduction for both conditions. The humeral head was centered within 1mm from the glenoid center above $70^{\circ}$. There were no statistically significant differences for both conditions. The standard deviation decreased gradually over the motion, with significantly lower variability at the end of abduction compared to the initial unloaded position. We assumed that the humeral translation to the center of the glenoid provides maximum joint congruency for optimal shoulder function and joint longevity. We believe this information will lead to better strategies to prevent shoulder injuries, enhance rehabilitation, and improve surgical treatments.